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29.03.1923
- 31.12.1994 | | |
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iwN jgs
gks esjk ?kj
dksykgy ls cgqr nwj ij
tgka [kM+s gSa fxfj xºoj
tc igyh ckj ;s v{kj fy[ks Fks rc u rks dfork
lacaèkh dksbZ Kku Fkk vkSj u ;g le>
fd bu iafä;ksa dk jpf;rk dfo dkSu gSA
7&9 lky dh mezA eSa nwljh ;k rhljh d{kk
esa i<+rk FkkA mu fnuksa lqUnj v{kj fy[kus
ij cgqr tksj fn;k tkrk FkkA gLrfyfi ij vH;kl
djus ds fy, fyfi iqLrd vfuok;Z FkhA rc ckyisu
dk ;qx rks nwj QkmUVsuisu rd bLrseky ugha
fd, tkrs FksA dye dh fucksa dks Hkh fo'ks"k
dks.k ij f?kldj fy[kkbZ dh tkrh FkhA Ldwy
xkao dk gks ;k 'kgj dk] L;kgh dh nokr Hkh
lkFk esa ys tkuh iM+rh Fkh vkSj gka] ,d
cjZw Hkh ftldk mi;ksx fyfi iqLrd ds v{kjh
[kkdksa dks Hkjus ;k Lora= :i ls mUgsa nksgjkus
ds fy, fd;k tkrk FkkA
ml uknku mez esa tks dfork ikB i<+k,
tkrs Fks mudh dqN iafä;ka vHkh Hkh
;kn gSaA O;kdj.kkpk;Z ia- dkerkçlkn
xq# dh&
;g lqUnj NM+h gekjh
gS gesa cgqr gh I;kjh
vFkok fd Lo- dfo lq[kjke pkScs xq.kkdj dh
rksrs dh ç'kalk esa jfpr&
Vsa Vsa Vsa Vsa er dj feëw
rw rks prqj dgkrk gS
viuh çse e;h ok.kh ls
lcdk eu g"kkZrk gS
iafä;ksa ds lkFk gh ,sls dqN dfork&
va'k Hkh ;kn jg x, gSa ftuds ys[kdksa dk
ifjp; u rc djk;k x;k vkSj u ckn esa mldh
t:jr iM+hA og eksVj dkjksa dk tekuk Hkh
ugha FkkA gekjs xkao ds ikl iM+ksl ds jktk&
tehankjksa ds ikl gh eksVjsa gqvk djrh FkhaA
ysfdu i<+k;k tkrk Fkk&
^,d #i;k nks vkuk ns nksA eSa fdlh ls ,d
v) eaxk ysrk gwaA ,d dejk crk nks] tgka
lsou djds xks"Bh esa vk tkÅaxkA^
esjs fy, èkeZladV mifLFkr gks x;kA
igys ekywe gks tkrk rks ,slk dqN bartke
gks tkrk fd os 'VapÓ gksdj gh vkrsA
vc euk djrk gwa rks Jksrkvksa dks 'tokc
nsuk gksxk fd ikBdth D;ksa pys x,] çcaèk
djrk gwa vkSj ukxiqj çèkku
dk;kZy; rd [kcj igqap tk, rc Hkh tokc nsuk
gh gksxkA ysfdu og ,d #i;k nks vkuk nsuk
gh iM+kA ikBdth dk jpuk ikB gqvkA eq>s
,d u;k vuqHkoA vkSj] ftl ckr dk [krjk Fkk
og Hkh ?kfVr gqbZA tc ukxiqj igqqapk rks
;g çlax mBk] viuh lQkbZ nsuh iM+hA
èkhjs& èkhjs uo&Hkkjr
dk;kZy; ;k esjk fuokl lkfgfR;d dk;ZØeksa
ds fof'k"V LFky cu x;sA Lo- cky-".k
'kekZ 'uohuÓ tcyiqj vk;s ;k Jh tkudhoYyHk
'kkL=hA Lo- Hkokuhçlkn feJ vFkok
fd M- jkedqekj oekZA muds vkxeu dh
lwpuk feyh fd geus dk;ZØe vk;ksftr
fd,A lHkh çlaxksa ij ikBdth dh mifLFkfr
vfuok;Z gksrhA
iVuk ls Jh tkudhoYyHk 'kkL=h vk, rks vtc
leka caèk x;kA vU; dfo;ksa dk jpukikB
rks gqvk gh] 'kkL=hth us ikBdth ls ckj&
ckj lqukus dk vkxzg fd;kA ikBdth Hkh brus
rUe; gq, fd gj Qjekb'k iwjh dhA mlh volj
dk ,d çlax vHkh Hkh Le`fr esa lek;k
gqvk gSA
,d j.kckadqj ;q)Hkwfe esa x;k gqvk gSA ifjokj
esa dsoy ekaA csVs dk i= vk;k rks eka mÙkj
fy[k jgh gSA ikBdth us bl çlax dks
vius 'kCnksa esa ckaèkkA eka dg jgh
gS fd ';gka lc dqN Bhd gSA rqeus euhvkMZj
Hkstk og Hkh fey x;k gSA ;gka dh fpark Hkwydj
rqe fu"Bk ls viuk drZO; ikyu djksA
ykSVdj vkvksxs rks eSa ,d lqanj lh cgw <wa<dj
j[kh gSA rqEgkjk C;kg djds eSa csVs&
cgw dk lq[k HkksxwaxhAÓ dfork esa
;g fp=.k bruh Hkkoqdrk ls fd;k x;k Fkk fd
lquus okyksa dh vka[ksa Hkh NyNyk x;haA
vafre iafä;ksa esa ikBdth us dgk Fkk
fd 'eSa rks vui<+ gwaA rqe bl i= dk lgh
vFkZ yxk ysukAÓ NUn dh vafre ls iwoZ
iafä esa 'vui<+ gSÓ dk ç;ksx
gqvk FkkA vafre iafä vkèkh i<+dj
os vpkud ekSu gksdj Jksrkvksa dh vksj ns[kus
yxsA okgokgh ywVus ds fygkt ls eSaus iafä
iwjh dh& ^?kVc<+ gSA^
cl] ikBdth ,dne mÙksftr gks x,A 'ek;kjketh]
ds'ko ikBd dh dfork esa '?kVc<+Ó
gks ldrh gS\ ikBd dks le>us esa vHkh
vkidks le; yxsxkAÓ eSa ldidk x;kA
vkSj dfo;ksa& Jksrkvksa dh Hkh yxHkx
ogh xfr gqbZA FkksM+s lLisal ds ckn ikBdth
us viuh iafä iwjh dh& 'ir>M+
gSAÓ eka ir>M+ dh vk;q ls xqtj
jgh Fkh] og mrkoyh Fkh fd csVk j.kHkwfe
ls ykSVs rks ifjokj esa clar vk,A Jh tkudhoYyHk
'kkL=h bl dYiuk ls ,sls peR-r gq, fd [kM+s
gksdj ikBdth dks xys yxk fy;kA mUgsa 'egkdfoÓ
dh mikfèk ls vya-r fd;kA
Lo- Jh ds'koçlkn ikBd dh vk; dk dksbZ
LFkk;h lzksr jgk gks] ;g vuqHko ugha gqvkA
fdlh tekus esa os ,d laiUu ifjokj ds lnL;
ekus tkrs FksA muds firkJh 'kk;n tkus&
ekus T;ksfr"kh FksA vxzt Lo- Jh ';kekdkar
ikBd vPNs dfo rFkk ukVddkj FksA mudh dbZ
-fr;ka çdkf'kr gqbZ FkhaA ,d ckj
fons'k ;k=k Hkh dh FkhA ea>ys HkkbZ deykdj
th ,d cM+s eqæ.kky; ds lapkyd FksA
Lo- nknk ek[kuyky th prqoZsnh dk 'deZohjÓ
'kk;n mlh çsl esa Nirk jgk gksxk]
blfy, ml çsl dk uke gh deZohj çsl
j[kk x;k gksxkA tcyiqj dk og vius le; dk
ukeh çsl ekuk tkrk FkkA 1950 esa
tc eSa tcyiqj igqapk rks rhuksa Hkkb;ksa
esa ds'koçlkn th gh thfor Fks] 'ks"k
nksuksa vle; gh py fn, FksA
esjk [;ky gS fd deZohj çsl gh ifjokj
dh thfodk dk ,dek= lkèku FkkA deykdjth
ikBd ds fuèku ds ckn çsl dk
dke ns[kus okyk dksbZ ugha FkkA ikBdth lkfgR;
esa eLr jgrs FksA og dke lh[kk ughaA ifjokj
esa 'kk;n nwljk dksbZ l{ke lnL; Hkh ugha
jgk gksA tks Hkh gks] deZohj çsl
ij rkyk yx x;kA vU; Hkkb;ksa ds ifjokj dh
tks Hkh voLFkk gqbZ gks] ds'koçlkn
ikBd dh x`gLFkh yM[k+M+k x;hA os viuh vknr
ls ykpkj Fks] og T;ksa& T;ksa iwjh gks
tkrh] ysfdu ?kj dh gkyr fcxM+rh pyh x;hA
ikBdth ls esjs lacaèk dkQh fudV ds
gks x;s FksA ,d fnu os >ksyk fy, esjs
nrj esa vk x,A mUgksaus >ksys esa ls
nks MCcs fudkydj esjh Vsfcy ij j[k fn,A
nksuksa esa jksyj dEiksft'ku ¼NikbZ
jksyj <kyus dk fo'ks"k çdkj
dk ljsl½ FkkA baXyS.M ls vk;kfrr
iSd can MCcsA gks ldrk gS rhu& pkj lky
iqjkus Hkh gksaA mUgksaus vkxzg fd;k fd
eSa ;s MCcs vius çsl ds fy, [kjhn
ywaA ;g Hkh fd [kjhnus okys rks vkSj Hkh
gSa ysfdu dksbZ okftc nke ugha nsxkA mUgsa
t:jr gS rks lc viuh ejth ls dher yxk,axsA
v[kckjh çsl gksus ds dkj.k gesa bl
lkexzh dh t:jr cuh jgrh FkhA mlds foyk;rh
gksus ls xq.koÙkk Hkh vfèkd
FkhA dqN lkspdj eSaus ,d MCck ysus dk çLrko
fd;kA ckr ;g Fkh fd ;fn nksuksa MCcs ,d
lkFk ys ywaxk rks lkjh jde nks& pkj
fnu esa gh mM+ tk,xhA ,d& ,d ywaxk rks
ladkspo'k gh lgh ikBdth 15&20 fnu ds
igys ugha vk,axsA
ikBdth us ?kj dk og uD'kk [khapk fd eq>s
nksuksa MCcs j[k ysus iM+sA ;g cgkuk t:j
dj fn;k fd fQygky ,d dh dher pqdkus yk;d
jkf'k gh nrj esa gS] nwljs dh dher ,d lIrkg
ckn nwaxkA ijUrq ikBdth us lIrkg iwjk ugha
gksus fn;k] os pkSFks& ikaposa fnu gh
vk x;sA bl ?kVuk ds ckn ;g Øe gh
'kq: gks x;kA ,d nks eghus jksyj dEiksft'ku
vkrk jgkA mlds ckn çsl dh nwljh lkexzhA
eSaus mUgsa le>k;k fd 'bl xfr ls rks
lkjk lkeku fcdk tk,xkA vki çsl pykus
yxsa rks ladV Hkh nwj gks tk,xk vkSj e'khusa
Hkh cph jgsaxhA^
mUgsa ;g çLrko ilan vk;kA eq>s
Hkh larks"k gqvkA eSaus dgk fd çsl
dk dke çkjaHk djus ds fy, ftl lkexzh
dh vko';drk gksxh] og eSa eaxok nwaxkA ewY;
èkhjs& èkhjs pqdk nsaA
O;oLFkkid tSls fdlh vkneh dh t:jr gks rks
og çcaèk Hkh gks tk,xkA ,d
fnu os eq>s vius ?kj fyok ys x,A fQj
çsl fn[kk;kA esjh jk; esa FkksM+h&
lh ykxr yxkdj çsl 'kq: fd;k tk ldrk
FkkA ikBdth pkgrs Fks fd eSa udn jkf'k dk
çcaèk djk nwa] lkeku os cqyk
ysaxsA ;g esjs fy, laHko ugha FkkA cktkj
esa lk[k Fkh blfy, lkeku rks mèkkj
fey tkrkA ijUrq udnh jde dkSu nsxkA eaSus
nwljk lq>ko fn;k fd fdlh Hkjkslsean vkneh
dks çsl yht ij ns fn;k tk,A okLro
esa esjh utj Lo- HkkbZ ueZnkçlkn
th [kjs ij FkhA Ldwy ls rks os vyx gks gh
x, Fks] 'kqHkfpard ¼lkIrkfgd½
Hkh can gks x;k FkkA mUgksaus yksd psruk
çdk'ku çkjaHk fd;k Fkk] çsl
Mkyus dk Hkh fopkj FkkA ijUrq [kjsth us
bl çLrko ls rkSck dj yhA ikBdth dk
fuokl vkSj çsl vkeus& lkeus]
jkst& jkst muls dSls fucVk tk,xkA ,d
ekg ,Mokal fdjk;k nsus dh Hkh gks ldus dk
Hk; FkkA lq>ko Hkh fBdkus ugha yxkA gkykr
bl rjg [kjkc gq, fd çsl dk Vkbi]
fpefV;ka] DokM & dksVs'ku] xsfy;ka cktkj
esa vkdj vkSus& ikSus nkeksa esa fcd
x;haA ikBdth u vius vki ij dkcw dj lds]
u ifjokj ijA
muds çfr vknj Hkko ds dkj.k lacaèkksa
esa vkReh;rk Hkh LFkkfir gks x;h FkhA ,d
fnu f'kdk;r ysdj vk x;s fd muds cM+s csVs
dks 'kgj ds ,d ukeh nknk us vius paxqy esa
Qalk fy;k gS] mls eqä djk nwaA tc eSa
;g ugha dj ldk rks vkxzg gqvk fd de ls de
bl rjg dh [kcj gh v[kckj esa Nki nwaA ;g
eSaus Lohdkj dj fy;k vkSj eqlhcr esa iM+
x;kA
nwljs fnu nqxkZ xq# ¼ia- nqxkZçlkn
frokjh½ ml yM+ds dks ysdj esjs fuokl
ij vk èkedsA nqxkZ xq# ds vkrad ls
eSa okfdQ FkkA 'kgj ds vkèks fgLls
esa mudh rwrh cksyrh FkhA ;fn mldh ckr u
lquh& le>h ¼;kuh fd ekuh½
tk, rks vki fdlh Hkh pkSjLrs ij ?kk;y ik,
tk ldrs gSaA ysfdu mUgksaus esjs lkFk cgqr
gh 'kkyhurk vkSj uezrk dk O;ogkj fd;kA yM+ds
us c;ku fn;k fd og xq# ds v[kkM+s esa dq'krh
ds nkaoisap lh[krk gSA ^dqN^ vkenuh Hkh
gks tkrh gS ftlls ifjokj dk [kpZ pyrk gSA
firkth rks dqN djrs ugha eSfVªd rd
Hkh esjh i<+kbZ ugha gks ldhA eka&
cfguksa dks Hkw[kk rks ugha j[k ldrkA tks
dke feyrk gS] mlls gh xqtkjk gksrk gSA^
;g c;ku çdkf'kr djus ds igys eSa
csVs dks ikBdth ds ikl ys x;kA nksuksa esa
rw& rw] eSa& eSa gqbZA varr: ikBdth
dks gh fu:Ùkj gksuk iM+kA og [kaMu
;k c;ku çdkf'kr djuk esjk uSfrd nkf;Ro
FkkA fdUrq firk& iq= ds chp gqvk laokn
vusd eghuksa rd esjh Hkkoukvksa dks >d>ksjrk
jgkA ikBdth dh ykbykt ifjfLFkfr dks Hkh
utjvankt ugha fd;k tk ldrk FkkA nqxkZ xq#
mudh Hkh dqN lgk;rk djsa] blls vfèkd
vkSj D;k fd;k tk ldrk FkkA
,slk Hkh ugha Fkk fd ikBdth vius ij dkcw
u ik ldsaA eq>s ckn esa ekywe gqvk fd
1940& 41 ds fnuksa esa os ,d o"kZ
rd fcuk efnjkiku ds jgsA muds ,d ije fe=
Fks] [ksrku odhyA ikBdth vDlj muls cSBd
tekrsA ,d fnu odhy lkgc us etkd esa 'krZ
j[k nh fd ;fn ikBdth ,d lky rd u fi,a rks
mUgsa ,d gtkj #i;ksa dk iqjLdkj fn;k tk,xkA
;g 'krZ dqN ,slh teh fd ikBdth us lpeqp
,d lky rd 'kjkc dks gkFk ugha yxk;kA fdUrq
,d gtkj #i, feyrs gh os iqjkuh jV ij vk
x;sA
bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds chp Hkh ikBdth dk jpukØe
ugha VwVkA vU; jpuk,a rks çlwr gksrh
gh ugha] mUgksaus mej [kS¸;ke dk ewy
Qkjlh ls nwljk vuqokn djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA
bl vuqokn dks Hkh bèkj& mèkj
i=ksa esa èkkjkokfgd :i ls çdkf'kr
djk;k x;kA rFkkfi bls og çflf) ugha
fey ldh tks muds igys vuqokn dks çkIr
gqbZ FkhA blds 'kk;n nks dkj.k gks ldrs
gSaA nwljk vuqokn 1956&57 esa çdk'ku
esa vk;k rc Nk;kokn vius vafre pj.k esa
vk x;k FkkA nwljs ;g Hkh fd fo|kFkÊ
thou esa fQV~tsjYM ds vaxzsth ikB ls ikBdth
us ftl 'kCn fu"Bk dks lEeku fn;k Fkk]
nwljs esa og muds vuqHko dh çkS<+rk
ls çHkkfor gks x;kA Hkk"kk vfèkd
tfVy vkSj dYiuke; gks x;hA ,d xks"Bh
esa os eq> ij iqu: ukjkt gks x,A eSaus
dgk Fkk fd igyk vuqokn gh Js"B gSA
ikBdth ftíh LoHkko ds O;fä FksA
'D;k vki Qkjlh tkurs gSa\^
eSa Hkksiky vk x;k vkSj dqN le; ckn ikBdth
;{ek ls ihfM+r gks x,A mudk cgqrsjk bykt
djk;k x;kA fNanokM+k lsuhVksfj;e esa Hkh
Hkjrh gq, fdUrq jksx vafre pj.k esa igqap
pqdk FkkA mudh thou j{kk ugha dh tk ldhA
tcyiqj lkfgR; la?k dh vksj ls Lo- jkekuqtykyth
JhokLro rFkk Lo- jkesÜoj xq# us muds
nksuksa vuqoknksa dks lkekukUrj çdkf'kr
djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA esjs ikl Hkh ,d i=
vk;kA fd çdk'ku O;oLFkk ds fy, dqN
foÙkh; çcaèk fd;k tk,A
og iqLrd Nius ij ,d çfr eq>s Hkh
Hksth x;hA jkekuqt ckcw us igys i`"B
ij gh fy[kk gSA
^rqEgkjs lkS #i;ksa esa bl iqLrd dk ewY;
dkVdj vLlh cprs gSaA D;k djuk gS\^
djuk rks D;k FkkA eSaus dksbZ tokc ugha
fn;kA ikBdth dh ogh Le`fr esjs ikl 'ks"k
gSA
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