ckr 'kk;n 1947 dh gSA eSa fiifj;k ls ukxiqj tk jgk FkkA rhljs ntZs esa Hkh mu fnuksa bl rjg dh HkhM+HkkM+ ugha gqvk djrh Fkh vkSj u rc Lyhij@cFkZ tSlh gh dksbZ lqfoèkk miyCèk FkhA fMCcs esa ge 5&7 ;k=h gh FksA eSa ns[krk tk jgk Fkk fd dqN LVs'kuksa ij gekjs ,d lg;k=h dks yksx yxkrkj 'dkdkÓ uked ;g lTtu Hkh 'kk;n ukxiqj gh tk jgs gksaA tks muls ckr dj ysrk mls rks os mÙkj ns nsrs vU;Fkk pqi gh cSBs FksA u rks eq>ls ckr u fdlh vU; ;k=h lsA ;g 'kkafr eq>s gh Hkax djuh iM+hA vius fyckl ls rks os laHkzkar yx gh jgs Fks fdUrq iwNrkN ij irk pyk fd os Jh dk'kh çlkn ikaMs] ,e-,y-,- gSaA

v[kckj esa dke djus ds ukrs Jh dk'khçlkn ikaMs ds uke ls rks ifjfpr Fkk gh] vkt muls vkeuk& lkeuk Hkh gks x;kA okLro esa 1946 esa jkT; foèkkulHkk ds pquko ds flyflys esa ikaM+sth us ,d bfrgkl gh jp Mkyk FkkA bl ys[k esa bl ?kVuk dk ftØ Hkh d:axkA fQygky ikaMsth ds ckjs esa FkksM+h lh i`"BHkwfe ls ifjfpr gksuk Hkh t:jh gSA
yxkrkj 52 o"kZ rd lalnh; thou fcrkus okys yksxksa dks vaxqfy;ksa ij fxuk tk ldrk gSA fons'kksa esa Hkh ,sls mnkgj.k de gh feyrs gSa rFkkfi ogka ;g ijaijk t:j gS fd ,d ckj laln esa vk x, rks vkthou og fuokZpu {ks= mudk gh eku fy;k x;kA gkj&thr vyx ckr gSA gekjs ;gka Hkh ,sls dqN yksx <wa<s tk ldrs gSaA mM+hlk ds Jh foÜoukFk nkl rks mu O;fä;ksa esa ls gSa tks foèkkulHkk rFkk laln esa le;& le; ij vius jkT; dk çfrfufèkRo djrs jgs gSaA 50 o"kZ iwjs djus ij os lEekfur Hkh fd, x, FksA vkaèkz ds çks- ,u-th- jaxk us Hkh esjs [;ky ls ,slk gh dqN fjdkMZ cuk;k gSA eè;çns'k esa nks O;fä ,sls gq, tks fujarj yksdlHkk rFkk foèkkulHkk ds lnL; fuokZfpr gksrs jgsA ;g la;ksx Hkh nsf[k, fd nksuksa gh tcyiqj ftys ds gSaA ,d rks gSa lsB xksfoUnnklth tks 1923 ls fujarj dsUæh; èkkjklHkk ¼rc yksdlHkk dk ;gh uke Fkk½ ds lnL; pqus tkrs jgsA ;g Øe 1976 esa muds fuèku ls gh VwVkA nwljs gSa Jh dk'khçlkn ikaMsA ikaMsth 1920 esa çkarh; èkkjklHkk ¼tc foèkkulHkk½ ds fy, igyh ckj fuokZfpr gq, rFkk 1972 rd foèkk;d cus jgsA ,d gh laLFkk esa brus o"kksZa rd lnL; fuokZfpr gksrs jgus dk ;g dhfrZeku nqyZHk gh gSA

Vªsu esa ikaMsth ls ifjp; gqvk] og muds fuèku rd -<+rj gksrk x;kA yxHkx 40 o"kZ rd muls varjax lacaèk jgsA esjs firk dh vk;q ds gksrs gq, Hkh ikaMsth rFkk esjs chp esa u rks dksbZ yksdkpkj vk;k vkSj u nqjkoA yxkrkj 1920 ls foèkk;d gksrs gq, Hkh os dHkh eaf=eaMy ds lnL; ugha gks ldsA vk'p;Z ;g Hkh gS fd dHkh bUgsa bldk eksg rd ugha gqvkA gka] 1967 esa t#j os foèkkulHkk ds vè;{k fuokZfpr gq,A nqHkkZX;o'k bl in ls Hkh mUgsa og ;'k ugha feyk ftlds os vfèkdkjh FksA brus nh?kZ le; rd foèkk;d cus jgus ds dkj.k gh yksx mUgsa 'dkdkÓ lacksèku nsus yxs gksaxs] ;g esjk vuqeku gSA oSls tgka rd eq>s Lej.k gS lcls igys neksg ds foèkk;d Lo- Jh gjh'kpan ekjksBh us gh 1946 esa mUgsa ^dkdk^ dgdj lacksfèkr fd;k FkkA

1946 esa dkaxzsl çR;k'kh cudj dkdk ikaMs us lpeqp gh bfrgkl dh jpuk dj nh FkhA gqvk ;g fd çns'k lalnh; eaMy us muds uke dh flQkfj'k gh ugha dhA ;g ?kks"k.kk dqN bl rjg ls xqIr j[kh x;h fd ;fn çns'k dkaxzsl ds fu.kZ; ds f[kykQ dksbZ v-Hkk- dkaxzsl desVh esa vihy djuk pkgs rks le; ugha jgsA iqjkus eè;çns'k esa mu fnuksa rhu çns'k dkaxzsl desfV;ka gqvk djrh FkhaA vdksyk] vejkorh] ;oreky rFkk cqy<kuk ftyksa ds fy, fonHkZ çknsf'kd] ukxiqj] oèkkZ] pkank ¼vc paæiqj½ rFkk HkaMkjk ftyksa ds fy, ukxiqj çknsf'kd rFkk 'ks"k 14 fgUnh Hkk"kh ftyksa ds fy, egkdks'ky çknsf'kd dkaxzsl desVhA egkdks'ky çk- dka- desVh dk nrj tcyiqj esa gqvk djrk FkkA

dkdk ikaMs dkQh lqf'kf{kr O;fä FksA ;ksa rks os bykgkckn& okjk.klh ds vklikl ds jgus okys Fks fdUrq muds llqj jk;cgknqj ia- fo".kqnÙk 'kqDy dks dksbZ vkSj iq#"k larku u gksus ds dkj.k os flgksjk ¼tcyiqj½ esa gh cl x, FksA oSls mudh f'k{kk nh{kk bykgkckn esa gh gqbZ FkhA ,e-,-] ,y-,y-ch- rd egkeuk enueksgu ekyoh; dk mUgsa lkfUuè; çkIr FkkA oLrqr% mUgksaus dqN le; rd lj lh-ok;- fparkef.k ds usr`Ro esa vius le; ds lqçfl) vaxzsth nSfud ^yhMj^ ds laikndh; foHkkx esa dke Hkh fd;k FkkA Lo;a ia- fo".kqnÙk 'kqDy dksbZ NksVs& eksVs O;fä ugha FksA mudh lsokvksa ds fy, mUgsa fczfV'k 'kklu us jk;cgknqjh dk f[krkc fn;k ysfdu os okLro esa Fks jk"Vªoknh ghA flgksjk esa LFkkfir ØkLFkosV dksvkijsfVo cSad eè;çns'k dk igyk lgdkjh cSad FkkA mu fnuksa lgdkjh laLFkkvksa dk ;qx 'kq: ugha gqvk FkkA blfy, çFke lgdkjh cSad dh LFkkiuk ls iwjs ns'k esa lgdkjh laLFkkvksa dk lw=ikr gqvk FkkA

1919 ds Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e ds varxZr ¼'kk;n ekaVsX;w&psElQksMZ lqèkkj vk;ksx dh flQkfj'k ij½ 1920 esa çkarh; èkkjk lHkk ds pquko gq, rFkk dkdk ikaMs igyh ckj foèkk;d fuokZfpr gq,A ;g Øe Lokèkhurk laxzke ds nkSjku VwVrk& curk jgk fdUrq muds fuokZpu {ks= ls lnk os gh fot;h gq,A 1930& 31 ls rks mudh tsy ;k=k Hkh 'kq: gks x;h FkhA 1946 esa çns'k dkaxzsl desVh us vpkud mudk uke dkV fn;kA dVuh& flgksjk {ks= ls ¼'kk;n½ Jh bZÜojh çlkn [kEikfj;k dks çR;k'kh ?kksf"kr djus ls nksuksa gh rglhyksa dh turk esa ,d gypy lh ep x;hA çR;kf'k;ksa dh ?kks"k.kk esa xksiuh;rk cjrus ds dkj.k vihy djus rd dk le; fudy x;kA fdlh dks dksbZ [kcj gh ugha nh x;hA 26 o"kZ rd foèkk;d jgus ds ckn vdkj.k fVfdV dV tkuk nq[kn vuqHko rks Fkk ghA ikaMsth ds ikl dksbZ pkjk ugha FkkA os egkeuk ekyoh; th ds ikl igqapsA ekyoh; th jk"Vªoknh gksrs gq, Hkh dkaxzsl dh jktuhfr ls gV pqds FksA dkaxzslkè;{k ekSykuk vcqy dyke vktkn ls muds lacaèk Bhd&Bkd ugha FksA fQj Hkh mUgksaus dkdk ikaMs dks Lo- jQh vgen fdnobZ ls feyus dh lykg nh] mu ij i= Hkh fn;kA ;g 'kk;n Bhd gh lykg FkhA eè;çns'k dh jktuhfr esa jQh lkgc dksbZ otunkj O;fä ugha ekus tkrs FksA okLro esa 'kqDyth& feJth rFkk xksfoUnnklth ds f=xqV dks usg: fojksèkh gh ekuk tkrk FkkA ;s yksx ljnkj iVsy ds djhc FksA jktuSfrd rkSj ij jQh lkgc dks ;ksa dksbZ fnypLih Hkh ugha gks ldrh Fkh eè;çns'k esaA mUgsa ;w-ih- esa jktf"kZ VaMu ls lqy>us esa gh dkQh le; nsuk iM+rk FkkA fQj Hkh ikaMsth dk dsl le>dj mUgsa yxk fd muds lkFk vU;k; fd;k x;k gS] blfy, mUgksaus dkaxzslkè;{k ¼rc jk"Vªifr½ ekSykuk vktkn ds uke ,d i= nsdj ikaMsth dks dydÙkk Hkst fn;kA tc ekSykuk lkgc dks lkjk ektjk le> vk x;k rks mUgksaus dkaxzslkè;{k ds ukrs ikaMsth dh vihy Lohdkj dj tcyiqj ds fjVfuZax vkQhlj dks i= fy[k fn;k fd ikaMsth gh dkaxzsl ds vfèk-r çR;k'kh gSaA mUgsa dkaxzsl dk pquko fpUg ¼mu fnuksa çR;sd mEehnokj dh vyx erisVh gqvk djrh FkhA dkaxzsl mEehnokj dk lQsn½ fn;k tk;sA

cl] ;gha ls bfrgkl dh jpuk 'kq: gqbZA okLro esa dkaxzsl gkbZdeku us ?kksf"kr dj fn;k Fkk fd vc ;w-ih- ds vykok fdlh vkSj çkar dh lwph ij iqufoZpkj ugha fd;k tk,xkA ekSykuk ds bl fu.kZ; ls bl ?kks"k.kk dh vogsyuk gks xbZ rFkk ljnkj iVsy fo'ks"k :i ls ukjkt gq,A ljnkj dks ia- nqxkZ'kadj esgrk ds ekè;e ls igys gh vuqdwy dj fy;k x;k FkkA esgrkth us Jh dk'khçlkn ikaMs dks vfLFkj] egRokdka{kh] ea=h in dh gksM+ esa jgus okyk vkfn fo'ks"k.kksa ls lacksfèkr djrs gq, i= ljnkj dks igys gh fy[k fn;k FkkA fQj ia- jfo 'kadj 'kqDy rFkk çdkjkUrj ls ia- }kjdkçlkn feJ us Hkh ml i= dh iqf"V dj nhA ;g Hkh iDdk dj fy;k x;k fd vc lh-ih- ,.M cjkj ¼;kuh fd iqjkuk eè;çns'k½ dh lwph esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha fd;k tk,xkA

ikaMsth dks çR;k'kh cuk nsus ij ljnkj iVsy us ekSykuk ls viuh ukjktxh tkfgj dhA ckr ;gka rd c<+h fd ljnkj us dkaxzslkè;{k ds vfèkdkj dks pqukSrh nsrs gq, i= fy[kk fd og ikfyZ;kesaVjh cksMZ ds lkewfgd fu.kZ; ls Åij ugha gSA ljnkj us ikfyZ;kesaVjh cksMZ ls LrhQk nsus dk Hkh fu'p; dj fy;kA ekSykuk lkgc rFkk ljnkj esa dkQh yack i=kpkj gqvkA njvly] tc ljnkj lkgc dks crk;k x;k fd ikaMsth dh vihy ij egkdks'ky çns'k dkaxzsl desVh ls ikap fnu ds Hkhrj iwjk fjdkMZ ekaxk x;k Fkk rkfd lPpkbZ dks ij[kk tk ldsA ijUrq egkdks'ky dkaxzsl us og rkj gh nck fn;kA dksbZ mÙkj Hkstuk rks nwjA bl çlax dks ysdj ekSykuk lkgc rFkk ljnkj ds chp njkj vkSj pkSM+h gks x;h ceqf'dy ;g çdj.k lekIr gqvkA

tgka rd eSa tkurk gwa] dkdk ikaMs foèkk;d cus jgus ls vfèkd vkSj dksbZ vkdka{kk ugha j[krs FksA lgdkjh laLFkkvksa esa os Åaps inksa ij gh ugha Fks] cgqr lEekuuh; Hkh FksA okLro esa mUgsa eè;çns'k esa lgdkfjrk dk tud dgk tkrk gSA tgka rd ea=h cuus dh mudh egRokdka{kk dk ç'u gS] eq>s ekywe gS fd dHkh mUgksaus blds fy, dksbZ ç;kl ugha fd;kA 1952 esa rks Jh jkexksiky th ekgsÜojh rFkk eSa mUgsa eaf=eaMy ds xBu ds le; ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy ds fuokl rd NksM+ vk, rkfd os 'kqDyth ls vius ckjs esa ppkZ dj ldsaA ijUrq dksbZ vkèkk ?kaVs ckn gh os fjD'kk ysdj fQj uo&Hkkjr ds nrj esa vk x,A tc geus muls iwNrkN dh rks cksys] 'ekgsÜojhth] ;g tatky vius ls ugha gksrkA D;k 'kqDyth esjh ik=rk ;k ;ksX;rk ls ifjfpr ugha gSa tks eaS nj[kkLr ysdj muds vkxs&ihNs ?kwerk fQ:aAÓ ge yksxksa us le> fy;k fd dkdk dks jktuhfr ds orZeku xqj le>k lduk dfBu gSA os tgka gSa Bhd gSaA

bruk gh ugha 1958 esa tc u, eè;çns'k dkaxzsl desVh ds pquko gksus yxs rks eSaus cgqr ç;Ru fd;k fd dkdk vè;{k in ds mEehnokj gks tk,aA mUgsa ysdj eSa dkaxzsl dh vksj ls jeiqjk& Hkkuiqjk esa vk;ksftr iksfyfVdy dkUÝsal esa Hkh x;kA ogka v-Hkk-dka- d- ds egklfpo Jh eUukjk;.kth Hkh vk, gq, FksA dkdk dks muls Hkh feyok;k vkSj eq[;ea=h M‚- dkVtw ls HkhA ysfdu gksrk ;gh jgk fd eqíbZ lqLr] xokg pqLrA dkdk us u rks vius fy, dksbZ igy dh u fdlh ls ckrphrA dksbZ nwljk D;k ne ekjrkA egar y{ehukjk;.k nkl ds uke ij M‚- dkVtw ia- }kjdkçlkn feJ rFkk Jh ewypan ns'kysgjk dk çLrko dkjxj gqvkA dkdk us uke gh çLrkfor ugha gksus fn;kA bankSj esa reke v[kckj okyksa ls mUgsa feyokuk vkSj Hkksiky esa v[kckjh çpkj lc èkjk jg x;kA

;ksa Hkh 1952 esa Jh eUukjk;.kth ds ekè;e ls rFkk 1957 esa M‚- dkVtw ls dkdk dks eaf=eaMy esa 'kkfey djkus ds ç;kl vlQy gks tkus ds ckn cgqr dqN djus dks ugha jg x;k Fkk] fQj Hkh ;g lkspdj fd ikaMsth ds uke ij 'kk;n lgefr gks tk,A eSaus çns'k dkaxzslkè;{k ds fy, mudk uke mNkyk FkkA fLFkfr 1967 esa tkdj i{k esa gqbZA Jh }kjdk çlkn feJ us ia- dqathyky nqcs dks eaf=eaMy esa ys fy;k rFkk vius iqjkus fojksèkh Jh dk'khçlkn ikaMs dks foèkkulHkk dk vè;{k cuok fn;kA 1967 esa gh ny cny ds dkj.k feJth dh ljdkj fxj x;hA feJth dk vHkh Hkh ;gh [;ky gS fd ;fn foèkkulHkkè;{k ikaMsth pkgrs rks dkaxzsl ljdkj dks cpk;k tk ldrk FkkA feJth us dqathyky nqcs ds }kjk foèkkulHkk esa gh ikaMsth dks ;g lq>ko fn;k Fkk fd os nks& rhu fnu ds fy, foèkkulHkk dh cSBd LFkfxr dj nsaA ,d& nks dkaxzsl foèkk;dksa us vè;{k dks fy[kdj Hkh fn;k Fkk fd jktekrk Xokfy;j us mudh ?ksjkcanh dj j[kh gS blfy, os viuh bPNk ls ernku ugha dj ik jgs gSa rFkk dqN foèkk;dksa dks rks foèkkulHkk esa gh Jh xksfoUnukjk;.k flag rFkk muds lkfFk;ksa }kjk dkaxzsl ds fo#) ?klhVk tk jgk FkkA feJth dh jk; gS fd vfLFkjrk ds bl okrkoj.k dks i{k esa ykus ds fy, ikaMs th lgk;d gks ldrs FksA

ikaMsth dh eqf'dy ;g Fkh fd eè;çns'k ds igys gh gfj;k.kk rFkk mÙkjçns'k dh ljdkjsa fxj pqdh Fkha] ogka dh fLFkfr Hkh yxHkx blh rjg FkhA eè;çns'k esa tc fLFkfr laHkkyuh pkfg, Fkh] rc rks feJth ekSu jgs] tc ckr dkcw ds ckgj gks x;h rks foèkkulHkk LFkfxr djus dh lykg nh tk jgh gSA bls dSls Lohdkj dj fy;k tk,A 35&36 foèkk;dksa ds ny&cny ls feJ ljdkj dk iru gks x;kA jktuhfr ds mrkj& p<+ko ds bl çlax ij eSa Hkksiky igqap tkÅa ;g LokHkkfod gh FkkA eSa vDlj dkdk ikaMs ds ;gka gh Bgjrk FkkA bl ckj ogha Bgjuk vkSj t:jh gks x;kA

dkaxzsl ljdkj fxjus dk nq[k dkdk ikaMs dks u gks ,slh ckr ugha Fkh] ysfdu os ,slk dksbZ dke Hkh ugha dj ldrs Fks tks Hkfo"; esa mudh dk;Z{kerk ij ykaNu cu tkrkA nwljs fnu os vè;{k in ls R;kxi= nsus dk eu cuk pqds FksA dkdk us tc esjh jk; tkuuk pkgh rks lykg ;gh gqbZ fd D;ksa u mÙkjçns'k ds vè;{k Jh txnh'k vxzoky ls ckr dj yh tk,A Jh vxzoky us lykg nh fd os R;kxi= rks ns nsa] laHko gS fd ubZ ljdkj mls Lohdkj u djsA mÙkjçns'k esa Hkh mUgksaus ,slk gh fd;k FkkA dkdk us Hkh oSlk gh fd;kA uofuokZfpr eq[;ea=h Jh xksfoUnukjk;.k flag us dgk fd mUgsa ikaMsth ij iwjk foÜokl gS] bLrhQs dh dksbZ t:jr ughaA

ikaMsth Lihdj rks cus jgs fdUrq feJth ds eu ls ;g Qkal ugha fudyhA 1972 esa dkaxzsl çR;kf'k;ksa ds p;u esa feJth dh jk; dks dkQh otu fn;k x;kA dkdk ikaMs dk fVfdV dV x;kA tks bPNk 1946 esa iwjh ugha gks ldh] 26 lky ckn 1972 esa Qy x;hA
Jh dk'kh çlkn ikaMs vius O;kogkfjd thou esa cgqr lknxh cjrus okys O;fä FksA os o"kksZa rd visDl cSad ds vè;{k jgs vkSj 5 o"kZ rd foèkkulHkkè;{k Hkh] fdUrq eSaus muds jgu& lgu esa dksbZ rM+d& HkM+d ugha ns[khA tc rd foèkk;d jgs rks Hkksiky esa foèkk;d foJkex`g ds vius dejs esa Bgjs vkSj mlds ckn cSad ds xsLV gkmluqek ,d NksVs ls dejs esaA vius dk;Zdky esa mUgksaus cSad ds fy, dksbZ xsLV gkml tSlk u rks Hkou cuok;k vkSj u fdjk, dh dksbZ bekjr yhA cSad ;k foèkkulHkk ds vè;{k ds ukrs fons'k tkus ds voljksa dk Hkh mUgksaus dksbZ ykHk ugha mBk;kA eè;çns'k ls ckgj ;fn 'kkldh; o cSad ds dke ls Hkh tkuk iM+k rks rhu ;k ikap flrkjk gksVyksa ij mUgksaus viO;; ugha fd;kA dHkh& dHkkj eSaus dg gh fn;k fd vius in ds eqrkfcd FkksM+h 'kku& 'kkSdr rks fn[kkuh gh pkfg, rks mÙkj feyk fd D;k ljdkj ;k cSad ds ikl turk dk Qkyrw iSlk vkrk gS ftls vius Åij mM+k;k tk,A lp rks ;g gS fd os cSad ds iSls dks Hkh viuh O;fäxr èkjksgj ds :i esa ns[krs FksA

eSaus og -"; Hkh ns[kk gS fd lapkyd eaMy esa cSad ds muds lkFkh lkekU; lqfoèkk,a çkIr u djk, tkus ds dkj.k vlarks"k tkfgj djrs FksA ijUrq tc os Lo;a gh dksbZ viO;; u djsa rks nwljs lkFkh dj gh D;k ldrs Fks] dlelk ds jg tkrs FksA brus yacs vlZs rd cSad ds loZslokZ jgus ds ckotwn dHkh mu ij dksbZ vkjksi ugha yxk;k tk ldkA mudh fu"Bk rFkk bZekunkjh lansg ds ijs jghA

1952 dk ,d fdLlk eq>s ;kn vkrk gSA u, lafoèkku ds varxZr vke pquko gq, FksA tuçfrfufèk vfèkfu;e ds rgr foèkk;d çR;k'kh lk<+s lkr gtkj #i, vius pquko esa [kpZ dj ldrk FkkA ftl fnu bysD'ku fjVUlZ nkf[ky djkus dk le; vk;k rks os eq>s Hkh vius lkFk ftykè;{k dk;kZy; ys x,A eSaus fjVUlZ ns[kha rks vk'p;Zpfdr jg x;kA ek= 1150-00 #- dhA eSaus dgk fd ^bruh de jkf'k esa pquko yM+k gh ugha tk ldrkA vki T;knk jde dh fjVUlZ Hkjsa ojuk blh eqís ij vki pquko ;kfpdk gkj tk,axsA^ ijUrq dkdk ikaMs vfopy jgsA cksys] ^;s fjVuZ Hkh >wBh gSA lPpkbZ rks ;g gS fd bruh jkf'k Hkh [kpZ ugha gqbZA^ dksbZ bl ckr ij foÜokl dj ldrk gS\ ijUrq ikaMs th dk rdZ fcydqy vyx FkkA

^HkbZ] lp ckr ;gh gS fd bruk Hkh [kpZ ugha gqvkA u eksVj u iksLVjA eSa vkSj fo'kq) ¼ikaMsth ds dfu"B iq= Jh fo'kq)kuan ikaMs½ >ksyk yVdkdj xkao& xkao in;k=k djrs jgsA lu~ 20 ls pquko yM+ jgk gwa rc Hkh D;k yksx eq>s tkurs ugha gSa\^

^dkdk] vkidks lc tkurs gksaxsA ysfdu pquko& pquko gksrk gSA nwljs gkFk [kksydj iSlk yqVk,axs rks vkidk dke fcuk FkSyh [kksys dSls pyrk gksxk\^

^rqe rks ew[kZ gksA vjs HkkbZ] yksxksa us oksV Hkh fn;k vkSj pj.k Nwdj uksV Hkh fn;kA^

ckr ;g gS fd dkdk ikaMs vius pquko {ks= esa nkekn ds :i esa gh iwts tkrs FksA vc ¼jk;cgknqj fo".kqnÙk 'kqDy ds½ nkekn ls dksbZ iSlk dSls ys ldrk gSA nkekn ekudj p<+ksÙkjh dh lks vyx] oksV rks nsuk gh FkkA Hkkjrh; laL-fr dh ;g ijaijk vc dgka ns[kus dks feysxh fd ,d dk nkekn rks iwjs xkao dk nkeknA csVh ds xkao ds dq,a dk ikuh ihuk rd ftl laL-fr esa oftZr gks] ogka ikaMsth dks er [kjhnus dh t:jr gh D;ksa iM+sA dkdk dk rdZ vc tkdj esjh le> esa vk;kA bysD'ku fjVUlZ nkf[ky djuk ,d dkuwuh etcwjh Fkh] dqN rks crkuk gh iM+rkA oSls dkdk ds dFkukuqlkj rks bl pquko esa mudh nkekn& nf{k.kk [kpZ ls vfèkd HkjikbZ dj x;hA

vius foèkku&lHkkè;{k dky esa dkdk us ,d vthcksxjhc felky dk;e dhA jktekrk flafèk;k us dkaxzslh foèkk;dksa dk ny cny rks djk fy;k] ysfdu eq[;ea=h ia- }kjdkçlkn feJ ls os Hk;kØkUr jghaA foèkk;dksa dks fnYyh dh lSj djkds os ldq'ky ykSVk ys vk;haA Mj ;gh Fkk fd feJth bu foèkk;dksa dks rksM+ u ysaA mUgksaus foèkkulHkk vè;{k ls xqgkj dh fd mUgsa dkaxzsl ls ny cnydj vk, foèkk;dksa dh lqj{kk ds ckjs esa lansg gSA dkdk ikaMs dk ;g dksbZ dkuwuh mÙkjnkf;Ro ugha FkkA ftuds foèkk;d gSa os laHkkysaA ijUrq dkdk us mu 35 foèkk;dksa dks vius fuokl ij jkf= foJke djus dh lqfoèkk nsdj vHk; fn;kA ;s foèkk;d dkdk ds f[kjds esa Hkjrh dj }kj ij igjk yxk fn;k x;k fd dksbZ vU; dkaxzslh ;k ea=h vanj u ?kqlus ik,A

eSa bl fnu tcyiqj esa FkkA tkus fdlus feJth ls dg fn;k fd bl ekSds ij eSa Hkksiky esa gksrk] rks 'kk;n dqN dke vkrkA feJth us eq>s vtZquflag th ls Qksu djk;k fd eaS rRdky Hkksiky igqapwaA esjs ikl mu fnuksa dkj oxSjgk dqN Fkh ugha] eSa Vªsu ls gh x;kA ijUrq tc rd igqapk] foèkk;d x.k ikaMsth ds fuokl ls vius fxjksg esa okil pys x, FksA ;fn Qksu tkrk] rc Hkh ;g fuf'pr gS fd eSa Hkh vè;{k fuokl esa ços'k ugha dj ldrk FkkA dkdk dqN blh rjg ds ftíh vkneh FksA bl ?kVuk ls {kqCèk gksdj ,d ofj"B dkaxzslh us rks eq>ls ;g rd dg fn;k fd ikaMs th dks jktekrk us yach jde ns nh FkhA eSa tkurk gwa fd ;g vkjksi fdruk cscqfu;kn vkSj eux<ar gSA ijUrq f[kfl;kuh fcYyh dks [kaHkk ukspus ls dkSu jksd ldrk gSA

1946 ls 1985A yxHkx pkyhl o"kZ eq>s dkdk ikaMs dk vkReh; Lusg feykA eSaus ;g Hkh vuqHko fd;k fd ,d Hkjs ifjokj esa Hkh os vius vkidks vdsyk ikrs FksA yxkrkj ,d O;Lr thouA 1920 ls jktuhfr esa lfØ; vkSj 1930 ls lR;kxzg ds flikghA ?kj ls cgqr eksgek;k ughaA yxHkx 40 o"kZ dh vk;q esa gh iRuh fcNksg ds ckn 'kk;n jgh lgh eerk Hkh VwV x;hA eq>s ;kn ugha vkrk fd fo'kq)kuan ds vykok dHkh mUgksaus vius vU; csVksa ds ckjs esa eq>ls dksbZ xaHkhj ppkZ dh gksA fo'kq)kuan ds lacaèk esa os fpafrr Hkh jgrs Fks vkSj 'kk;n ogh muds lcls T;knk utnhd Hkh FksA

eq>s ;g Hkh ;kn ugha vkrk fd dHkh mUgksaus vius fy, ;k vius csVksa ds fy, fdlh ls dksbZ flQkfj'k dh gksA dHkh ,slk dksbZ çlax vk;k Hkh rks eq> ij NksM+ fn;kA muds cM+s csVs ¼vkRekuan½ dh dqN clsa Hkh pyrh FkhaA ,d :V ij muds ekek ls gh mudh LièkkZ Fkh 'kk;nA dkdk ikaMs dh vkKk gqbZ fd vkj-Vh-vks- Jh ch-ih- mikè;k; ls eSa gh ckr d:aA os esjs lkFk vkj-Vh-vks- nrj tkus dks Hkh rS;kj ugha gq,A blh rjg taxyh tkuojksa ls Qly dh j{kk ds fy, ,d canwd ykblsal dh t:jr gqbZ rks og dke Hkh esjs ftEesA ckr ;g ugha fd os dgsa vkSj dksbZ dke u gksA ijUrq ,d LokHkkfod ladkspA vius fy, ftanxh esa dHkh fdlh ls dksbZ ;kpuk ugha dh] vc csVksa ds fy, nrjksa ds pDdj yxkuk mUgsa Lohdkj ugha FkkA

1958 esa eSaus uo&Hkkjr ls R;kxi= ns fn;kA eq>s vkSj esjs ifjtuksa dks esjs Hkfo"; dh fpark gks tk,] ;g rks LokHkkfod gh FkkA tks nks vkReh;tu vR;fèkd ijs'kku gq, os gSa Jh dk'khçlkn ikaMs rFkk Bkdqj fujatu flagA dkdk us gh eq>s crk;k fd os dHkh u rks vius ifjokj ds u fdlh fe= ds ckjs esa brus vfèkd O;xz ;k mf}Xu jgsA R;kxi= ds ckn eSa vpkud vLoLFk gksdj vLirky esa HkrÊ jgkA mUgsa tc esjh chekjh dk irk pyk rks os flgksjk ls nkSM+ vk, vkSj tc rd eq>s vLirky ls Nqêh ugha gks x;h] os Hkksiky esa gh jgs] yxHkx jkst gh eq>s ns[kus vLirky vkrs vkSj ?kaVksa xqelqe cSBs jgrsA

^D;k ykSaMgkbZ epk j[kh gSA tc csdkj ?kweksxs rks vkVs nky dk Hkko ekywe gksxkA^

^dkdk] vki brus ijs'kku D;ksa gksrs gSaA eSa eqQfylh dh ftl gkyr esa uoHkkjr esa vk;k Fkk] mlls rks vc csgrj gh gwaA dgha u dgha dke fey gh tk,xkA^

^Qkyrw gh cgl djrs gksA ,slk dke dgka feysxk vkSj dkSu jkexksiky ekgsÜojh feysxk tks u[kjs cjnk'r dj Hkh rqEgsa bTtr c['ksxkA^

^dkdk] ?kcM+krs D;ksa gSa\ esjh eka dgrh jgrh gS ftlus pksap nh gS og pwu Hkh nsxkA^

yk[k dksf'k'kksa ds ckn Hkh eSa dkdk dks vkÜoLr ugha dj ik;kA os esjs firkth ls ckr djrs] iRuh dks le>krsA njvly] mUgsa esjh jksth& jksVh dh fpUrk de Fkh] çfr"Bk dh T;knkA

,dkèk eghus ckn tc eSaus mUgsa crk;k fd eSa jk;iqj ls v[kckj 'kq: dj jgk gwa rks os dqN 'kkar gq,A fQj Hkh ;g fpark t:j cuh jgh fd v[kckj pykus dh foÙkh; O;oLFkk dgka ls gksxhA dgha ^t;fgUn] ¼tcyiqj ls lsB xksfoUnnkl th dk lekpkj i=½ dh rjg nks& pkj lky pydj i= can gks x;k rks\ fQj ;g Hkh fd vkf[kj Hkksiky ¼jktèkkuh½ rks NwV gh x;kA dkdk dh 'kadk dks lgstrs jgus ds vykok dksbZ pkjk ugha FkkA v[kckj 'kq: gksus ds ckn os ,d nks ckj jk;iqj Hkh vk;sA ;g ns[kus ds fy, fd D;k lpeqp gh eSa Bhd dg jgk FkkA galh& galh esa eSa muls dg Mkyrk fd ^dksjh fpUrk djus ls D;k Qk;nkA dqN iSlk gks rks nsrs tkvksA^ dkdk ds iYys iSlk ugha Fkk] nsrs dgka lsA ijUrq os esjk [;ky j[krs jgsA dykbZ esa ?kM+h u ns[kdj viuh u;h ^flVhtu^ esjs gkFk esa ckaèk nhA

jk;iqj ds ckn eSaus tcyiqj ls v[kckj fudkyus dk QSlyk fd;kA tc dkdk ikaMs dks crk;k rks os pkSadsA eSaus lkjh ;kstuk crkbZA ijekuan HkkbZ ¼iVsy½ iSlk yxk,axsA mUgksaus ;g ;kstuk ilan ugha dhA jk; nh] ^ijekuan ls rqEgkjh rhu lky Hkh ugha iVsxhA^

eSaus ;kstuk ij vey 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA v[kckj 'kq: gks x;kA pyk Hkh vPNkA ysfdu Hkfo";ok.kh dkdk dh gh lp gqbZA Bhd rhu lky esa gh eq>s ubZ nqfu;k] tcyiqj ¼vc uohu nqfu;k½ ls vyx gks tkuk iM+kA ;g nhxj ckr gS fd tcyiqj ls eSaus nwljk i= 'kq: dj fy;kA

1972 esa dkdk ikaMs dks 52& 53 o"kZ rd ,e-,y-,- jgus ds ckn dkaxzsl dk fVfdV ugha feykA oSls os ,dkdh vuqHko djrs gh Fks] vc csdkjh Hkh lkFk yx x;hA deZBrk dk thou O;rhr djus okys ds fy, ;g ,d èkDdk lk lkfcr gqvkA muds LokLF; ij Hkh bldk vlj iM+kA eSaus lykg nh fd 'jktuhfr vkSj tulsok cgqr gks x;h] vc FkksM+k cgqr Hktu iwtu Hkh djksA gekjs ;gka rks okuçLFk dh ijaijk Hkh gSAÓ dkdk dqN ugha cksysA ,dkèk lky ckn tc eSaus ;gh lykg fQj nksgjkbZ rks os [kh>dj cksys] ^vjs HkkbZ] eku rks yh rqEgkjh lykgA iwtkikB Hkh fdruh nsj djsaA^

mudk Hkksiky vkuk& tkuk cuk jgrk FkkA eSaus Hkh 1974 esa Hkksiky ls ns'kcUèkq 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA vius dke fucVkdj os ;k rks esjs nrj esa vk tkrs ;k eq>s cqyk ysrsA fu'p; gh bu {k.kksa esa mUgsa ruko ls eqfä feyrh FkhA dHkh& dHkh eSa mUgsa vius fuokl ij ys vkrkA os vius vrhr esa [kks tkrsA dHkh vius fudV [khapdj xys ls yxk, jgrsA cPps tSlk Lusg djrsA mudh bl Hkkoqdrk dks esjs }kjk Lohdkj djus ls mudk eu gydk gks tkrk FkkA muds ;gh {k.k eq>s ckj& ckj ;g lkspus dks foo'k djrs Fks fd dkdk lpeqp furkar vdsykiu eglwl djrs gSaA

1975 ds vkikrdky ls os cgqr f[kUu gks x, FksA jkstkuk 10&20 yksxksa dh idM+&èkdM+ dks os çtkra= ds fy, [krjk ekurs FksA os blh flyflys esa eq[;ea=h Jh çdk'kpaæ lsBh ls Hkh ,d nks ckj feysA ijUrq le; dks rks viuh xfr ls pyuk FkkA mudh lykg dkSu lqurkA

1980 esa tc Jh vtZquflag eq[;ea=h gq, rks dkdk eq>s ckj&ckj i= fy[kus yxsA os eq[;ea=h ls feyuk pkgrs FksA 'kklu ds fcxM+s gq, joS;s dks Bhd djus dh lykg nsuk pkgrs FksA vkSj tkus D;k&D;k\ muds larks"k ds fy, eSa flgksjk igqapk rks mUgksaus 'kklu dh tekus Hkj dh tks [kkfe;ksa dk ftØ NsM+ fn;kA eSaus cgqr dgk fd ^le; cgqr rsth ls cny x;k gSA vc u rks bafnjk xkaèkh dks vkSj u vtZquflagth dks fdlh çkS<+ ijke'kZ dh vko';drk gSA ijUrq mudk eu ugha HkjkA mudh yyd ns[kdj eSaus mudh HksaV dk le; fuèkkZfjr djk fn;kA mUgsa vius lkFk Hkksiky ys x;kA eq[;ea=h Jh vtZquflag us mUgsa cgqr lEeku fn;kA mudh ckrsa è;ku ls lquhaA dqN uksV~l Hkh fy;sA dkdk cgqr çlUufpÙk ykSVsA ysfdu dqN fnu ckn ogh <kd ds rhu ikrA dkdk dks f'kdk;r gks x;h fd mudh lykg ij vey ugha fd;k tk jgk gS vkfnA

1982&83 rd dkdk ,d grk'k O;fä gks pqds FksA v'kä brus gks x, fd flgksjk rks D;k ?kj ls fudyuk Hkh nwHkj gks x;kA esjs ikl tks i= vkrs os fy[krk dksbZ vkSj nLr[kr Hkj dkdk ds gksrsA mUgsa eksfr;kfcan gks x;kA vkSj 'kkjhfjd f'kdk;rsa HkhA vk;q 90 ds vkliklA ;g lc rks gksuk gh FkkA ysfdu dkdk bykt djkuk pkgrs FksA eksfr;kfcan dk vkijs'ku Hkh t:jh FkkA foÙkh; fLFkfr Bhd ugha FkhA ,e-,y-,- rFkk Lokèkhurk laxzke dh isa'ku gh ,dek= lgkjkA csVksa ls os enn ugha ysuk pkgrs FksA

eSaus vtZquflagth ls ;g fLFkfr c;ku dh rks os vpjt djus yxsA mudh -f"V esa rks dkdk laiUu O;fä FksA lkjk ektjk le>dj mUgksaus dkdk dh fpfdRlk ds fy, #- 10]000-00 dh jkf'k Lohdkj dhA vQlksl] fd fofèkor vkns'k tkjh gksus dh jkg Hkh dkdk us ugha ns[khA rhu pkj fnu esa gh os bl lalkj ls fonk gks fy,A
eSaus ,d ckj vkSj firk ds fuèku dh ihM+k vuqHko dhA