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29.03.1923
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^vktdy
vki D;k fy[k jgs gSa\^
^eSaus pkyhl o"kZ ls dqN ugha fy[kkA^
^vkidk ys[ku xkaèkhokn ls çHkkfor
gSA^
^D;k vki dHkh Hkh oSlk gh lksprs gSa\^
^eSsa xkaèkhoknh ugha gwaA^
cgqr ls ç'uksa esa ls os nks vkSj
muds mÙkj ;kn jg x;s gSaA 14 flrEcj
1985 dks fgUnh ds [;kruke jpukdkj tSusUæth
eè;çns'k fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu
}kjk vk;ksftr fgUnh fnol ij eq[; vfrfFk
FksA mifLFkr jpukdkjksa us muls cgqr ç'u
fd,A mUgksaus ç'uksa ds vuqlkj laf{kIr
;k foLr`r mÙkj fn,A
esjs lkeus ,d nwljs fo[;kr lkfgfR;d vknj.kh;
Jh fo".kq çHkkdj dk ,d i= j[kk
gqvk gSA i= ds igys iSjkxzkQ esa gh fy[kk
gS] ^yxHkx N: n'kd chr x, tc mUgksaus ¼tSusUæ
th us½ dye idM+h FkhA rc ls os fujarj
l`tu ds {ks= esa lfØ; jgs gSaA^
ge lc Hkh ;gh ekurs gSa fd Jh tSusUæ
dqekj dh ys[kuh lrr py jgh gSA vkSj bèkj
tSusUæth gSa tks [kqn dg jgs gSa fd
pkyhl lky ls mUgksus dqN ugha fy[kkA tSusUæth
us 83 clar ns[k fy, gSaA pkyhl&c;kyhl
o"kZ ls dqN u fy[kus dk eryc gqvk fd
42 o"kZ dh vk;q esa gh mUgksaus ys[kuh
dks foJke ns fn;kA bldk nwljk i;kZ; ;g Hkh
rks gqvk fd mUgksaus lkfgR; l`tu dks ek=
22 o"kZ gh fn,A rc D;k ;g pkSadkus
okyk çlax ugha gS fd brus o"kksZa
ls dqN u fy[kus okys tSusUædqekj lkfgR;
ds flagklu ij vkt Hkh mrus gh çfrf"Br
gSa ftrus fd pkj n'kd iwoZ\ 'kk;n ;g lkfgfR;d
cgl dk fo"k; gks ldrk gSA eSa mlesa
ugha tkuk pkgrkA
tSusUæth dks eSaus i<+k fd'kksjkoLFkk
esa ghA ^ukS dgkfu;ka^ uked dFkk laxzg esa
mudh ,d jpuk çdkf'kr gqbZ Fkh 'viuk&
viuk HkkX;A^ og dgkuh eq>s cgqr Nw x;hA
gks ldrk gS fd 'kk;n eSa Hkh oSlh gh fdlh
ftanxh ls xqtj jgk FkkA ^viuk& viuk
HkkX;^ 'kk;n esjs gh bnZ&fxnZ ?kwe jgh
gksA ,d& nks o"kksZa ckn eSa f'k{kk
tkjh j[kus ds fy, oèkkZ pyk x;kA
ogka jk"VªHkk"kk çpkj
lfefr dk iqLrdky; Hkh miyCèk Fkk
vkSj foØ; dsUæ HkhA lfefr ds
lfpo vknj.kh; Jh HknUrvkuan dkS'kY;k;u us
eq>s ^R;kxi= i<u+s dh lykg nhA eSaus
ij[k] R;kxi= vkSj dY;k.kh miU;kl [kjhn fy,A
R;kxi= ds ik= vHkh Hkh eq>s ltho ls yxrs
gSaA fQj çdkf'kr gqvk ^lquhrk^A mls
i<+k rks vuqHko gqvk fd tSusUæth
us vius ys[ku dh fn'kk gh cny nh gSA cgjgky
bruk t:j gqvk fd tSusUæ th ftl rjg
vU; ikBdksa ds fç; ys[kd Fks] esjs
Hkh gks x,A LokHkkfod Fkk fd dHkh muds n'kZu
djus dh ,d vKkr mRlqdrk us Hkh eu esa dksbZ
?kj dj fy;kA
eq>s vfèkd le; rd çrh{kk
ugha djuh iM+hA tSusUæth oèkkZ
vk, gq, FksA tgka rd eq>s ;kn gS 1941&42
esa xkaèkhth us fgUnqLrkuh dks jktHkk"kk
ds :i esa Lohdkj djus ds fy, oèkkZ
esa lkfgR;dkjksa dks vkeaf=r fd;k FkkA bl
tyls esa fganh ds ewèkZU; jpukdkjksa
us Hkkx fy;k FkkA loZJh eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr]
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr] cky-".k 'kekZ 'uohuÓ]
lqn'kZu rFkk tSusUædqekj dh mifLFkfr
dh eq>s èkqaèkyh& lh
Le`fr gSA ysfdu eq>s tSusUæth dks
fudV ls ns[kus dk volj feyk Lokeh lR;Hkä
ds vkJe esaA lkxj ftys ds Jh njckjhyky tSu
u flQZ ,d vPNs ys[kd Fks] oju~ Lokèkhurk
laxzke ds vxz.kh dk;ZdrkZvksa esa ls FksA
os Økafrdkjh rcds ls tqM+s jgus ds
ckn xkaèkhoknh gks x,A fQj lR; dh
[kkst esa mUgksaus oèkkZ esa gh lR;kJe
dh LFkkiuk dj yhA viuk uke Hkh Lokeh lR;Hkä
j[k fy;kA mÙkj egkdks'ky ds ge dqN
fo|kFkÊ muls feyus pys tk;k djrs FksA
bl ckj dqN ,slk la;ksx gqvk fd mlh vkJe
esa tSusUæth ls HksaV gks xbZA eSa
dkelZ dk fo|kFkÊ] lkfgR; ij D;k ppkZ
djrkA ;ksa gh viuh i<+Ur o`fÙk
trkus ds fygkt ls 'viuk& viuk HkkX;Ó
rFkk R;kxi= ds ik=ksa dh ppkZ djus yxkA
cgqr lgt Hkko ls os esjh vksj ns[kdj eqLdjk,A
dqN lkekU; ls mÙkj fn,A fQj Lokehth
ls ckr djus esa O;Lr gks x,A ge brus esa
gh eLr gks x, fd tSusUæth ls ckr djus
dk Hkh ekSdk feykA
tSusUæth dks i<+rs jgus dk Øe
rks pkyw jgk ij muds ys[ku dks ysdj tks
cgl 'kq: gqbZ] og esjs iYys ugha iM+hA ,d
rks 'kk;n blfy, fd tSusUæ esjs fç;
ys[kd ds :i esa eu esa çfrf"Br
gks pqds Fks nwljs ;ksa fd eSa i=dkfjrk
esa vk x;kA lkfgR; esa foLrkj ls tkus dk
volj gh ugha jgkA eSaus viuk ;g vKkr dHkh
Nqik;k Hkh ughaA
1959 dh ckr gksxh fd esjs lg;ksxh Jh jrudqekjth
us crk;k fd tSusUæth Hkksiky vk, gq,
gSa] D;ksa u ^uoHkkjr^ esa mUgsa vkeaf=r
fd;k tk,A eè;çns'k u;k gh
xfBr gqvk FkkA geus Hkksiky ds gh ugha]
Hkksiky esa mifLFkr vU; LFkkuksa ds lkfgR;dkjksa
dks Hkh vkeaf=r fd;kA yxHkx rhu ?kaVs ds
bl lkfgR; l= esa tSusUæth ls <sj
lkjs ç'u iwNs x,] 'kadk,a mBk;h x;ha]
cgl gqbZ] cslk[rk vkykspuk Hkh dh x;hA os
'kkar Hkko ls ;FkklaHko lekèkku djrs
jgsA tc eSa mUgsa muds fuokl ij NksMu+s
x;k rks jkLrs esa mUgksaus eq>ls gh iwN
fy;kA ^vki D;k lksprs gSa\^ eSaus lhèkk
lk mÙkj ns fn;k] ^vPNh [kklh ppkZ
gks x;hA yksx bls ;kn j[ksaxsA tgka rd esjs
lksp dh ckr gS esjh le> esa dqN ugha
vk;kA^ os ,dne ekSu gks x,A mUgsa esjk mÙkj
dSlk yxk] eSa D;k dg ldrk gwaA^
bu nks rhu eqykdkrksa ls gh tSusUæth
ls esjs vkReh; fj'rs dk;e gks x,] ;g ugha
dgk tk ldrkA eSa mUgsa i<+rk jgk vkSj
muds lacaèk esa py jgh ppkZ dks Vkyrk
jgkA ysfdu vc ;g t:j dg ldrk gwa fd fiNys
nks rhu o"kksZa esa eSaus mUgsa fudV
ls tkuk gSA eSa fnYyh x;k FkkA dqN fnu iwoZ
gh mudh iRuh dk fuèku gqvk FkkA muds
csVs Jh çnhi dqekj ls esjs ikfjokfjd
tSls lacaèk cu x, FksA LokHkkfod
gh Fkk fd eSa 'kksd& laosnuk O;ä
djus muds fuokl ij x;kA fdrus gh o"kksZa
dk lkFk fcNqM+ tkus ds ckn Hkh eSaus mUgsa
,d fLFkfrçK tSlh eu%fLFkfr esa ns[kkA
vkSipkfjd okrkZ ds i'pkr mUgksaus esjs lacaèk
essa dkQh iwNrkN dhA mUgha fnuksa eè;çns'k
'kklu }kjk jktdh; fo|ky;ksa ds iqLrdky;ksa
ds fy, [kjhnh tkus okyh iqLrdksa dh Ø;&
;kstuk lekIr gqbZ FkhA mUgsa nq[k gqvk fd
^c<+rs gq, ewY;ksa ds bl tekus esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dks lkfgR; ls oafpr j[kk tk jgk gSA i<u+s&
i<+kus esa ;ksa gh #fp de gksrh tk jgh
gSA nwljh rjQ egaxh iqLrdsaA bl fLFkfr esa
,dek= lkèku iqLrdky; gh gks ldrs
gSaA^ eSaus çLrko fd;k fd eè;çns'k
ds eq[;ea=h Jh eksrhyky oksjk rks muls feyrs&
tqyrs jgrs gSa] os çlax vkus ij oksjkth
ls ppkZ djsaA mUgksaus çnhith dh
vksj ns[kk vkSj euk dj fn;kA 'kk;n mudk
vk'k; Fkk fd os Lo;a ;k mudk ifjokj çdk'ku
O;olk; esa gSA ,slh dksbZ flQkfj'k djsaxs
rks 'kk;n O;kolkf;drk dh xaèk vk,xhA
mUgksaus ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ls Hkh esjk ifjp;
djk;kA csVh vkSj cgw us vkfrF; fd;kA fgUnh
fnol ij Hkksiky vkus dk esjk fuea=.k Hkh
mUgksaus Lohdkj dj fy;kA vius gLrk{kj ij
nks iqLrdsa Hkh migkj Lo:i nhaA
fgUnh fnol ds vkSipkfjd dk;ZØe ds
ckn Hkh mUgksaus ge yksxksa ds chp dkQh
le; fcrk;kA ç'uksa ds mÙkj
fn,A ogha iqjkus ç'u vkSj oSls gh
mÙkjA fQj [kcj feyh fd os vpkud vLoLFk
gks x, gSaA fnYyh esa muds fuokl ij x;k
rks ekywe gqvk fd vks[kyk esa mudh fpfdRlk
gks jgh gSA uoEcj ¼1987½ esa
eq>s çnhith dk i= feyk fd os mÙkjksÙkj
LokLF; ykHk dj jgs gSa ijUrq ok.kh ugha
ykSVh gSA
fiNys ikap eghuksa esa eq>s rhu&
pkj ckj fnYyh tkuk iM+kA iwokZsn; çdk'ku
esa igqapk rks crk;k x;k fd tSusUæth
vLirky ls ?kj vk x;s gSaA muds uktqd LokLF;
dks ns[krs gq, dsUæ ljdkj us Hkkjrh
uxj esa muds vkokl dh lqfoèkktud
O;oLFkk dj nh gSA Jh çnhi dqekj Hkh
xkgs cxkgs nwdku ij vkrs gSaA T;knkrj mUgsa
firkJh dh lsok esa jguk iM+rk gSA eè;çns'k
'kklu tu laidZ foHkkx ds vfrfjä lapkyd
Jh jktsUæ feJ ds lkFk eSa Hkkjrh uxj
igqapk rks ekywe gqvk fd tSusUæth
dk LokLF; cgqr vfLFkj py jgk gSA lqcg gh
vLirky ls tkap djkds vk, gSa vkSj 'kk;n
fQj ls ys tkuk iM+sA ok.kh vHkh Hkh vo#)
gSA
cgqr bPNk jgrs gq, Hkh] ge yksx muds d{k
esa ugh vk ldsA çnhi th ls vkxzg
Hkh ugha fd;kA f'kfFkyrk cjrsaxs rks lHkh
vius fç; ys[kd dh ,d >yd ikuk
pkgsaxsA ge ogka ,d ?kaVs ls vfèkd
le; rd cSBsA cgqr ls u,& iqjkus ys[kdksa
dk vkuk&tkuk yxk jgkA lc gh muds LoLFk
gksus dh çkFkZuk dj okil gks x,A
iqLrd esys ds flyflys esa iqu: fnYyh x;k
rks çnhi th ls esyk LFky ij eqykdkr
gks x;hA mUgksaus crk;k fd ok.kh rks vHkh
Hkh ekSu gS fdUrq os ç-fr ls LoLFk
gSaA eSa nwljs fnu fQj igqapkA çnhith
muds d{k esa ys x,A jksx 'kS¸;k ij
mUgsa ns[kdj osnuk gqbZA ftanxh Hkj tks
O;fä dsoy cksyrk jgk gks] mldk daB
#aèk tk, rks [kh> mBuh LokHkkfod
gh gSA tSusUæ th ckydksa tSls vkpj.k
dj jgs FksA FkksM+s FkksM+s varjky ls mudks
pk; pkfg, FkhA larqfyr vkgkj fn, tkus ds
dkj.k os {kqèkk vuqHko dj jgs FksA
fu;af=r lkekU; Hkkstu dh txg fcLdqV nsdj
mudk eu cgyko fd;k tk jgk FkkA
tc eSa mudh 'kS¸;k ds ikl igqapk]
os O;kdqy vèkhj gks jgs Fks Loj ugha]
daB ls vka vka tSlh vkoktA eq>s ns[kk
rks FkksM+s 'kkar gq,A eSaus ç.kke
fd;k rks os igpkuus dh dksf'k'k djrs jgsA
çnhi th us crk;k fd 'ek;kjketh gSa]Ó
rks vpkud mudh Le`fr ykSV lh vk;hA vka vka
ds mlh vankt esa os dqN galrs jgsA tSls
eq>s b'kkjs ls crk;k] 'ifgpku x;k] ifgpku
x;kAÓ os ckj& ckj pk;& fcLdqV
ekax jgs Fks vkSj çnhith rFkk iq=oèkw
mudks Qqlyk& Qqlykdj FkksM+h& FkksM+h
ek=k esa ;g lkexzh mUgsa ns jgs FksA
vçSy ¼19880 esa ,d fnu ds
fy, fQj fnYyh çokl gqvkA dQh
gkml esa vpkud vknj.kh; fo".kq çHkkdj
th ls HksaV gks x;hA dksbZ nks ?kaVs mudk
lkfuè; jgkA mRlqdrko'k eSaus tSusUæth
ds LokLF; dh tkudkjh yh rks çHkkdj
th us crk;k fd 'vc lqèkkj ds y{k.k
lekIr gks x, gSaA le; dkVus tSlh fLFkfr
gSA ftruk oä fudy tk,A^
çHkkdj th ls gh ekywe gqvk fd tSusUæth
us viuh gLrfyfi esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ jpuk
fy[kh gksA ij[k mudh ,dek= -fr gks ldrh
gS tks Lo- Jh _.kHkpj.k tSu ds vkxzg ij
gj lIrkg fy[krs jgs FksA mlds ckn dk lkjk
ys[ku fMDVs'ku ls gqvkA LVsuksxzkQj ;k fy[kus
okys us tks dqN fy[k fn;k mls nksgjk;k Hkh
ughaA tSlk vk;k çsl dks Hkst fn;kA
eSaus iwNk] ^D;k blesa Øe VwVus ;k
okD;ksa ds vLi"V gks tkus dk vans'kk
ugha Fkk\^ çHkkdjth us mÙkj
fn;k] ^D;ksa ugha\ D;k vkius vuqHko ugha
fd;k fd dgha& dgha rkjrE; fc[kjk lk
çrhr gksrk gS\^ tSusUædqekjth
tSls ys[kd ds lacaèk esa eSa ,slh
èk`"Vrk dSls dj ldrk FkkA pqi
yx x;kA
LVs'ku vk jgk Fkk rks tSusUæth esjs
eu efLr"d ij Nk, gq, FksA dkaxzsl ds
bfrgkl dh ,d ?kVuk dk Lej.k gks vk;kA 1922
esa ukxiqj esa >aMk lR;kxzg tksjksa ij
FkkA xkaèkhth dks ckr djus rd dh
Qqjlr ugha FkhA vkSj bèkj i=dkjx.k
{k.k& {k.k dh [kcj pkg jgs FksA ykyk
¼ckn esa egkRek½ Hkxokunhuth
us ;g fLFkfr ns[kh rks vius ;qok Hkkats
tSusUæ dqekj dks ukxiqj cqyk fy;kA
blds ckn çpkj lkexzh] foKfIr;ka vkSj
lekpkj nsus dk nkf;Ro tSusUæth us
laHkky fy;kA eq>s vk'p;Z gksrk gS fd
ml NksVh vk;q esa dSls mUgksaus ;g ftEesnkjh
fuckg yh fd xkaèkh th rd larq"V
jgsA njvly] rc dkaxzsl ds bfrgkl dk u;k
iUuk fy[kk tk jgk FkkA lR;kxzg dk ,slk ns'kO;kih
foLrkj igyh ckj gqvk FkkA cfYd ;ksa dguk
pkfg, fd dkaxzsl vius [kksy ls fudydj ,d
fojkV :i èkkj.k djus dh çfØ;k
esa vk x;h FkhA
eq>s 1941&42 dk Hkh Lej.k vk;kA fgUnqLrkuh
dks jktHkk"kk Lohdkj djkus ds fy, xkaèkhth
us fgUnh ys[kdksa dh ,d cSBd oèkkZ
esa cqykbZ FkhA xkaèkh th us nks
pkj ofj"B yksxksa dks vius ikl fcBk
fy;k FkkA Lo- cukjlhnkl prqoZsnh] Lo- ník
eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr vkfn vkSj tSusUæth
Fks fd xkaèkhth ds vkns'kksa dk nkSM+
& nkSM+ dj ikyu dj jgs FksA xkaèkhth
us fdruk foÜokl fd;k gksxk mu ij\
bu ?kVukvksa ds ifjçs{; esa eSa lksprk
gwa fd tSusUæth dk ;g dFku fd 'eSa
xkaèkhoknh ugha gwaÓ lR; gS
;k ,d Nn~eA ;ksa xf.kr yxk;k tk, rks ;g
fu"d"kZ Hkh fudyrk gS fd ftrus
o"kksZa ls tSusUæ th us dqN ugha
fy[kk] xkaèkhth ds fuèku dks
Hkh mrus gh o"kZ gks x, gSaA xkaèkhokn
tc jktuhfr ra= dk ,d lqyHk çpkj ea=
jg x;k gks rks tSusUæth Hkh xkaèkhoknh
dgykuk ilan u djsa bl laHkkouk ij Hkh fopkj
fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
eSa lksprk gwa fd 40 o"kZ ls ftudh
ys[kuh ekSu gS D;k mudh ok.kh Hkh ekSu gks
tk,xhA dksbZ O;fä lkal ysrk jgs vkSj
Loj foyqIr gks tk,] bl osnuk dk vuqeku dkSu
yxk ldrk gSA
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