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29.03.1923
- 31.12.1994 | | |
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eaf=eaMy
esa u;s gsjQsj djus ds fy, dkejt&;kstuk
ykxw gksus ds dqN le; iwoZ gh Jh Hkxoarjko
eaMyksbZ us vkB mieaf=;ksa dh fu;qfä;k¡
dh FkhA bl le; eq>s dsoy Lo- Jh 'kkjnkpj.k
frokjh dk uke gh ;kn vk jgk gSA ckdh lkr
yksx dkSu Fks] mudh tkudkjh mu fnuksa ds
lekpkji=ksa esa fey ldrh gSA dkejkt&;kstuk
ykxw gksus ij fLFkfr ;g cuh fd eaMyksbZ&eaf=eaMy
dks gh R;kxi= ns nsuk iM+k ,oa bu &&&&
mieaf=;ksa dks dHkh fo/kkulHkk dk lkeuk
15 o"kZ dh fd'kksjkoLFkkA vkBoha d{kk
ikl djds eSa uoeha esa i<u+s ds fy, oèkkZ
pyk x;kA oèkkZ ds fy, ,d lgt vkd"kZ.k
Hkh FkkA xkaèkhth us nks pkj lky
igys gh lsokxzke clk;k FkkA fnYyh Hkkjr
ljdkj dh jktèkkuh t:j Fkh ysfdu ns'k
dh jktuSfrd jktèkkuh ,d rjg ls oèkkZ
gh ekuh tkrh FkhA cfYd dguk pkfg, fd lsokxzke
gh okLrfod jktèkkuh FkhA
vius tUe LFkku ls tc nwj&njkt oèkkZ
Hkstk tk jgk FkkA firkth us vius bdykSrs
iq= dh fujkin ;k=k ds fy, 'kqHk eqgwrZ Hkh
fudyok;kA og 'kfuokj dk fnu Fkk vkSj jfookj
dh lqcg eSa oèkkZ igqap x;kA ftl
LokoyEch Nk=kokl esa eq>s jguk Fkk] mlds
vèkh{kd&lapkyd egksn; dks vius
vkxeu dh lwpuk nhA fnu Hkj esa leo;Ldksa
ls dqN ifjp; Hkh gqvkA eSa mRlqd Fkk egkRek
xkaèkh ds n'kZu djus ds fy,A ijUrq
ekywe gqvk fd lsokxzke rks esjs Nk=kokl
ls 4 ehy nwj gSA Nk=kokl ls ckgj 'ijokuxhÓ
ysuk Hkh t:jh crk;k x;kA vkSj eqf'dy ;g
Hkh fd ;g ijokuxh eqf'dy ls gh feyrh FkhA
vèkh{kd egksn; dks xkaèkhth
esa dksbZ vkLFkk ugha FkhA
eSa FkksM+s ladV esa iM+ x;kA xkaèkhth
ds n'kZu t:j djuk gS vkSj vkt gh djuk gS]
cpiu ls gh esjs laLdkj dqN bl rjg ds iM+
pqds FksA rc vaxzst ljdkj dh xqykeh] vktknh
vkSj xkaèkh rks esjh le> esa D;k
[kkd vkrs] ysfdu 6 o"kZ dh uUgha mez
esa gh firkth us eq>s [kknh ifguk nh
FkhA rc os lsB xksfoUnnkl th ds ikfjokfjd
çfr"Bku esa dke djrs FksA 1929&30
esa ued lR;kxzg vkSj fons'kh oL=ksa dh gksyh
dh èkqaèkyh Le`fr;ka esjs
efLr"d esa NkbZ gqbZ FkhaA mUgha fnuksa
ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy dqN fd'kksjksa dks ysdj
jk;iqj ls tcyiqj ièkkjs FksA tcyiqj
ds xathiqjk esa] vkt tgka ek[kuyky prqoZsnh
Le`fr Hkou gS] ogka ml tekus esa ekewyh
lk eksVj LVS.M FkkA bu fd'kksjksa us mlh
LFky ij cSaM ckts dh èkqu ij 'j.kHksjh
ct mBh ohjoj ifguks ds'kfj;k ckukÓ
xhr iwjs mRlkg ls lLoj xk;k FkkA dqN eghuksa
ckn ogh xhr eSa vius xkao dh çHkkr
Qsjh esa vxqvk cudj xkus yxk FkkA pj[ks
okyk jk"Vªh; frjaxk Fkkes vkxs&
vkxs eSa j.kHksjh xkrk gqvk pyrk vkSj xkao
ds 100& 50 ukxfjd mls nksgjkrs gq, çHkkr
Qsjh iwjh djrsA tcyiqj esa jktk xksdqy nkl
egy ¼ckcw xksfoUnnkl th dk iSr`d
fuokl½ ds pkSxku esa ftl fnu fons'kh
oL=ksa dh gksyh tykbZ xbZ] mlds nwljs fnu
eSa [kknhèkkjh gks x;kA bl i`"BHkwfe
ds vykok dqN vkSj Hkh ;knsa Fkha& 1937
dk pquko ftlesa eSaus vius {ks= ds dkaxzslh
mEehnokj ykyk vtZquflag ds i{k esa 13 o"kZ
dh vk;q esa çpkj fd;k FkkA bl gkyr
esa tc xkaèkh th dk uke flj ij p<+dj
cksy jgk gks] eSa brus djhc vkdj çFke
fnu gh mudk n'kZu djus ls oafpr gks tkÅa]
eu dks ;g xokjk ugha gqvkA ysfdu ;g fgEer
Hkh ugha gqbZ fd igys gh fnu Nk=kokl dk
vuq'kklu Hkax dj nwaA i<+kbZ tkjh j[kuk
t:jh FkkA nwljh vksj foiUukoLFkk esa blls
vfèkd lqqfoèkknkrk nwljk dksbZ
LFkku eq>s fey ugha ldk FkkA
fcuk fdlh dks crk;s gh lsokxzke pyk tkÅa]
;g fopkj eu esa vkdj gh nc x;kA u, cus fe=ksa
dk D;k HkjkslkA fdlh us pqxyh dj nh rks
D;k gksxkA bUgha fe=ksa us crk;k fd jkstkuk
'kke dks gkftjh gksrh gSA mlds igys lk;adkyhu
çkFkZuk HkhA eu esa vusd ;kstuk,a
curh fcxM+rh jghaA psgjs ij ,d mis{kk tSlk
Hkko ykdj fe=ksa ls lsokxzke dk jkLrk iwNk]
vkSj Hkh tkudkjh yhA ekywe gqvk fd ckiw
dHkh& dHkh oèkkZ dh vksj Hkh
?kweus vk tkrs gSaA dHkh nwljh fn'kk esaA
le; lqcg 5& lk<+s ikap cts dkA fQj
Hkh Bhd& Bhd lwpuk dqN ugha feyhA vVdyksa
ls gh lc dqN crk;k tk jgk FkkA lqcg dh fnup;kZ
dk Hkh eSaus irk yxk;kA 5 cts ?kaVh ctrs
gh mBuk iM+rk gSA fuR;deZ ls fuo`Ùk
gksdj gkftjh] O;k;ke] lw;Z ueLdkj] xk;=h
çkFkZukA fQj dejk lkQ djuk oxSjgkA
,d fu'p; lk djds eSa lks x;kA jkf= dks uhan
D;k vkrhA djoVsa gh cnyrk jgkA lqcg 4 cts
mBk vkSj lsokxzke dh vksj nkSM+ yxk nhA
lhèks jkLrs tkus dh ctk, jsy ykbu
ds fdukjs& fdukjs Hkkxk rkfd fdlh ls
HksaV gh u gksA FkksM+h nwjh ikj dj eSa
eq[; ekxZ ij igqap x;kA jsYos ykbu ds xsVesu
us lgh jkLrk crk fn;kA vc eSa FkksM++k fuf'pUr
gqvkA nkSMu+s dh ctk, rst jrkj ls pyus yxkA
dksbZ nks ehy dk ÅcM+& [kkcM+
jkLrk vkèkk ?kaVs esa r; gks x;kA
fojke ysus dh Qqjlr gh dgka FkhA
FkksM+k vkSj c<+k fd 4&6 ijNkb;ka
lh oèkkZ dh vksj vkrs fn[khaA vkSj
djhc igqapk rks yxk fd lkèk iwjh
gks xbZA xkao esa dHkh& dHkh vkus okys
v[kckj esa tks vk-fr ns[kk djrk Fkk] ogh
Nfo rks lkeus ls vk jgh gSA nks fd'kksj
ckykvksa ds daèkksa ij gkFk j[ks
tks rst dne py jgs gSa] ogh rks fpj&ifjfpr
ls ckiw gSaA muds ihNs nks rhu O;fä
vkSjA ru eu esa ,d vthc lh flgju gqbZA dqN
?kcjkgV] dqN vkuan dk mUeknA tc fcYdqy gh
vkeuk&lkeuk gks x;k rks lk"Vkax
ç.kke djus eSa lM+d ij gh yksV x;kA
çkr: Hkze.k esa bl vuk;kl O;oèkku
ls ckykvksa dh Hk`dqfV;ka ru x;haA 'D;k
djrs gks rqe ckiw dh xfr Hkax gks x;hAÓ
mUgksaus vkSj Hkh dqN dgkA ij eSaus rks
tSls dqN lquk gh ughaA >ViV mBk vkSj
ckiw dh cjkcjh ls gh pyus yxkA {k.k Hkj
ckn gh ckiw ds Loj QwVs&
'dgka ls vk;s gks\Ó
'th ;ksa rks fiifj;k esa jgrk gwa] i<u+s
ds fy, oèkkZ vk;k gwaA dy gh vkids
n'kZuksa dh ykylk FkhA vkt iwjh gks xbZAÓ
,d lkal esa gh lc dqN dg x;kA ckiw ds psgjs
ij ,d vfoftr eqLdku vk x;hA
^dgka Bgjs gks\^
^ekjokM+h cksfMax okys Hkou esa gh gSA fuèkZu
Nk=ksa dks ogha txg nh tkrh gSA Ó
dgrs& dgrs eSa ldqpk x;kA ckiw dks viuh
gkyr crkus dk ;g Hkh dksbZ ekSdk Fkk D;kA
^mls Hkh fHkM+sth ns[krs gSa\^
^th ckiwA^ vkSj ckiw us esjh vksj ,d ç'u
Qsadk&
^iwNdj vk;s gks\Ó eSa ldidk x;kA
^ugha] ugha ckiwA ogka rks 5 cts mBus dk
fu;e gSA eSa vkids n'kZuksa ds fy, 4 cts
gh rS;kj gksdj vk x;k gwa ogka le; ij igqap
tkÅaxkA^
^laLFkk dk dk;nk ugha rksMu+k pkfg,A rqEgsa
ijokuxh f'kok; ¼fcuk vuqefr ds½
ugha vkuk pkfg,A^
'kk;n ckiw dk xUrO; vk x;k FkkA os ykSV
iM+sA esjs ikl Hkh le; ugha FkkA eSa yxHkx
Hkkxrk gqvk gh gksLVy rd vk;kA 5-30 ct x,
FksA gkftjh gks jgh FkhA esjk uke fudy pqdk
FkkA eSaus mivèkh{kd egksn; dks crk;k
fd eq>s FkksM+k foyac gks x;kA mifLFkfr
yxk nhft,A esjk gqfy;k ns[kdj os dqN Hkkai
x,A
^nsj D;ksa gqbZA tYnh mBuk pkfg,A ?kaVh
ugha lquh Fkh D;k\Ó mUgksaus jkSc
ls dgkA
'lj] eSa le; ds igys gh mB x;k FkkA FkksM+k
?kweus pyk x;k blhfy, nsj gks x;hA^
^;s èkksrh & deht ij èkwy
D;ksa yxh gS\^
^lj] igys fnu gh ?kweus x;k Fkk uA ubZ txg
gSA jsy fdukjs dqN le> ugha iM+k lks
fxj iM+kA^
^yxrk gS rqe lp ugha cksy jgsA^
eSa dqN tokc nsrk mlds ifgys gh ,d uoifjfpr
fe= dwn iM+k&
^lj] ;s lsokxzke^ x;k gksxkA dy fnu Hkj
lsokxzke dh ckr djrk jgk FkkA^
^D;ksa js-----\^ eq>ls iwNk x;kA
^th] oks Bhd dgrk gSA eSaus lsokxzke dh
ckr t:j dh FkhA ij lsokxzke x;k ughaA ml
lM+d ij gh ?kweus x;k FkkA^ og fo|kFkÊ
fQj cksyk&
^lj] ;s xkaèkh th ls feyus dh ckr
dj jgk FkkA^
^D;ksa js] vc D;k cksyrk\^ fQj eq>ls
iwNk x;kA
^ugha ljA eSa xkaèkh th ls D;k feywaxkA
n'kZu djuk pkgrk FkkA^
^vbZlk cksyA fQj n'kZu gqvk\^
^;l ljA eSa ?kweus tk jgk FkkA os blh rjQ
vk jgs FksA lks ns[k fy;kA^
^gkFk [kksy---^ ,d vkns'k gqvkA eSaus gFksyh
c<+k nhA rM+&rM+ ifgys ,d fQj nwljk
csar esjh iwjh ckag dks >u>uk x;kA
^;s] fiifj;k ugha gSA le>k\ cksfMax gSA
f'kLr ¼vuq'kklu½ ikyuk pkfg,A
ugha ekuuk gks rks ?kj tkoA^ mi vèkh{kd
egksn; us ejkBh fefJr fgUnh esa viuk vkMZj
lquk;kA ifgys gh fnu dh ;g 'kq:vkrA
fiV fiVkdj eSa pqi jg x;k FkkA vc dgus dks
cpk gh D;k FkkA fQj Hkh eSa [kq'k FkkA cgqr
o"kksZa ls ,d liuk latks;k FkkA vkt
iwjk gqvkA ml O;fä dks lk{kkr ns[kk
ftlds çHkko esa 9 lky igys eq>s
[kknh ifguk nh x;h FkhA
25& 26 twu 1938 dks ?kVh ;g ?kVuk T;ksa
dh R;ksa Le`fr iVy ij thfor gSA thou esa
,sls {k.k ckj&ckj rks ugha vkrsA Ldwy
[kqyus esa vHkh 4&5 fnu ckdh FksA fdrkcsa
LVs'kujh& dkfi;ksa dh [kjhn ds chp xkaèkh
th dh rLohj lkeus vk tkrhA ,d vthc lh eLrh
esa Mwcrk& mrjkrk jgkA eu esa xkaèkh
th dh çfrek vkdkj ysus yxhA
fQj dqN le; ckn gh ,slk volj vk x;k fd xkaèkh
th gh ugha] vkSj Hkh usrkvksa dks djhc ls
ns[kus dk çlax cukA 1935 ds ,DV ds
vUrxZr 1937 esa eè;çns'k esa
Hkh ,d yksdrkaf=d ljdkj dh LFkkiuk gqbZ
FkhA M- ,u-ch- [kjs eè;çkar
rFkk cjkj ds dkaxzslh çèkkuea=h
fuokZfpr gq, FksA dksbZ ,d lky ckn gh eaf=eaMy
esa ladV vk x;kA M- [kjs rFkk eaf=eaMy
ds vU; lnL;ksa esa erHksn gks x;kA vkSj
dkj.k tks Hkh gksa] mu ij ,d vkjksi ;g Hkh
yxk fd mUgksaus vius MkDVj csVs dks vLFkk;h
rkSj ij es;ks vLirky esa vflLVsaV ltZu dh
ukSdjh ns nh gSA vkt bl rjg dk gYdk&
QqYdk vkjksi lqudj vk'p;Z gksrk gSA mu fnuksa
;g ,d vijkèk ekuk tkrk FkkA M-
[kjs ls tokc rych gqbZA lkjk eaf=eaMy gh
ukxiqj vkSj lsokxzke vkrk tkrk jgkA fQj
dkaxzsl dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr dh cSBd oèkkZ
esa vk;ksftr dh xbZA dkaxzsl ds lnL; u gksrs
gq, Hkh xkaèkh th dh mifLFkfr rks
vfuok;Z Fkh ghA
mu fnuksa jk"Vªifr ;kuh fd dkaxzslkè;{k
usrkth lqHkk"kpUæ cksl FksA dk;Zdkfj.kh
lfefr ds lnL;ksa esa ia- tokgj yky usg:]
ljnkj iVsy] ekSykuk vktkn] jktsUæ
ckcw] 'kadj jko nso] lhekUr xkaèkh]
vkpk;Z -iykuh] jktk th vkfn gqvk djrs FksA
bu lHkh usrkvksa dks LVs'ku ls ctktokM+h
¼teukyky th ctkt dk vfrfFk x`g½
rd ykus ys tkus dh MîwVh gekjs cksfMax
gkml ds Nk=ksa ij jgrh FkhA Hkkstu dh O;oLFkk
efgyk vkJe dh Nk=k,a djrha vkSj ijkslxkjh
rFkk iÙkysa fcNkuk& mBkuk ge
yksxA
M- [kjs okyk fookn dkQh fnu rd pykA
xkaèkh th dks lsokxzke ls oèkkZ
vkuk& tkuk iM+rkA ;fn le; gks rks 'kke
dks vfèkdka'k usrkx.k lsokxzke Hkh
tkrsA bUgha fnuksa ,d fnu tksjnkj ckfj'k
gks xbZA lsokxzke dk jkLrk dqN iDdk dqN
dPpk FkkA ml fnu dkj ugha vk ldhA xkaèkhth
^vkDlQksMZ^ esa vk;sA bl vkDlQksMZ dh Hkh
,d dgkuh gSA
1930 esa ued lR;kxzg ds uke ls çfl)
vkUnksyu dks ikBdx.k tkurs gksaxsA rc lkcjerh
vkJe ls nkaMh dh vksj dwp djrs le; xkaèkh
th us çfrKk dh Fkh fd os vc LojkT;
ysdj gh lkcjerh ykSVsaxsA ;fn mudk ;g vkanksyu
vlQy gks x;k rks os lkcjerh u vkdj dgha
vkSj vkJe cuk,axsA ued lR;kxzg rks [kwc
pykA yk[kksa lR;kxzgh tsy x,A
ijUrq LojkT; gkfly ugha gqvkA viuh çfrKk
ds vuqlkj xkaèkhth lkcjerh ugha x,A
dkaxzsl ds Hkkek'kkg Jh teukyky ctkt dk
igys ls gh vkxzg Fkk fd os oèkkZ
esa jgsaA ued vkanksyu ds ckn os oèkkZ
esa gh vk clsA ijUrq os 'kgj esa ugha jguk
pkgrs FksA fdlh nsgkr esa gh vkJe cukus
dk QSlyk dj fy;k FkkA mUgsa dbZ nsgkr crk,
x,A var esa mUgksaus oèkkZ ls 5 ehy
nwj 'ksxkao uke dk LFkku ilan fd;kA 300&400
dh vkcknh okyk NksVk lk xkaoA os lkjh cqjkb;ka
Hkh ogka ekStwn Fkha tks Hkkjrh; xzkE; lekt
esa vkSj txg Hkh gqvk djrh FkhaA gfjtuksa
dh cfLr;ka vyxA NqvkNwr jksx] ePNj lHkh
dqNA bu lcls vfèkd dfBukbZ ;g fd
oèkkZ ls 'ksxkao tkus ds fy, dksbZ
iDdh lM+d ugha FkhA cSyxkM+h gh ,dek= lkèku
FkkA
xkaèkh th us 'ksxkao ls yxh gqbZ
tehu dk pquko dj fy;kA la;ksx fd ;g Hkw[k.M
[kjhnuk ugha iM+kA ;gka teukykyk th dk cxhpk
FkkA [ksrh FkhA ogha vkJe cukus dk dke 'kq:
dj fn;k x;kA tc rd vkJe u cus xkaèkh
th oèkkZ esa jgsaxsA èkhjs&
èkhjs 'ksxkao vkJe rS;kj gks x;kA
xkaèkh th tgka jgs ogka i= rks gtkjksa
dh la[;k esa vkus FksA blfy, iksLV vkfQl
Hkh [kqy x;k vkSj rkj ?kj HkhA ysfdu iDdh
lM+d ugha cuhA ih-MCY;w-Mh- ¼;kfu
dh çkarh; ljdkj½ rks cuk,
gh D;ksaA fMfLVªDV cksMZ us ;g ekxZ
iDdk djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA ysfdu vFkkZHkko
esa ;g lM+d viuh jrkj ls gh cu ldhA
lM+d viuh xfr ls Hkys gh cus xkaèkh
th dks rks oèkkZ vkSj ckgj vkuk&
tkuk gh iM+rkA muds ikl vkus okys jk"Vªh;
usrk rFkk fons'kh i=dkj vkfn dh Hkh deh
ugha FkhA dPph lM+d ij xeÊ& BaM
ds ekSle esa rks dkj py tkrh ijUrq cjlkr
esa ;g laHko ugha FkkA teukyky th us blds
fy, ,d rjdhc fudkyhA muds ikl ,d iqjkuh
QksMZ dkj FkhA mlds lkeus okyh lhV dk fLV;fjax]
Ms'kcksMZ vkfn okyk fgLlk dkV fn;k x;kA
xkM+h esa èkqjs yxk fn, x, vkSj cSy
tksrus ds fy, tqvkjh HkhA vc cjlkr esa tc
dHkh xkaèkh th ;k vU; usrkvksa dks
oèkkZ ls lsokxzke vkuk& tkuk
gksrk rks os blh QksMZ uqek cSyxkM+h ls
tkrsA ,d ckj ljnkj iVsy dks Hkh blh xkM+h
esa ;k=k djuk iM+hA mUgksaus mldk uke ^vkDlQksMZ^
j[k fn;kA rc ls ;gh uke çpfyr gks
x;kA
iwoZ eè;çkar ,oa fonHkZ ds
rRdkyhu çèkkuea=h M-
,u-ch- [kjs ij çLrkfor vuq'kklu dh
dkjZokbZ ds lanHkZ esa u dsoy eè;çkUr&
cjkj oju lkjs ns'k ds gh jktuhfrd okrkoj.k
esa ,d mFky& iqFky lh ep x;h FkhA ,d
vkn'kZoknh laxBu gksus ds ukrs dkaxzsl vius
lnL;ksa ds vkpj.k& crkZo esa fdlh Hkh
çdkj dh vuq'kklughurk dks utj vankt
djus ds i{k esa ugha FkhA ,d vksj ljnkj
iVsy dk dM+k #[k vkSj nwljh vksj xkaèkh
th dh fl)kUrfç;rk ds dkj.k M-
[kjs nks"kh ekus x, FksA M- [kjs
us viuk eaf=eaMy Hkax dj ,d u;k eaf=eaMy
Hkh xfBr dj fy;k FkkA ;g dne mBkrs le; mUgksaus
dkaxzsl foèkk;d ny dh cSBd cqykuk
Hkh t:jh ugha le>kA çkUrksa esa
igyh ckj lfefr yksdrkaf=d 'kklu LFkkfir
gqvk FkkA dkaxzsl ,d vPNs rFkk l{ke ç'kklu
dh Nfo cukuk pkgrh FkhA blfy, og vuq'kklu
ikyu esa tjk Hkh f'kfFkyrk ugha cjruk pkgrh
FkhA pawfd M- [kjs ukxiqj ds Fks rFkk
oèkkZ Hkh ejkBh Hkk"kh {ks=
esa Fkk] blfy, M- [kjs ds i{k&
foi{k ds yksxksa dk xkaèkh th ds
ikl cgqrk;r ls vkuk& tkuk gks jgk FkkA
lsokxzke rFkk oèkkZ nksuksa gh dkaxzsl
dh xfrfofèk;ksa ds dsUæ cu
x, FksA
bl flyflys esa dkaxzsl dh vfèkdka'k
cSBdsa oèkkZ esa gh vk;ksftr gqbZaA
xkaèkh th Bhd le; ij vkrs vkSj fuèkkZfjr
le; ij lsokxzke okil pys tkrsA M-
[kjs ij D;k cgl gqbZ vFkok fd mudk vijkèk
D;k Fkk] bldh ifjiDo le> u gksrs gq,
Hkh vf[ky Hkkjrh; usrkvksa dks cgqr djhc
ls ns[kus dk ,d vyx gh lq[k FkkA ekjokM+h
rFkk LokoyEch cksfMax ds ge Lo;alsod Nk=x.k
;gh ç;Ru djrs fd cM+s ls cM+s usrk
dh lsok esa yxk, tk,a T;knkrj Lokoyach Nk=kokl
ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks gh volj feyrkA ekjokM+h
Nk=kokl laiUu ifjokj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds
fy, FkkA muesa ls fojy Nk= gh lsok dk;Z
ds fy, vkxs vkrs vFkok fd pqus tkrsA LVs'ku
ij usrkvksa dk lkeku mBkuk] fQj ctktokM+h
vfrfFk x`g esa lkeku igqapkuk vkfn Jelkè;
dk;Z FksA LokoyEch Nk=kokl ds Nk=ksa dks
;g NwV ugha feyrh FkhA mUgsa usrk fuokl
esa jkf= esa Hkh pkSdlh djuh gksrh FkhA
;gh le; gksrk Fkk tc ge yksx ç;Ru
djrs Fks fd tc MîwVh nsuh gh gS rks
fdlh cM+s usrk dk lkfUuè; rks feysA
xkaèkh thds vklikl eaMjkus dk volj
Hkh bu cSBdksa ds nkSjku feyrk FkkA muds
eqag ls dksbZ vko';drk fudyh ugha fd ftlds
dku esa Hkud iM+ xbZ ogh nkSM+ iM+rk FkkA
xkaèkh th dk Hkkstu rks vyx gh gqvk
djrk FkkA os lkekU;r: lcds lkFk Hkkstu ij
cSBrs Hkh ugha FksA lsokxzke tkdj Hkkstu&
foJke dj ykSVrsA dHkh iaxr esa cSB Hkh x,
rks muds futh ifjpkjd gh mudh lqfoèkk
dk è;ku j[krsA Hkkstu ds le; ge yksx
bl ckr dh Vksg yxkrs jgrs fd ia- usg:] ljnkj
iVsy] ckn'kkg [kku] vkpk;Z ujsUæ nso]
t;çdk'k ukjk;.k] vkpk;Z -iykuh tSlh
foHkwfr;ka fdl ykbu esa cSBk;h tk,axhA gj
,d dh ;gh dksf'k'k jgrh fd bu yksxksa dh
lsok djus dk ekSdk feysA eSa bl ekeys esadqN
gksf'k;kjh ¼;k pkykdh dg yhft,½
ls dke ysrkA Lo- Jh nkeksnjnkl ewaèkM+k
cgqèkk jlksbZ ?kj ds pktZ esa jgrsA
cSBus dh O;oLFkk os djrs ;k muds funZs'ku
esa muds vuqt Jh y{ehukjk;.k HkkjrhA Jh
Hkkjrh eq>ls FkksM+s gh cM+s FksA esjk
muls ifjp; Hkh gks x;k FkkA vr% muls eq>s
bl rjg dh vfxze tkudkjh fey tkrhA cl] eSa
;gh ç;kl djrk fd mlh ykbu dh ftEesokjhywa
tgka usg: th cSBsaxsA Hkkstu ijkslus vkSj
pVuh&ikuh igqapkus rd dh NksVh ftEesnkjh
dk fuokZg djus esa Hkh ,d xkSjo vuqHko gksrk
FkkA Hkkstu lekIr gksus ij >wBh iÙkysa
mBkus esa Hkhk ,d gksM+ lh yx tkrh FkhA
dkSu fdrus cM+s usrk dh iÙky mBk
ikrk gSA
uoha d{kk dh i<+kbZ Hkh py jgh FkhA vkSj
jk"Vªh; usrkvksa dks fudV ls ns[kus
le>us dk vH;kl HkhA [ksn gS fd eSa vfèkd
fnuksa rd bl lq[k dk vfèkdkjh ugha
jg ldkA chekj gks tkus ds dkj.k 'kS{kf.kd
o"kZ iwjk gksus ds ifgys gh eq>s
oèkkZ NksM+ nsuk iM+kA 1941 esa eSfVªd
ikl dj eSa fQj oèkkZ vk x;kA Nk=kokl
rks ogh jgk ijUrq dyst dk fo|kFkÊ
gksus ds dkj.k vuq'kklu ds fu;eksa esa FkksM+h
ujeh cjrh tkus yxhA la;ksx ls mUgha fnuksa
jkeiqjk& Hkkuiqjk ¼gksYdj LVsV½
ds ,d Nk= Jh ih-th- djis esjs lgikBh gksdj
vk,A muds ekek ikyusjdjth ¼M-
çHkkdj ekpos ds llqj½ lsokxzke
dh Ms;jh ds bapktZ FksA çHkkdj ¼djis½
'kfuokj& brokj dks vius ekek ls feyus
lsokxzke tkrsA eSa vDlj muds lkFk gh tkrkA
'kke dks ge yksx ckiw dh çkFkZuk
lHkk esa Hkh 'kkfey gksrsA lsokxzke vkus
okys usrk rFkk i=dkj Hkh çkFkZuk
esa 'kkfey gksrsA ikyusjdj th ls gesa lsokxzke
dh >kadh ns[kus dk ekSdk feyrkA muls
geyksx?kaVs nks ?kaVs ckr Hkh dj ysrs FksA
dbZ ckj vusd rjg ds pfj=ksa dks le>us
dk volj Hkh vkrkA
okLro esa] ikyusjdj th bl ckr ls rks çlUu
gksrs fd ge yksx muds ikl vkrs&tkrs
gSa] ijUrq mudk ç;Ru ;gh jgrk fd
ge vkJe& thou ds ckjs esa vfèkd
#fp u ysaA ,d fnu eSaus muls iwN ghfy;k
fd os gesa vkJe thou ls fu#Rlkfgr D;ksa
djrs gSaA mUgksaus tks dgk og vkt Hkh fdlh
dlkSVh ij [kjk mrjrk gSA
mudk dguk Fkk fd vkJe dk thou la;e ,oa lkèkuk
dh dBksj ijh{kk gSA ;ksa rks vkJe esa 250&
300 dk;ZdrkZ fuokl djrs gSa] ij lHkh yksx
vkJe ds fu;eksa ds vuqdwy vkpj.k ugha dj
ikrsA dHkh& dHkh rks ,slh Hkh fLFkfr
vk tkrh gSfd HkkbZ& cguksa ds thou ;kiu
djus dh çfrKk ysus okys vkJe oklh
Hkh vuSfrd vkpj.k ds nks"kh ik, tkrs
gSaA ckiw mUgsa f>M+drs& MkaVrs rks
gSa gh] muds nks"k dk çk;f'pr
djus ds fy, xqipqi miokl Hkh djrs gSaA vkJe
dh fdlh çdkj dh cnukeh gks] bls xkaèkhth
dSls lgu djsa\ os rks çR;sd oklh
ls mrus gh Åaps vkn'kZe; thou dh vis{kk
djrs gSa] tSlk fd mudk Lo;a dk gSA ikyusjdj
th us ;g Hkh crk;k fd vkJeoklh dHkh&
dHkh rks ckiw dks >kalk nsus esa Hkh
ugha pwdrsA dHkh fdlh HkkbZ dks tqdke gks
x;k rks og ckiw ds ikl igqapsxkA viuh rdyhQ
crk,xkA fQj lhèkk loky djsxk] ^ckiw]
ekSlEch dk jl fiÅa ;k vaxwj [kkÅaA^
eryc ;g fd ckiw ds lkeus Hkh nks esa ls
,d gh fodYi gSA os ^miokl j[kks^ tSlh lykg
ns nsa rks tqdke ihfM+r O;fä dks cM+h
rdyhQ gks tkrh gSA
dHkh& dHkh ge yksx ckiw vkSj ck ds ckjs
esa Hkh ikyusjdj th ls iwN fy;k djrs FksA
mUgksaus crk;k fd ck ;fn fdlh çlax
esa fu.kZ; ns nsa rks ckiw vDlj pqi jg tkrs
gSaA ,sls çlax NksVh& NksVh ikfjokfjd
?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa Hkh gks ldrs gSa vkSj
vkJe dh leLr uhfr fuèkkZj.k dks Hkh
ysdjA la;ksx fd mlh fnu dh çkFkZuk
lHkk esa eSaus ifgyh ckj çHkkorhth
dks ns[kkA ,d 'kkUr] lkSE; xfjeke; O;fäRoA
ckiw& ck ds çlax dks ysdj ikyusjdj
xq#thus ,d csgn ikfjokfjd ?kVuk lqukbZA
t;çdk'k th ekDlZoknh Økafrdkjh
fopkjèkkjk okys vkS çHkkorhth
,d lefiZr xkaèkhoknh ifjokj dh csVhA
t;çdk'k th i<+kbZ tkjh j[kus ds
fy, vesfjdk pys x, rFkk çHkkorh th
lsokxzke vkJe vk x;haA t;çdk'k th
pkgrs Fks fd çHkkorh th vius ekFks
ij lqgkx& fcanh u yxk,aA mUgksaus xkaèkh
th dks Hkh jkth dj fy;k vkSj çHkkorh
th dks fcfUn;k us yxkus ds fy, dgk x;kA
os bl rjg dh vkKk dk ikyu djuk Hkkjrh; laL-fr
ds fo#) ekurh FkhaA fQj Hkh] tc xkaèkh
th muds ifr ls lger gks tk,a rks fodYi D;kA
mUgksaus fcUnh yxkuk can dj fn;kA ,d nksfnu
rks ck dqN u cksyhaA fQj vpkud iwN gh fy;k]
'çHkkorh] D;k vkJe esa rq> ij
bruh vfèkd ftEesnkjh vk x;h fd ekFks
ij fcUnh yxkus dh Qqjlr Hkh ugha fey ikrh\^
^ugha ck] ,slh ckr ugha gSA ^osÓ
ugha pkgrs fd eSa fcUnh yxkÅaA^
^oks dkSu gksrk gS ,slk pkgus okykA dksbZ
lqgkfxuh ukjh fcUnh u yxk,] dgha ,slk Hkh
gksrk gS gekjs jhfr& fjokt esa\^
^ckiw D;k tkusaA rwus eq>s ifgys gh D;ksa
ugha crk;kA tk] vHkh fcUnh yxkdj vkA^ ck
us lCth dh Vksdjh vkSj çHkkorh th
ds gkFk ls pkdw ys fy;sA os fcUnh yxkdj
ykSVha vkSj fufoZdkj vius dke ls yx x;haA
u ck us dqN dgk vkSj u çHkkorh us
dqN iwNkA ijUrq xkaèkhth us ;g cnyko
ns[k gh fy;kA Hkkstu ds le; mUgksaus çHkkorhth
dks Vksdk] ^fQj ;g fcUnh yxk yhA^
cl ck fcQj x;haA ^rqe yksx dqN le>rs
Hkh gks fd ughaA lqgkfxu yM+dh dk ekFkk
lwuk dSls jgsxkA dqN mlus dgk vkSj dqN rqeus
gqdqe ctk fn;kA vkSjrksa ds ,sls ekeyksa
esa er iM+k djksA^
^vPNk] vPNkA rqe ck& csVh tkuksA^ dgdj
ckiw eqLdjk fn,A ikyusjdjth rks Fks gh esjs]
,d vksj fudVLFk O;fä lsokxzke vk x,A
os gSa çks- egs'knÙk feJA
xkaèkh th ds futh lfpo egknsoHkkbZ
nslkbZ vLoLFk gks x, vFkok fdlh dke ls lsokxzke
ls ckgj pys x,] ;g rks dqN Bhd& Bhd
Lej.k ughaA egs'k HkkbZ mrus fnuksa ds fy,
xkaèkhth ds lfpo gks x,A egs'kHkkbZ
esjs ftys ds gh gSaA dksbZ iqjkuk ifjp;
rks ugha FkkA uke t:j lqu j[kk FkkA muls
igyh HksaV lsokxzke esa gh gqbZA muds dkj.k
Hkh esjk lsokxzke vkuk& tkuk gksrk jgkA
ijUrq vc lsokxzkemruk 'kkUr ugha Fkk ftruk
1938 esaA 1939 esa ckcw lqHkk"k pUæ
cksl rFkk M- iêkfHklhrkjkeS;k
ds chp jk"Vªifr¼dkaxzslkè;{k½
in ds fy, pquko gqvkA xkaèkhth M-
iêkfHk ds i{k esa Fks] ijUrq thr gqbZ
lqHkk"k ckcw dhA ekpZ 1939 esa f=iqjh
¼tcyiqj½ esa dkaxzsl dk ckouoka
vfèkos'ku gqvkA xkaèkh th
mlesa 'kkfey ugha gq,A 'iêkfHk dh
gkj esjh gkj gS]Ó dgdj os jktdksV
ujs'k }kjk ihfM+r çtk ds i{k esa
vkanksyu djus jktdksV pys x,A f=iqjh esa
dkaxzsl dk vfèkos'ku gks jgk Fkk
vkSj jktdksV esa xkaèkh th vu'ku
ij cSBs FksA vUrr: lqHkk"k ckcw dkaxzsl
ls vyx gks x,A mUgksaus QkoZMZ Cykd uke
ls vyx laLFkk dk xBu fd;kA bèkj nwljk
foÜo;qn~?k Hkh çkjaHk gks x;kA
1940 esa lqHkk"k ckcw utjcanh ls Hkkx
fudysA bèkj xkaèkh th us vaxzst
ljdkj ds f[kykQ O;fäxr lR;kxzg 'kq:
dj fn;kA igys lR;kxzgh gq, fouksck HkkosA
gj ftys ls lR;kxzfg;ksa dk p;u fd;k tkus
yxkA lR;kxzfg;ksa dk p;u Lo;a xkaèkh
th djrs FksA ftl dk;ZdrkZ dk p;u fd;k tkrk
og ftykè;{k dks lR;kxzg çkjaHk
djus dh rkjh[k] le; rFkk LFkku dh lwpuk
HkstrkA fQj fuèkkZfjr le; ij lR;kxzg
çkjaHk gks tkrkA dHkh ,d lR;kxzgh
dHkh 2&4 dk ,d tRFkk lkFk esa iqfyl
dk ,d flikghA tgka dk vkns'k gksrk] ml LFkku
ij ;g flikgh lR;kxzfg;ksa dks fxjrkj dj
ysrkA lR;kxzg ds nkSjku Hkh] in;k=k vkSj
fxjrkjh ds ckn Hkh Hkkjr ekrk dh t;] Hkkjr
vktkn gks] bUdykc ftUnkckn] egkRek xkaèkh
dh t; vkfn ukjs yxrs] tulHkk gksrh] Hkk"k.k
gksrs vkSj tgka xkaèkh th dk funZs'k
gksrk ml xkao esa jkf= foJkeA fxjrkjh ds
ckn Hkk"k.k Hkh cUn vkSj ukjs HkhA
lR;kxzgh dk ;gh pfj= gksrk FkkA bUgha fnuksa
eSa esfVªd dh ijh{kk nsdj xzh"ekodk'k
esa vius xkao [kkij[ksM+k ¼gks'kaxkckn½
vk x;kA lR;kxzfg;ksa ds tRFks esjs xkao
Hkh vkus yxsA
lR;kxzgh dHkh 'kke dks vkrs rks dHkh 10&
11 cts fnu esaA os Bgjrs rks lkekU;r% esjs
dkdk Jh ujflag nkl th ds ;gkaA ij mudh lsok
djuh iM+rh eq>sA Hkkstu lkexzh dkdkth
ds ;gka ls feyrh Hkkstu rS;kj djds lR;kxzfg;ksa
dks f[kykus dk nkf;Ro esjkA dHkh& dHkh
rks 5&6 lR;kxzgh vyx& vyx fn'kkvksa
ls vk tkrsA vçSy& ebZ dh xjeh
esa Hkkstu cukdj f[kykus dh rdyhQ rks viuh
txg Fkh] ijUrq bl ihM+k dk ,d vfuoZpuh;
lq[k Hkh FkkA Hkkstu flQZ lR;kxzgh gh djrs]
rc Hkh xuher FkhA muds lkFk vkus okys flikgh
;k flikfg;ksa dks Hkkstu djkuk Hkh lR;kxzg
dh e;kZnk ls tqM+k Fkk 'kk;nA ;ksa rks vaxzst
ljdkj ml flikgh dks nSfud HkÙkk nsrh
Fkh] ijUrq lR;kxzgh dgrs] ^HkkbZ] ;g cspkjk
Hkh gekjh rjg èkwi esa py jgk gSA
bls vyx D;ksa ekurs gksA^ vkSj bl rjg vfrfFk;ksa
esa ,d nks vkSj 'kkfey gks tkrsA
10&5 fnu ckn rks ;gh flyflyk gks x;k
fd fdlh tRFks us xkao esa ços'k fd;k
ugha fd xzkeoklh mUgsa esjs ?kj dk irk ns
nsrs ;k fdlh dks lkFk dj nsrsA vkxs&
vkxs frjaxk ¼pj[ks okyk½ fy,
gq, lR;kxzgh] ihNs& ihNs xzketu vkSj
lcds ihNs flikghA xkao ds iVsy ;k ekyxqtkj
ds ;gka rks ;s yksx tk ugha ldrs FksA os
ljdkjh vkneh ghekus tkrs FksA ,slh fLFkfr
esa xkao dk dksbZ dkaxzsl dk;ZdrkZ gh lR;kxzfg;ksa
dh lsok djrk FkkA ;fn xkaèkh th ds
ikl fdlh lR;kxzgh dh f'kdk;r igqap x;h ;k
lR;kxzg ds fu;eksa ds f[kykQ fdlh us vkpj.k
fd;k rks mls lR;kxzg ds nkf;Ro ls eqä
gks tkus dk vkns'k ml xkao esa igqapk fn;k
tkrk FkkA tgka mlds gksus dk dk;ZØe
r; gksrk FkkA ;fn fdlh lR;kxzgh us fuèkkZfjr
fnu ;k le; ij lR;kxzg çkjaHk ugha
fd;k rks mls Hkh vuq'kklu dh dkjZokbZ dk
lkeuk djuk iM+rk FkkA lR;kxzg dk vkns'k
okil ys fy;k tkrk FkkA
dSls Fks pfj=oku os yksx] vkSj dSlk Fkk
,d vdsys ckiw dk usr`Ro\
1939 esa f}rh; foÜo;q) çkjaHk
gks x;k FkkA vaxzst ljdkj pkgrh Fkh fd dkaxzsl
bl ;q) esa baXyS.M dk leFkZu djsA ;q) lekIr
gksus ij Hkkjr dks Lora= djus ij fopkj fd;k
tk,xkA xkaèkhth fczfV'k ljdkj dh
bl uhfr ls lger ugha FksA mudh lkQ ekax
Fkh fd Hkkjr ds Lokèkhu gksus ij
gh fczVsu dks ;qn~?k esa lgk;rk nsus dh
ckr lksph tk ldrh gSA blds fy, vaxzst ljdkj
lger ugha FkhA dkaxzsl us ;q) uhfr dk fojksèk
djus dk fu'p; fd;kA ftu çkUrksa esa
dkaxzsl ljdkjsa Fkha] mUgksaus R;kxi= ns
fn;kA QkSt esa Hkkjrh; lSfudksa dh Hkjrh
ds fo#) vkUnksyu NsMu+s dk fu'p; fd;k x;k]
blhfy, O;fäxr lR;kxzg dk tUe gqvkA
lR;kxzgh xkao& xkao esa tkdj ;q) fojksèkh
Hkk"k.k nsrs Fks vkSj turk ls vkxzg
djrs Fks fd muds xkao ls dksbZ Hkh lsuk
esa Hkjrh u gksA bl vfHk;ku dk vkSj dqN
çHkko iM+k gks ;k ugha] bruk vo';
gqvk fd ;q) ds fo#) ,d okrkoj.k cukA
fu'p; gh dkaxzsl teZuh ;k tkiku ds i{k esa
ugha FkhA og yksdrkaf=d ljdkjksa dh ijkt;
Hkh ugha pkgrh Fkh] ijUrq ;g Hkh ugha pkgrh
Fkh fd Hkkjrh; turk ;q) esa rks fczVsu dk
leFkZu djs] ijUrq mls Lokèkhurk dk
vfèkdkj u feysA dkaxzsl ds fojksèk
ds dkj.k vaxzst ljdkj dks viuh uhfr ij iqufoZpkj
djuk iM+kA dkaxzsl ls okrkZ djus ds fy,
lj LVsQksMZ fØIl us xkaèkh
thlfgr dkaxzsl ds usrkvksa ls ppkZ dhA;g
vkÜoklu Hkh fn;k fd ;q) lekfIr ij Hkkjr
dks vktkndj fn;k tk,xkA oèkkZ esa
dkaxzsl usrkvksa dh cSBd gqbZA vkSj var
esa xkaèkh th us lj fØIl ds
vkd"kZd vkÜokluksa dk ,d laf{kIr
lk mÙkj ns fn;kA OgkbZ Mw ;w fxo
vl , iksLV MsVsM psd vku , Øsf'kax
cSad ¼ vki gesa ,d fnokfy;k gks jgs
cSad ij vxyh rkjh[k dk psd D;ksa ns jgs
gSaA½ bl okD; ds lkFk fØIl
okrkZ vlQy gks xbZA ;ksa lj fØIl
vU; Hkkjrh; usrkvksa ls Hkh feysA lcus vius&
vius <ax ls lq>ko fn,A bl lanHkZ esa
eq>s Jh bZ- jk?kosUæjko dk lq>ko
Hkh ;kn vk jgk gSA os ok;ljk; dh ,DthD;wfVo
dkSafly ds lnL; Hkh FksA mUgksaus çLrko
fd;k Fkk fd ok;ljk; dh dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr
iquxZfBr dh tk,A mlesa Hkkjrh;ksa dh la[;k
rks vfèkd gks gh] çfrj{kk
foHkkx Hkh dekfMax bu phQ ds ctk, Hkkjrh;
lnL; dks lkSaik tk,A fØIl dqN eqíksa
ij lger gks x, FksA blls ok;ljk;] ykMZ fyufyFkxks
fpfUrr gks x,A mUgksaus fØIl dk fojksèk
djrs gq, baXyS.M rkj HkstkA QyLo:i fØIl
fe'ku okil cqyk fy;k x;kA
fØIl fe'ku dh okilh ds ckn ns'k esa
jktuSfrd xfrfofèk;ksa esa fQj mQku
vk;kA dqN ny rks fczfV'k ljdkj dk leFkZu
dj jgs Fks fdUrq dkaxzsl rFkk vU; dqN ikfVZ;ka
Lokèkhurk dh ekax rst djus yxhaA
blh chp nks vkSj ?kVuk,a gqbZaA teZuh vkSj
:l çkjaHk esa rks lkFk Fks] ijUrq
1941 esa teZuh us :l ij gh vkØe.k
dj fn;kA Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVÊ] tks
vHkh rd fczVsu fojksèkh Fkh] dk utfj;k
cny x;kA fczVsu rFkk :l fe= jk"Vª
gks x,A tkiku }kjk iyZ gkoZj ij geyk dj
nsus ls vesfjdk Hkh ;q) esa lfØ;
gks x;kA Hkkdik dh -f"V esa foÜo;q)
^yksd;q)^ gks x;kA nwljh ?kVuk gqbZ Hkkjrh;
jktuSfrd iVy ijA dkaxzsl ds gh ,d çeq[k
LraHk Jh jktxksikykpkjh us Jh eksgEen vyh
ftUuk dh ikfdLrku dh ekax Lohdkj dj yh]
bl 'krZ ds lkFk fd ftUuk lkgc ftl Hkkx dks
ikfdLrku esa 'kkfey ekurs gSa] ogka tuer
laxzg djk fy;k tk,xkA ;fn tuer ikfdLrku
ds i{k esa tkrk gS rks ftUuk lkgc dh ekax
Lohdkj dj yh tk,xhA
ns'k ds okrkoj.k esa ,d cspSuh iSnk gks
x;h FkhA dkaxzsl us bl le; dk ykHk ysuk
mfpr le>kA ^djks ;k ejks^ dk ukjk nsus
ds iwoZ oèkkZ esa ,-vkbZ-lh-lh- dh
cSBd gqbZA ge yksxksa dks nks &pkj fnu
fQj dkaxzsl ds 'kh"kZ usr`Ro dh lsok
esa yxk fn;k x;kA eq>s jkf= esa ia- usg:]
ekSykuk vktkn rFkk vkpk;Z -iykuh ds dejksa
ij MîwVh nh x;hA ekSykuk lkgc rc jk"Vªifr
¼dkaxzslkè;{k½ FksA
lqcg dh pk; ;k rks ekSykuk lkgc ds dejs
esa gksrh ;k usg:th dsA,slh gh ,d lqcg tc
eSa pk; ysdj usg: th ds dejs esa igqapk
rks ,d vthc utkjk ns[kkA vthc blfy, fd fnu
Hkj rks cgqr xaHkhj rFkk mÙkstd cgl
gksrhA mldh rqyuk esa lqcg dk okrkoj.k cgqr
gYdk& QqYdkA eSa lcdh #fp ds vuqlkj
vyx& vyx I;kfy;ka rS;kj dj jgk Fkk]
rc dh fnypLi okrkZ dh ,d felky&
^vkb;s -iykuh th] bu fnuksa rks gj ,d dh
tcku ij cl ekSykuk lkgc dk gh uke gSA^ usg:th
us dgkA
^D;ksa ugha gksxkA oks dkaxzsl dk çslhMsUV
gSA^ -iykuhth us rkbZn dhA
---fe;kaA [kke[kokg eq>s D;ksa ?klhVrs
gks] t; rks tokgjyky dh cksyh tkrh gSA^
ekSykuk us ckr dh fn'kk cnyhA
^HkbZ] ;g Hkh D;k ckr gSA bu fnuksa yksx
lqcg Hkxoku ds lkFk rqEgkjk gh uke ti jgs
gSaA^ usg:th us fQj ckr vkxs c<+kbZA
^veka] gekjk D;k\ ge rks xkaèkhth
ds eqjhn gSaA cl mudk gqdqe ctkrs gSaA^
t:j--- t:jA oks cqïk t:j dqN djus ij
vkenk gSA Llkyk tkus fdrus dks ejok;sxkA
vkSj mlds lkFk ge lc Hkh ejsxkA^ -iykuhth
galrs gq, cksysA
10& 15 fefuV okrkoj.k ,sls gkl ifjgkl
dk jgkA -iykuh th us nks& rhu ckj vyx&
vyx yksxksa ds fy, ^Llkyk^ 'kCn dk ç;ksx
fd;kA eq>s yxk fd ;g mudk rfd;k dyke
gSA
dqN fnuksa ckn gh vxLr 1942 esa cEcbZ dk
dkaxzsl dk vfèkos'ku gqvkA xkaèkh
th ds ^djks ;k ejks^ ukjs ls lkjs ns'k esa
Hkkjh gypy 'kq: gks x;hA eSa rc oèkkZ
esa gh FkkA gekjs dkyst ds çkpk;Z
JheUukjk;.k vxzoky dydÙks ls ykSVrs
gq, cUnh cuk fy, x,A mi& çkpk;Z
Jh Hkxor'kj.k vèkkSfy;k dyst
tk jgs Fks fd ,d vaxzst lktZsUV dks mÙksftr
HkhM+ ij ykBh pykrs gq, ns[kdj Lo;a mÙksftr
gks x,A rkaxs ls mrjdj ogha ,d Hkk"k.k
ns fn;k vkSj lhèks tsy Hkst fn, x,A
gekjs dyst ds fo|kFkÊ bl okrkoj.k
ls D;k vNwrs jgrsA LVs'ku ij gqbZ ,d vkelHkk
esa ge yksxksa us Hkh rh[ks Hkk"k.k
ns MkysA gksLVy vkdj eSaus firkth dks i=
fy[kkA ^eSa ugha pkgrk fd iwoZtksa dk [kwu
esjh ulksa esa ;wa gh lw[k tk,A ljdkj us
gekjk dyst can dj fn;k gSA vU; dqN
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk eSa Hkh tsy tk jgk
gwaA^ eq>s foÜokl Fkk fd LVs'ku
ij fn, Hkk"k.k ds ckn eq>s iqfyl
NksM+sxh ughaA ij ,slk dqN gqvk ughaA rhu
pkj fnu esa gh firkth dk i= vk;kA ^rqEgkjk
fopkj cgqr vPNk gSA;fn rqe vHkh gksLVy esa
gh gks rks ,d ckj ge yksxksa ls feyus vk
tkvksA^
mu fnuksa jk; lkgc djrkjukFk ¼vfHkusrk
çseukFk ds firk½ oèkkZ
ds ,l-ih- FksA mUgksaus ljdkj dks Qksu fd;k
fd oèkkZ dk dkelZ dyst xkaèkh
dk foÜofo|ky; gSA ;gka cgqr vjktdrk
QSy jgh gSA dyst ij rkyk yxkus dh
vuqefr nh tk,A çkUrh; ljdkj us djrkjukFk
th dk lq>ko Lohdkj dj fy;kA iqfyl us
gekjs dyst ij rkyk tM+ fn;kA firkth
dk i= feyus ij eSa ?kj vk x;kA ifjokj esa
ge dqy pkj çk.khA firkth] eka] eSa
vkSj esjh iRuhA esjs vkrs gh eka us jks&
jksdj ?kj Hkj fn;kA mldk bdykSrk csVk tsy
tk,] ;g mls lgu ugha FkkA firkth ekSuA eSa
<hyk iM+ x;kA iksLV vkfQl dk fMCck tyk
nsuk tSlh FkksM+h& cgqr rksMQ+ksM+ djrk
jgkA ,d fnu fiifj;k ds Fkkusnkj Jh ts-,u-
voLFkh ¼os 1959&60 esa jk;iqj
ds Mh-vkbZ-th- gq,½ rFkk cM[k+sM+h
ds Fkkusnkj fjNkfj;k gekjs xkao vk;sA eq>s
ekyxqtkj lkgc ds ;gka cqyk;k x;kA esjs ,d
lg;ksxh dks rks fxjrkj dj fy, x;kA eq>s
NksM+ fn;kA ckn esa lkspk rks blh ifj.kke
ij igqapk fd 'kk;n gekjs ltkrh; ekyxqtkj
rFkk vU; yksxksa us esjh vksj ls mUgsa vkÜoLr
fd;k gksxkA
xkaèkhth vkxk[kka egy iwuk esaA vU;
jk"Vªh; usrkx.k vgenuxj fdys esaA
^yksd;q)^ dh igy djus okys Hkkdik usrk Hkh
ckgj jgs vkSj ikfdLrku dk lhfer leFkZu djus
okys jktkth dks Hkh fxjrkj ugha fd;k x;kA
,dkèk eghus esa tuthou lkekU; gks
x;kA eSa oèkkZ ykSV vk;kA gekjs dyst
dk rkyk rks ugha [kksyk x;k] ijUrq ukxiqj
foÜofo|ky; ds dqyifr Jh Vh-ts- dsnkj
us vU;= d{kk,a yxkus dh Loh-fr ns nhA bl
rjg ls 6 ekg ckn i<+kbZ 'kq: gks xbZA
;g lkQ utj vkus yxk Fkk fd ;q) ds ckn Hkkjr
vktkn gks tk,xkA dkaxzsl ds usrk rks can
Fks] ijUrq vU; ikfVZ;ksa ds usrkvksa us
ns'kO;kih nkSjs 'kq: dj fn, FksA 1944 esa
fgUnw egklHkk ds vè;{k M- ';kekçlkn
eqdtÊ dk oèkkZ vkxeu gqvkA
eqfLye yhx dh ikfdLrku ekax tksj idM+ jgh
FkhA ;g Hkh tkfgj gks jgk Fkk fd vaxzst
ljdkj Hkh ftUuk lkgc dh bl ekax dks vkxs
c<+k jgh gSA M- ';kekçlkn
eqdtÊ ikfdLrku dk fojksèk dj
jgs FksA oèkkZ ds U;w bafXy'k gkbZLdwy
ds gy esa mudh vkelHkk esa eSa Hkh
igqapkA M- eqdtÊ us nks eka
vkSj ,d csVs okyh dgkor dk mnkgj.k nsrs
gq, dgk fd ^udyh eka csVs dks nks VqdM+s
djus dh jktkKk ls lger gks ldrh gSA ge fgUnw
bl ns'k dh eka gSaA ge Hkkjr dks [kf.Mr
gksrs ugha ns[k ldrsA^ Hkk"k.k lekIr
gksus ij mUgksaus ç'uksa ds mÙkj
nsus dk vkOgku Hkh fd;kA vkSj lc Jksrk rks
cSBs jgsA eSa [kM+k gksx;kA ^MDVj
lkgc] rc rks csVs ¼Hkkjr½
dks [kf.Mr gksus ls cpkus ds fy, gesa vlyh
eka dh rjg mls udyh eka dks ns nsuk pkfg,A
ij ç'u ;g gS fd D;k jktk Hkh vlyh&udyh
eka dh ifgpku djuk pkgrk gSA^ ç'u
dkmÙkj feys] blds igys gh fgUnw jk"Vªokfn;ksa
us cSBks&cSBks ds ukjs yxk fn,AM-
eqdtÊ esjs ç'u ls rks lger
gq, ijUrq mÙkj ugha ns ldsA xksyeksy
;gh mÙkj fd gesa ns'k dk caVokjk
dnkfi Lohdkj ughaA
bl ?kVuk ds dqN le; iwoZ gh ns'k ds lqçfl)
m|ksxifr lsB jke-".k Mkyfe;k gekjs
dyst esa ièkkjs FksA fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dks mUgksaus ;Fkk;ksX; mins'k fn;k] vius
mRd"kZ dh dgkuh lqukbZ] foÜo jktuhfr
ij Hkh cksysA m|ksxifr gksrs gq, Hkh os
:l leFkZd gksus dk nkok dj jgs FksA mUgksaus
teZuh vkSj fgVyj }kjk vU; jk"Vªksa
ij fd, x, vkØe.k dk vPNk fp= çLrqr
djrs gq, dgk fd :l tSls vukØked ns'k
ij teZuh dk geyk U;k;laxr ugha gSA Hkk"k.k
lekIr gksus ij gekjs dk;Zdkjh çkpk;Z
Jh ,e-vkj- rksjoh us Mkyfe;kth ls ç'u
iwNus dks dgkA eSa vaMcaM loky djus esa
ekfgj ekuk tkrk FkkA ijUrq bl ckj pqi gh
jgkA rksjohth esjh vksj eq[kkfrc gq, ^lqjtu
rqe gh dqN iwNksA^ vkt lksprk gwa rks yxrk
gS fd eSa ml fnu dqN vf'k"V gh jgk
gksÅaxkA vknr ds eqrkfcd dqN rudj
[kM+s gksdj eSaus ç'u fd;k& ^vki
:l dks vukØed ekurs gSaA ijUrq ;fn
v[kckjksa esa lgh Nik gS rks ekuuk gksxk
fd :l us fQuyS.M ij rks p<+kbZ dh FkhA^
Mkyfe;ka th us esjs ç'u dk mÙkj
rks ugha fn;k ij ç'u iwNus ds esjs
O;ogkj dh vkykspuk dhA esjs lkfFk;ksa us
gks gks dj fn;k vkSj lsBth dk mÙkj
;ksa gh jg x;kA
i<+kbZ lekIr gksus ij eSa ukxiqj vk x;kA
dqN fnu ckn yM+kbZ Hkh can gks xbZ vkSj
jk"Vªh; usrkvksa dh Hkh fjgkbZ
gks xbZA xkaèkhth oèkkZ vk
x, FksA eq>s muls baVjO;w ysus ds fy,
oèkkZ Hkstk x;kA ijUrq os brus O;Lr
Fks fd le; gh ugha feykA eSaus nwljk jkLrk
[kkst fudkykA fczfV'k ljdkj rFkk Hkkjrh;
usrkvksa ds chp Lokèkhurk nsus lacaèkh
ppkZ iqu% 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA blh okrkZ esa
Hkkx ysus ds fy, xkaèkhth f'keyk
tk jgs FksA ges'kk dh rjg viuh ikVÊ
ds lkFk os r`rh; Js.kh ds fMCcs esa cSBsA
okLro esa rhu fMCcksa dh ,d fo'ks"k
jsyxkM+h dk çcaèk fd;k x;k
FkkA eSa oèkkZ LVs'ku ij xkM+h NwVrs
gh lokj gks x;kA xkaèkh ny ds dqN
yksxksa us eq>s lansg dh -f"V ls
ns[kkA ijUrq ifjp; nsus ds ckn fd eSa uoHkkjr
¼ukxiqj½ esa dke djrk gwa]
okrkoj.k 'kkar gks x;kA fo'ks"k Vªsu
ukxiqj esa gh #dhA bl ?kaVs& lok ?kaVs
esa ckiw us 15& 20 feuV dk le; eq>s
Hkh ns fn;kA tc eSa mrjus yxk rks ckiw ls
gLrk{kj nsus dh çkFkZuk dhA eqr esa
gLrk{kj nsuk ckiw us can dj fn;k FkkA lks
gfjtu lsod la?k ds uke ij ikap #i, dh ekax
iwjh gksus ij gh gLrk{kj fey ldsA bl 15&
20 feuV ds lk{kkRdkj esa ns'k rFkk varjkZ"Vªh;
jktuSfrd fLFkfr dk fo'ys"k.k rFkk Hkkjr
¼fo'ks"kdj dkaxzsl½ dh
Hkwfedk ij vPNh ppkZ gqbZ FkhAlhèkh
vkSj ljy Hkk"kk esa varjkZ"Vªh;
lanHkZ esa O;k[;k xkaèkh th gh dj
ldrs FksA
xkaèkhth ls;g esjh nwljh rFkk vafre
HksaV FkhA 15 vxLr 1947 dks ns'k esa jk"Vªh;
ljdkj xfBr gks xbZA ijUrq xkaèkh
th us vktknh ds t'u esa dksbZ Hkkx ugha
fy;kA os Hkkjr ds caVokjs ls nq[kh FksA
mudh ea'kk Fkh fd lkjhlÙkk Jh eksgEen
vyh ftUuk dks gh lkSai nh tk,] fdUrq ns'k
dks [kf.Mr u gksus fn;k tk,A ;g çLrko
u rks ftUuk lkgc us eatwj fd;k vkSj u dkaxzsl
usA nwljh vksj nksuksa Hkkxksa esa vYila[;dksa
ds dRysvke ls Hkh xkaèkhth nq[kh
gks x,A os caxky ds çèkkuea=h
glu 'kghn lksgjkonÊ ds lkFk naxk ihfM+rksa
dh j{kk djus uksvk[kkyh ds xkaoksa esa nkSjk
djus pys x,A
30 tuojh 1948 dka xkaèkh th dh gR;k
dj nh xbZA Jh ukFkwjke xksMls ds vuqt Jh
xksiky xksMls us ,d iqLrd fy[kh gSA uke
fn;k gS& ^xkaèkh oèk^A
Jh xksiky xksMls us bl 'kh"kZd dk Li"Vhdj.k
nsrs gq, dgk fd os bls gR;k ugha ekursA
xkaèkhth èkeZ fojksèkh
dk;Z dj jgs Fks blhfy, mudk ^oèk^
fd;k x;kA
13 Qjojh dks uoHkkjr us xkaèkhth
dh rsjgoha ij ,d fo'ks"k ifjf'k"V
çdkf'kr djus dk fu'p; fd;kA xkaèkh
th ds fudVLFk yksxksa rFkk vU; vkJeokfl;ksa
ls laLej.kkRd ys[k ysus ds fy, eSa lsokxzke
igqapkA vkJe dk dke ;Fkkor py jgk FkkA ysfdu
og çsj.kknk;h çdk'kiqat vuUr
esa foyhu gks x;k FkkA lkjs vkJe esa ,d
xgjk lUukVk Nk x;k FkkA ij eq>s rks viuk
dke djuk gh FkkA bl flyflys esa dqN >kafd;ka
nsuk equkflc gksxkA
ukxiqj LVs'ku ij gh eq>s ,d [kknhèkkjh
lTtu fey x,A eSaus vVdy ls gh iwNk] ^lj]
bQ vkbZ MksUV feLVsd] vkj ;w çksQslj
jaxk\^ ¼egk'k;] ;fn eSa xyrh ugha
dj jgk gwa rks D;k vki gh çksQslj
jaxk gSa½\ mÙkj feyk] ^;l]
vkb ,e jaxk^ ¼gka eSa jaxk gh gwa½A
eaS muds fMCcs eSa gh ?kql x;kA eSaus vius
lsokxzke tus dk mís'; crkrs gq, muls
vkxzg fd;k fd os xkaèkhth ij ,d ys[k
eq>s fy[kk nsaA çks- jaxk dk Hkkstu
vk x;k FkkA os Hkkstu djds dkxt& dye
ysdj cSB x,A vk¡[kksa ls vfojy vJq&
èkkjk cgrh jgh vkSj ys[k Hkh fy[kk
tkrk jgkA ;g -'; eq>s Hkh daik x;kA eSa
Hkh mlh Hkkouk esa cg x;kA oèkkZ
LVs'ku vk;k vkSj ys[k Hkh lekIrA çks-
jaxk pkgrs Fks fd vuqokn mUgsa crk fn;k
tk,A ij mruk rks le; ugha FkkA eSaus ok;nk
fd;k fd ys[k dh çfr mUgsa t:j feysxhA
eSaus Lo;a og vuqokn fd;kA vuqokn djrs le;
eSa Hkh çks- jaxk dh fLFkfr ls xqtjkA
lVhd vuqokn ds fy, mudk èkU;okn i=
Hkh eq>s feykA
lsokxzke esa dkdk dkysydj ls feykA muls
tc vius vkus dk mís'; crk;k rks vU;
ys[kdksa ds chp mUgksaus eq>s Hkh cSBk
fy;kA os rhu yksxksa dks vyx& vyx Hkk"kkvksa
esa fMDVs'ku ns jgs FksA eSa pkSFkk gks
x;kA eq>s vk'p;Z gks jgk Fkk fd dksbZ
Hkh O;fä pkj& pkj O;fä;ksa
dks vyx& vyx Hkk"kkvksa esa fuckZèk
ys[k dSls fy[k ldrk gSA ij dkdk lkgc ,sls
gh fof'k"V euh"kh FksA mUgksaus
ckiw ij ,d yack ys[k ,d fLFkrçK dh
rjg fy[k fn;kA
eSa riksèku Jh -".knkl th tktw
dh dqfV;k ij x;kA os cgqr gh mnkl FksA cksys&
D;k fy[kokÅaA rqe v[kckj esa pys x,
gks] yEck& pkSM+k ys[k pkgksxsA eSaus
dgk fd vki FkksM+k gh cksfy,] ys[k eSa rS;kj
dj ywaxkA os rS;kj ugha gq,A cgqr vuqu;&
fou; djus ds ckn cksys] ^eSa ftruk dgwa
mlls vfèkd dqN ugha fy[kukA^ eSaus
mUgsa vkÜoLr fd;kA os dsoy ,d okD;
cksys] ^nks gtkj lky gks x,] egkRek bZlk
ds gR;kjksa dk vHkh rd dksbZ BkSj fBdkuk
ugha gks ldkA ckiw ds gR;kjksa dk tkus D;k
gky gksxkA^ Li"V gh mudk ladsr ;gwfn;ksa
vkSj fgUnw jk"Vªokfn;ksa dh vksj
FkkA
nknk èkekZfèkdkjh rFkk fd'kksjh
yky th eJqokyk us Hkh ys[k fy[kok,A nksuksa
,d gh earO; ds FksA vc ns'k esa ,slk dkSu
egkekuo jgk ftlds vkns'k ij yksx viuh tku
rd U;kSNkoj dj nsrs FksA bl èkjrh
ij ;qx& iq#"k ckj& ckj vorfjr
ugha gksrsA
vHkh& vHkh eSa viuh fe= Jh vkseçdk'k
ikyhoky }kjk fyf[kr Lo- jkesÜojh usg:
dh thouh i<+ jgk FkkA ns'k dk caVokjk
gks x;k FkkA Hkkjr ls eqlyeku vkSj ikfdLrku
ls fgUnw ukxfjdksa dk iyk;u tkjh FkkA jkesÜojh
usg: rFkk muds vkbZlh,l ¼vodk'k çkIr½
ifr Jh c`tyky usg: ykgkSj esa vius iSr`d
Hkou esa jg jgs FksA os 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh
dfBukbZ;ka gy dj jgs Fks fdUrq mudh [kqn
dh tku Hkh [krjs esa FkhA mUgksaus ckiw
dks uksvk[kkyh rkj HkstkA ^iatkc esa fgUnwvksa
ij dgj <k;k tk jgk gSA gekjs çk.k
Hkh ladV esa gSaA u ykSgj esa jgrs curk
gS vkSj u NksM+rsA ge D;k djsa\^ nwljs gh
fnu ckiw dk rkj feyk] ^ykgkSj esa gh jgksA
;fn rqe yksx ej Hkh x, rks eSa vkalw ugha
cgkÅaxkA^ vkSj jkesÜoj th rc
rd ykgksj esa MVh jgha] tc rd fd QkSt us
mUgsa Hkkjr vkus dks etcwj ugha dj fn;kA
eq>s bl lanHkZ esa çfl) i=dkj
Jh ,e- pyifrjko ds 'kCn ;kn vkrs gSaA&
^xkaèkhth us 1920 esa turk dks tsy
tkus ds Hk; ls eqä fd;k] 1930 esa laifÙk
pys tkus ds Hk; ls NqVdkjk fnyk;k vkSj 1940
esa çk.kksRlxZ dj nsus dh çsj.kk
nhA^
fdruk lVhd fooj.k gS ckiw ds usr`Ro dkA
vc dkSu vius çk.kksa dk cfynku djus
dks rS;kj gS] tks vius vuq;kf;;ksa dks oSlk
funZs'k ns ldsA
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