29.03.1923 - 31.12.1994
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
^vktdy vki D;k fy[k jgs gSa\^

^eSaus pkyhl o"kZ ls dqN ugha fy[kkA^

^vkidk ys[ku xkaèkhokn ls çHkkfor gSA^

^D;k vki dHkh Hkh oSlk gh lksprs gSa\^

^eSsa xkaèkhoknh ugha gwaA^

cgqr ls ç'uksa esa ls os nks vkSj muds mÙkj ;kn jg x;s gSaA 14 flrEcj 1985 dks fgUnh ds [;kruke jpukdkj tSusUæth eè;çns'k fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu }kjk vk;ksftr fgUnh fnol ij eq[; vfrfFk FksA mifLFkr jpukdkjksa us muls cgqr ç'u fd,A mUgksaus ç'uksa ds vuqlkj laf{kIr ;k foLr`r mÙkj fn,A

esjs lkeus ,d nwljs fo[;kr lkfgfR;d vknj.kh; Jh fo".kq çHkkdj dk ,d i= j[kk gqvk gSA i= ds igys iSjkxzkQ esa gh fy[kk gS] ^yxHkx N: n'kd chr x, tc mUgksaus ¼tSusUæ th us½ dye idM+h FkhA rc ls os fujarj l`tu ds {ks= esa lfØ; jgs gSaA^
ge lc Hkh ;gh ekurs gSa fd Jh tSusUæ dqekj dh ys[kuh lrr py jgh gSA vkSj bèkj tSusUæth gSa tks [kqn dg jgs gSa fd pkyhl lky ls mUgksus dqN ugha fy[kkA tSusUæth us 83 clar ns[k fy, gSaA pkyhl&c;kyhl o"kZ ls dqN u fy[kus dk eryc gqvk fd 42 o"kZ dh vk;q esa gh mUgksaus ys[kuh dks foJke ns fn;kA bldk nwljk i;kZ; ;g Hkh rks gqvk fd mUgksaus lkfgR; l`tu dks ek= 22 o"kZ gh fn,A rc D;k ;g pkSadkus okyk çlax ugha gS fd brus o"kksZa ls dqN u fy[kus okys tSusUædqekj lkfgR; ds flagklu ij vkt Hkh mrus gh çfrf"Br gSa ftrus fd pkj n'kd iwoZ\ 'kk;n ;g lkfgfR;d cgl dk fo"k; gks ldrk gSA eSa mlesa ugha tkuk pkgrkA

tSusUæth dks eSaus i<+k fd'kksjkoLFkk esa ghA ^ukS dgkfu;ka^ uked dFkk laxzg esa mudh ,d jpuk çdkf'kr gqbZ Fkh 'viuk& viuk HkkX;A^ og dgkuh eq>s cgqr Nw x;hA gks ldrk gS fd 'kk;n eSa Hkh oSlh gh fdlh ftanxh ls xqtj jgk FkkA ^viuk& viuk HkkX;^ 'kk;n esjs gh bnZ&fxnZ ?kwe jgh gksA ,d& nks o"kksZa ckn eSa f'k{kk tkjh j[kus ds fy, oèkkZ pyk x;kA ogka jk"VªHkk"kk çpkj lfefr dk iqLrdky; Hkh miyCèk Fkk vkSj foØ; dsUæ HkhA lfefr ds lfpo vknj.kh; Jh HknUrvkuan dkS'kY;k;u us eq>s ^R;kxi= i<u+s dh lykg nhA eSaus ij[k] R;kxi= vkSj dY;k.kh miU;kl [kjhn fy,A R;kxi= ds ik= vHkh Hkh eq>s ltho ls yxrs gSaA fQj çdkf'kr gqvk ^lquhrk^A mls i<+k rks vuqHko gqvk fd tSusUæth us vius ys[ku dh fn'kk gh cny nh gSA cgjgky bruk t:j gqvk fd tSusUæ th ftl rjg vU; ikBdksa ds fç; ys[kd Fks] esjs Hkh gks x,A LokHkkfod Fkk fd dHkh muds n'kZu djus dh ,d vKkr mRlqdrk us Hkh eu esa dksbZ ?kj dj fy;kA

eq>s vfèkd le; rd çrh{kk ugha djuh iM+hA tSusUæth oèkkZ vk, gq, FksA tgka rd eq>s ;kn gS 1941&42 esa xkaèkhth us fgUnqLrkuh dks jktHkk"kk ds :i esa Lohdkj djus ds fy, oèkkZ esa lkfgR;dkjksa dks vkeaf=r fd;k FkkA bl tyls esa fganh ds ewèkZU; jpukdkjksa us Hkkx fy;k FkkA loZJh eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr] fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr] cky-".k 'kekZ 'uohuÓ] lqn'kZu rFkk tSusUædqekj dh mifLFkfr dh eq>s èkqaèkyh& lh Le`fr gSA ysfdu eq>s tSusUæth dks fudV ls ns[kus dk volj feyk Lokeh lR;Hkä ds vkJe esaA lkxj ftys ds Jh njckjhyky tSu u flQZ ,d vPNs ys[kd Fks] oju~ Lokèkhurk laxzke ds vxz.kh dk;ZdrkZvksa esa ls FksA os Økafrdkjh rcds ls tqM+s jgus ds ckn xkaèkhoknh gks x,A fQj lR; dh [kkst esa mUgksaus oèkkZ esa gh lR;kJe dh LFkkiuk dj yhA viuk uke Hkh Lokeh lR;Hkä j[k fy;kA mÙkj egkdks'ky ds ge dqN fo|kFkÊ muls feyus pys tk;k djrs FksA bl ckj dqN ,slk la;ksx gqvk fd mlh vkJe esa tSusUæth ls HksaV gks xbZA eSa dkelZ dk fo|kFkÊ] lkfgR; ij D;k ppkZ djrkA ;ksa gh viuh i<+Ur o`fÙk trkus ds fygkt ls 'viuk& viuk HkkX;Ó rFkk R;kxi= ds ik=ksa dh ppkZ djus yxkA cgqr lgt Hkko ls os esjh vksj ns[kdj eqLdjk,A dqN lkekU; ls mÙkj fn,A fQj Lokehth ls ckr djus esa O;Lr gks x,A ge brus esa gh eLr gks x, fd tSusUæth ls ckr djus dk Hkh ekSdk feykA

tSusUæth dks i<+rs jgus dk Øe rks pkyw jgk ij muds ys[ku dks ysdj tks cgl 'kq: gqbZ] og esjs iYys ugha iM+hA ,d rks 'kk;n blfy, fd tSusUæ esjs fç; ys[kd ds :i esa eu esa çfrf"Br gks pqds Fks nwljs ;ksa fd eSa i=dkfjrk esa vk x;kA lkfgR; esa foLrkj ls tkus dk volj gh ugha jgkA eSaus viuk ;g vKkr dHkh Nqik;k Hkh ughaA

1959 dh ckr gksxh fd esjs lg;ksxh Jh jrudqekjth us crk;k fd tSusUæth Hkksiky vk, gq, gSa] D;ksa u ^uoHkkjr^ esa mUgsa vkeaf=r fd;k tk,A eè;çns'k u;k gh xfBr gqvk FkkA geus Hkksiky ds gh ugha] Hkksiky esa mifLFkr vU; LFkkuksa ds lkfgR;dkjksa dks Hkh vkeaf=r fd;kA yxHkx rhu ?kaVs ds bl lkfgR; l= esa tSusUæth ls <sj lkjs ç'u iwNs x,] 'kadk,a mBk;h x;ha] cgl gqbZ] cslk[rk vkykspuk Hkh dh x;hA os 'kkar Hkko ls ;FkklaHko lekèkku djrs jgsA tc eSa mUgsa muds fuokl ij NksMu+s x;k rks jkLrs esa mUgksaus eq>ls gh iwN fy;kA ^vki D;k lksprs gSa\^ eSaus lhèkk lk mÙkj ns fn;k] ^vPNh [kklh ppkZ gks x;hA yksx bls ;kn j[ksaxsA tgka rd esjs lksp dh ckr gS esjh le> esa dqN ugha vk;kA^ os ,dne ekSu gks x,A mUgsa esjk mÙkj dSlk yxk] eSa D;k dg ldrk gwaA^

bu nks rhu eqykdkrksa ls gh tSusUæth ls esjs vkReh; fj'rs dk;e gks x,] ;g ugha dgk tk ldrkA eSa mUgsa i<+rk jgk vkSj muds lacaèk esa py jgh ppkZ dks Vkyrk jgkA ysfdu vc ;g t:j dg ldrk gwa fd fiNys nks rhu o"kksZa esa eSaus mUgsa fudV ls tkuk gSA eSa fnYyh x;k FkkA dqN fnu iwoZ gh mudh iRuh dk fuèku gqvk FkkA muds csVs Jh çnhi dqekj ls esjs ikfjokfjd tSls lacaèk cu x, FksA LokHkkfod gh Fkk fd eSa 'kksd& laosnuk O;ä djus muds fuokl ij x;kA fdrus gh o"kksZa dk lkFk fcNqM+ tkus ds ckn Hkh eSaus mUgsa ,d fLFkfrçK tSlh eu%fLFkfr esa ns[kkA vkSipkfjd okrkZ ds i'pkr mUgksaus esjs lacaèk essa dkQh iwNrkN dhA mUgha fnuksa eè;çns'k 'kklu }kjk jktdh; fo|ky;ksa ds iqLrdky;ksa ds fy, [kjhnh tkus okyh iqLrdksa dh Ø;& ;kstuk lekIr gqbZ FkhA mUgsa nq[k gqvk fd ^c<+rs gq, ewY;ksa ds bl tekus esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lkfgR; ls oafpr j[kk tk jgk gSA i<u+s& i<+kus esa ;ksa gh #fp de gksrh tk jgh gSA nwljh rjQ egaxh iqLrdsaA bl fLFkfr esa ,dek= lkèku iqLrdky; gh gks ldrs gSaA^ eSaus çLrko fd;k fd eè;çns'k ds eq[;ea=h Jh eksrhyky oksjk rks muls feyrs& tqyrs jgrs gSa] os çlax vkus ij oksjkth ls ppkZ djsaA mUgksaus çnhith dh vksj ns[kk vkSj euk dj fn;kA 'kk;n mudk vk'k; Fkk fd os Lo;a ;k mudk ifjokj çdk'ku O;olk; esa gSA ,slh dksbZ flQkfj'k djsaxs rks 'kk;n O;kolkf;drk dh xaèk vk,xhA mUgksaus ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ls Hkh esjk ifjp; djk;kA csVh vkSj cgw us vkfrF; fd;kA fgUnh fnol ij Hkksiky vkus dk esjk fuea=.k Hkh mUgksaus Lohdkj dj fy;kA vius gLrk{kj ij nks iqLrdsa Hkh migkj Lo:i nhaA

fgUnh fnol ds vkSipkfjd dk;ZØe ds ckn Hkh mUgksaus ge yksxksa ds chp dkQh le; fcrk;kA ç'uksa ds mÙkj fn,A ogha iqjkus ç'u vkSj oSls gh mÙkjA fQj [kcj feyh fd os vpkud vLoLFk gks x, gSaA fnYyh esa muds fuokl ij x;k rks ekywe gqvk fd vks[kyk esa mudh fpfdRlk gks jgh gSA uoEcj ¼1987½ esa eq>s çnhith dk i= feyk fd os mÙkjksÙkj LokLF; ykHk dj jgs gSa ijUrq ok.kh ugha ykSVh gSA

fiNys ikap eghuksa esa eq>s rhu& pkj ckj fnYyh tkuk iM+kA iwokZsn; çdk'ku esa igqapk rks crk;k x;k fd tSusUæth vLirky ls ?kj vk x;s gSaA muds uktqd LokLF; dks ns[krs gq, dsUæ ljdkj us Hkkjrh uxj esa muds vkokl dh lqfoèkktud O;oLFkk dj nh gSA Jh çnhi dqekj Hkh xkgs cxkgs nwdku ij vkrs gSaA T;knkrj mUgsa firkJh dh lsok esa jguk iM+rk gSA eè;çns'k 'kklu tu laidZ foHkkx ds vfrfjä lapkyd Jh jktsUæ feJ ds lkFk eSa Hkkjrh uxj igqapk rks ekywe gqvk fd tSusUæth dk LokLF; cgqr vfLFkj py jgk gSA lqcg gh vLirky ls tkap djkds vk, gSa vkSj 'kk;n fQj ls ys tkuk iM+sA ok.kh vHkh Hkh vo#) gSA

cgqr bPNk jgrs gq, Hkh] ge yksx muds d{k esa ugh vk ldsA çnhi th ls vkxzg Hkh ugha fd;kA f'kfFkyrk cjrsaxs rks lHkh vius fç; ys[kd dh ,d >yd ikuk pkgsaxsA ge ogka ,d ?kaVs ls vfèkd le; rd cSBsA cgqr ls u,& iqjkus ys[kdksa dk vkuk&tkuk yxk jgkA lc gh muds LoLFk gksus dh çkFkZuk dj okil gks x,A

iqLrd esys ds flyflys esa iqu: fnYyh x;k rks çnhi th ls esyk LFky ij eqykdkr gks x;hA mUgksaus crk;k fd ok.kh rks vHkh Hkh ekSu gS fdUrq os ç-fr ls LoLFk gSaA eSa nwljs fnu fQj igqapkA çnhith muds d{k esa ys x,A jksx 'kS¸;k ij mUgsa ns[kdj osnuk gqbZA ftanxh Hkj tks O;fä dsoy cksyrk jgk gks] mldk daB #aèk tk, rks [kh> mBuh LokHkkfod gh gSA tSusUæ th ckydksa tSls vkpj.k dj jgs FksA FkksM+s FkksM+s varjky ls mudks pk; pkfg, FkhA larqfyr vkgkj fn, tkus ds dkj.k os {kqèkk vuqHko dj jgs FksA fu;af=r lkekU; Hkkstu dh txg fcLdqV nsdj mudk eu cgyko fd;k tk jgk FkkA

tc eSa mudh 'kS¸;k ds ikl igqapk] os O;kdqy vèkhj gks jgs Fks Loj ugha] daB ls vka vka tSlh vkoktA eq>s ns[kk rks FkksM+s 'kkar gq,A eSaus ç.kke fd;k rks os igpkuus dh dksf'k'k djrs jgsA çnhi th us crk;k fd 'ek;kjketh gSa]Ó rks vpkud mudh Le`fr ykSV lh vk;hA vka vka ds mlh vankt esa os dqN galrs jgsA tSls eq>s b'kkjs ls crk;k] 'ifgpku x;k] ifgpku x;kAÓ os ckj& ckj pk;& fcLdqV ekax jgs Fks vkSj çnhith rFkk iq=oèkw mudks Qqlyk& Qqlykdj FkksM+h& FkksM+h ek=k esa ;g lkexzh mUgsa ns jgs FksA

vçSy ¼19880 esa ,d fnu ds fy, fQj fnYyh çokl gqvkA d‚Qh gkml esa vpkud vknj.kh; fo".kq çHkkdj th ls HksaV gks x;hA dksbZ nks ?kaVs mudk lkfuè; jgkA mRlqdrko'k eSaus tSusUæth ds LokLF; dh tkudkjh yh rks çHkkdj th us crk;k fd 'vc lqèkkj ds y{k.k lekIr gks x, gSaA le; dkVus tSlh fLFkfr gSA ftruk oä fudy tk,A^

çHkkdj th ls gh ekywe gqvk fd tSusUæth us viuh gLrfyfi esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ jpuk fy[kh gksA ij[k mudh ,dek= -fr gks ldrh gS tks Lo- Jh _.kHkpj.k tSu ds vkxzg ij gj lIrkg fy[krs jgs FksA mlds ckn dk lkjk ys[ku fMDVs'ku ls gqvkA LVsuksxzkQj ;k fy[kus okys us tks dqN fy[k fn;k mls nksgjk;k Hkh ughaA tSlk vk;k çsl dks Hkst fn;kA eSaus iwNk] ^D;k blesa Øe VwVus ;k okD;ksa ds vLi"V gks tkus dk vans'kk ugha Fkk\^ çHkkdjth us mÙkj fn;k] ^D;ksa ugha\ D;k vkius vuqHko ugha fd;k fd dgha& dgha rkjrE; fc[kjk lk çrhr gksrk gS\^ tSusUædqekjth tSls ys[kd ds lacaèk esa eSa ,slh èk`"Vrk dSls dj ldrk FkkA pqi yx x;kA

LVs'ku vk jgk Fkk rks tSusUæth esjs eu efLr"d ij Nk, gq, FksA dkaxzsl ds bfrgkl dh ,d ?kVuk dk Lej.k gks vk;kA 1922 esa ukxiqj esa >aMk lR;kxzg tksjksa ij FkkA xkaèkhth dks ckr djus rd dh Qqjlr ugha FkhA vkSj bèkj i=dkjx.k {k.k& {k.k dh [kcj pkg jgs FksA ykyk ¼ckn esa egkRek½ Hkxokunhuth us ;g fLFkfr ns[kh rks vius ;qok Hkkats tSusUæ dqekj dks ukxiqj cqyk fy;kA blds ckn çpkj lkexzh] foKfIr;ka vkSj lekpkj nsus dk nkf;Ro tSusUæth us laHkky fy;kA eq>s vk'p;Z gksrk gS fd ml NksVh vk;q esa dSls mUgksaus ;g ftEesnkjh fuckg yh fd xkaèkh th rd larq"V jgsA njvly] rc dkaxzsl ds bfrgkl dk u;k iUuk fy[kk tk jgk FkkA lR;kxzg dk ,slk ns'kO;kih foLrkj igyh ckj gqvk FkkA cfYd ;ksa dguk pkfg, fd dkaxzsl vius [kksy ls fudydj ,d fojkV :i èkkj.k djus dh çfØ;k esa vk x;h FkhA

eq>s 1941&42 dk Hkh Lej.k vk;kA fgUnqLrkuh dks jktHkk"kk Lohdkj djkus ds fy, xkaèkhth us fgUnh ys[kdksa dh ,d cSBd oèkkZ esa cqykbZ FkhA xkaèkh th us nks pkj ofj"B yksxksa dks vius ikl fcBk fy;k FkkA Lo- cukjlhnkl prqoZsnh] Lo- ník eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr vkfn vkSj tSusUæth Fks fd xkaèkhth ds vkns'kksa dk nkSM+ & nkSM+ dj ikyu dj jgs FksA xkaèkhth us fdruk foÜokl fd;k gksxk mu ij\

bu ?kVukvksa ds ifjçs{; esa eSa lksprk gwa fd tSusUæth dk ;g dFku fd 'eSa xkaèkhoknh ugha gwaÓ lR; gS ;k ,d Nn~eA ;ksa xf.kr yxk;k tk, rks ;g fu"d"kZ Hkh fudyrk gS fd ftrus o"kksZa ls tSusUæ th us dqN ugha fy[kk] xkaèkhth ds fuèku dks Hkh mrus gh o"kZ gks x, gSaA xkaèkhokn tc jktuhfr ra= dk ,d lqyHk çpkj ea= jg x;k gks rks tSusUæth Hkh xkaèkhoknh dgykuk ilan u djsa bl laHkkouk ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

eSa lksprk gwa fd 40 o"kZ ls ftudh ys[kuh ekSu gS D;k mudh ok.kh Hkh ekSu gks tk,xhA dksbZ O;fä lkal ysrk jgs vkSj Loj foyqIr gks tk,] bl osnuk dk vuqeku dkSu yxk ldrk gSA