29.03.1923 - 31.12.1994
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
eaf=eaMy esa u;s gsjQsj djus ds fy, dkejt&;kstuk ykxw gksus ds dqN le; iwoZ gh Jh Hkxoarjko eaMyksbZ us vkB mieaf=;ksa dh fu;qfä;k¡ dh FkhA bl le; eq>s dsoy Lo- Jh 'kkjnkpj.k frokjh dk uke gh ;kn vk jgk gSA ckdh lkr yksx dkSu Fks] mudh tkudkjh mu fnuksa ds lekpkji=ksa esa fey ldrh gSA dkejkt&;kstuk ykxw gksus ij fLFkfr ;g cuh fd eaMyksbZ&eaf=eaMy dks gh R;kxi= ns nsuk iM+k ,oa bu &&&& mieaf=;ksa dks dHkh fo/kkulHkk dk lkeuk 15 o"kZ dh fd'kksjkoLFkkA vkBoha d{kk ikl djds eSa uoeha esa i<u+s ds fy, oèkkZ pyk x;kA oèkkZ ds fy, ,d lgt vkd"kZ.k Hkh FkkA xkaèkhth us nks pkj lky igys gh lsokxzke clk;k FkkA fnYyh Hkkjr ljdkj dh jktèkkuh t:j Fkh ysfdu ns'k dh jktuSfrd jktèkkuh ,d rjg ls oèkkZ gh ekuh tkrh FkhA cfYd dguk pkfg, fd lsokxzke gh okLrfod jktèkkuh FkhA

vius tUe LFkku ls tc nwj&njkt oèkkZ Hkstk tk jgk FkkA firkth us vius bdykSrs iq= dh fujkin ;k=k ds fy, 'kqHk eqgwrZ Hkh fudyok;kA og 'kfuokj dk fnu Fkk vkSj jfookj dh lqcg eSa oèkkZ igqap x;kA ftl LokoyEch Nk=kokl esa eq>s jguk Fkk] mlds vèkh{kd&lapkyd egksn; dks vius vkxeu dh lwpuk nhA fnu Hkj esa leo;Ldksa ls dqN ifjp; Hkh gqvkA eSa mRlqd Fkk egkRek xkaèkh ds n'kZu djus ds fy,A ijUrq ekywe gqvk fd lsokxzke rks esjs Nk=kokl ls 4 ehy nwj gSA Nk=kokl ls ckgj 'ijokuxhÓ ysuk Hkh t:jh crk;k x;kA vkSj eqf'dy ;g Hkh fd ;g ijokuxh eqf'dy ls gh feyrh FkhA vèkh{kd egksn; dks xkaèkhth esa dksbZ vkLFkk ugha FkhA

eSa FkksM+s ladV esa iM+ x;kA xkaèkhth ds n'kZu t:j djuk gS vkSj vkt gh djuk gS] cpiu ls gh esjs laLdkj dqN bl rjg ds iM+ pqds FksA rc vaxzst ljdkj dh xqykeh] vktknh vkSj xkaèkh rks esjh le> esa D;k [kkd vkrs] ysfdu 6 o"kZ dh uUgha mez esa gh firkth us eq>s [kknh ifguk nh FkhA rc os lsB xksfoUnnkl th ds ikfjokfjd çfr"Bku esa dke djrs FksA 1929&30 esa ued lR;kxzg vkSj fons'kh oL=ksa dh gksyh dh èkqaèkyh Le`fr;ka esjs efLr"d esa NkbZ gqbZ FkhaA mUgha fnuksa ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy dqN fd'kksjksa dks ysdj jk;iqj ls tcyiqj ièkkjs FksA tcyiqj ds xathiqjk esa] vkt tgka ek[kuyky prqoZsnh Le`fr Hkou gS] ogka ml tekus esa ekewyh lk eksVj LVS.M FkkA bu fd'kksjksa us mlh LFky ij cSaM ckts dh èkqu ij 'j.kHksjh ct mBh ohjoj ifguks ds'kfj;k ckukÓ xhr iwjs mRlkg ls lLoj xk;k FkkA dqN eghuksa ckn ogh xhr eSa vius xkao dh çHkkr Qsjh esa vxqvk cudj xkus yxk FkkA pj[ks okyk jk"Vªh; frjaxk Fkkes vkxs& vkxs eSa j.kHksjh xkrk gqvk pyrk vkSj xkao ds 100& 50 ukxfjd mls nksgjkrs gq, çHkkr Qsjh iwjh djrsA tcyiqj esa jktk xksdqy nkl egy ¼ckcw xksfoUnnkl th dk iSr`d fuokl½ ds pkSxku esa ftl fnu fons'kh oL=ksa dh gksyh tykbZ xbZ] mlds nwljs fnu eSa [kknhèkkjh gks x;kA bl i`"BHkwfe ds vykok dqN vkSj Hkh ;knsa Fkha& 1937 dk pquko ftlesa eSaus vius {ks= ds dkaxzslh mEehnokj ykyk vtZquflag ds i{k esa 13 o"kZ dh vk;q esa çpkj fd;k FkkA bl gkyr esa tc xkaèkh th dk uke flj ij p<+dj cksy jgk gks] eSa brus djhc vkdj çFke fnu gh mudk n'kZu djus ls oafpr gks tkÅa] eu dks ;g xokjk ugha gqvkA ysfdu ;g fgEer Hkh ugha gqbZ fd igys gh fnu Nk=kokl dk vuq'kklu Hkax dj nwaA i<+kbZ tkjh j[kuk t:jh FkkA nwljh vksj foiUukoLFkk esa blls vfèkd lqqfoèkknkrk nwljk dksbZ LFkku eq>s fey ugha ldk FkkA

fcuk fdlh dks crk;s gh lsokxzke pyk tkÅa] ;g fopkj eu esa vkdj gh nc x;kA u, cus fe=ksa dk D;k HkjkslkA fdlh us pqxyh dj nh rks D;k gksxkA bUgha fe=ksa us crk;k fd jkstkuk 'kke dks gkftjh gksrh gSA mlds igys lk;adkyhu çkFkZuk HkhA eu esa vusd ;kstuk,a curh fcxM+rh jghaA psgjs ij ,d mis{kk tSlk Hkko ykdj fe=ksa ls lsokxzke dk jkLrk iwNk] vkSj Hkh tkudkjh yhA ekywe gqvk fd ckiw dHkh& dHkh oèkkZ dh vksj Hkh ?kweus vk tkrs gSaA dHkh nwljh fn'kk esaA le; lqcg 5& lk<+s ikap cts dkA fQj Hkh Bhd& Bhd lwpuk dqN ugha feyhA vVdyksa ls gh lc dqN crk;k tk jgk FkkA lqcg dh fnup;kZ dk Hkh eSaus irk yxk;kA 5 cts ?kaVh ctrs gh mBuk iM+rk gSA fuR;deZ ls fuo`Ùk gksdj gkftjh] O;k;ke] lw;Z ueLdkj] xk;=h çkFkZukA fQj dejk lkQ djuk oxSjgkA

,d fu'p; lk djds eSa lks x;kA jkf= dks uhan D;k vkrhA djoVsa gh cnyrk jgkA lqcg 4 cts mBk vkSj lsokxzke dh vksj nkSM+ yxk nhA lhèks jkLrs tkus dh ctk, jsy ykbu ds fdukjs& fdukjs Hkkxk rkfd fdlh ls HksaV gh u gksA FkksM+h nwjh ikj dj eSa eq[; ekxZ ij igqap x;kA jsYos ykbu ds xsVesu us lgh jkLrk crk fn;kA vc eSa FkksM++k fuf'pUr gqvkA nkSMu+s dh ctk, rst jrkj ls pyus yxkA dksbZ nks ehy dk ÅcM+& [kkcM+ jkLrk vkèkk ?kaVs esa r; gks x;kA fojke ysus dh Qqjlr gh dgka FkhA

FkksM+k vkSj c<+k fd 4&6 ijNkb;ka lh oèkkZ dh vksj vkrs fn[khaA vkSj djhc igqapk rks yxk fd lkèk iwjh gks xbZA xkao esa dHkh& dHkh vkus okys v[kckj esa tks vk-fr ns[kk djrk Fkk] ogh Nfo rks lkeus ls vk jgh gSA nks fd'kksj ckykvksa ds daèkksa ij gkFk j[ks tks rst dne py jgs gSa] ogh rks fpj&ifjfpr ls ckiw gSaA muds ihNs nks rhu O;fä vkSjA ru eu esa ,d vthc lh flgju gqbZA dqN ?kcjkgV] dqN vkuan dk mUeknA tc fcYdqy gh vkeuk&lkeuk gks x;k rks lk"Vkax ç.kke djus eSa lM+d ij gh yksV x;kA çkr: Hkze.k esa bl vuk;kl O;oèkku ls ckykvksa dh Hk`dqfV;ka ru x;haA 'D;k djrs gks rqe ckiw dh xfr Hkax gks x;hAÓ mUgksaus vkSj Hkh dqN dgkA ij eSaus rks tSls dqN lquk gh ughaA >ViV mBk vkSj ckiw dh cjkcjh ls gh pyus yxkA {k.k Hkj ckn gh ckiw ds Loj QwVs&
'dgka ls vk;s gks\Ó

'th ;ksa rks fiifj;k esa jgrk gwa] i<u+s ds fy, oèkkZ vk;k gwaA dy gh vkids n'kZuksa dh ykylk FkhA vkt iwjh gks xbZAÓ ,d lkal esa gh lc dqN dg x;kA ckiw ds psgjs ij ,d vfoftr eqLdku vk x;hA

^dgka Bgjs gks\^

^ekjokM+h cksfMax okys Hkou esa gh gSA fuèkZu Nk=ksa dks ogha txg nh tkrh gSA Ó dgrs& dgrs eSa ldqpk x;kA ckiw dks viuh gkyr crkus dk ;g Hkh dksbZ ekSdk Fkk D;kA

^mls Hkh fHkM+sth ns[krs gSa\^

^th ckiwA^ vkSj ckiw us esjh vksj ,d ç'u Qsadk&

^iwNdj vk;s gks\Ó eSa ldidk x;kA

^ugha] ugha ckiwA ogka rks 5 cts mBus dk fu;e gSA eSa vkids n'kZuksa ds fy, 4 cts gh rS;kj gksdj vk x;k gwa ogka le; ij igqap tkÅaxkA^

^laLFkk dk dk;nk ugha rksMu+k pkfg,A rqEgsa ijokuxh f'kok; ¼fcuk vuqefr ds½ ugha vkuk pkfg,A^

'kk;n ckiw dk xUrO; vk x;k FkkA os ykSV iM+sA esjs ikl Hkh le; ugha FkkA eSa yxHkx Hkkxrk gqvk gh gksLVy rd vk;kA 5-30 ct x, FksA gkftjh gks jgh FkhA esjk uke fudy pqdk FkkA eSaus mivèkh{kd egksn; dks crk;k fd eq>s FkksM+k foyac gks x;kA mifLFkfr yxk nhft,A esjk gqfy;k ns[kdj os dqN Hkkai x,A

^nsj D;ksa gqbZA tYnh mBuk pkfg,A ?kaVh ugha lquh Fkh D;k\Ó mUgksaus jkSc ls dgkA

'lj] eSa le; ds igys gh mB x;k FkkA FkksM+k ?kweus pyk x;k blhfy, nsj gks x;hA^

^;s èkksrh & deht ij èkwy D;ksa yxh gS\^

^lj] igys fnu gh ?kweus x;k Fkk uA ubZ txg gSA jsy fdukjs dqN le> ugha iM+k lks fxj iM+kA^

^yxrk gS rqe lp ugha cksy jgsA^

eSa dqN tokc nsrk mlds ifgys gh ,d uoifjfpr fe= dwn iM+k&

^lj] ;s lsokxzke^ x;k gksxkA dy fnu Hkj lsokxzke dh ckr djrk jgk FkkA^

^D;ksa js-----\^ eq>ls iwNk x;kA

^th] oks Bhd dgrk gSA eSaus lsokxzke dh ckr t:j dh FkhA ij lsokxzke x;k ughaA ml lM+d ij gh ?kweus x;k FkkA^ og fo|kFkÊ fQj cksyk&

^lj] ;s xkaèkh th ls feyus dh ckr dj jgk FkkA^

^D;ksa js] vc D;k cksyrk\^ fQj eq>ls iwNk x;kA

^ugha ljA eSa xkaèkh th ls D;k feywaxkA n'kZu djuk pkgrk FkkA^

^vbZlk cksyA fQj n'kZu gqvk\^

^;l ljA eSa ?kweus tk jgk FkkA os blh rjQ vk jgs FksA lks ns[k fy;kA^

^gkFk [kksy---^ ,d vkns'k gqvkA eSaus gFksyh c<+k nhA rM+&rM+ ifgys ,d fQj nwljk csar esjh iwjh ckag dks >u>uk x;kA

^;s] fiifj;k ugha gSA le>k\ cksfMax gSA f'kLr ¼vuq'kklu½ ikyuk pkfg,A ugha ekuuk gks rks ?kj tkoA^ mi vèkh{kd egksn; us ejkBh fefJr fgUnh esa viuk vkMZj lquk;kA ifgys gh fnu dh ;g 'kq:vkrA

fiV fiVkdj eSa pqi jg x;k FkkA vc dgus dks cpk gh D;k FkkA fQj Hkh eSa [kq'k FkkA cgqr o"kksZa ls ,d liuk latks;k FkkA vkt iwjk gqvkA ml O;fä dks lk{kkr ns[kk ftlds çHkko esa 9 lky igys eq>s [kknh ifguk nh x;h FkhA

25& 26 twu 1938 dks ?kVh ;g ?kVuk T;ksa dh R;ksa Le`fr iVy ij thfor gSA thou esa ,sls {k.k ckj&ckj rks ugha vkrsA Ldwy [kqyus esa vHkh 4&5 fnu ckdh FksA fdrkcsa LVs'kujh& dkfi;ksa dh [kjhn ds chp xkaèkh th dh rLohj lkeus vk tkrhA ,d vthc lh eLrh esa Mwcrk& mrjkrk jgkA eu esa xkaèkh th dh çfrek vkdkj ysus yxhA

fQj dqN le; ckn gh ,slk volj vk x;k fd xkaèkh th gh ugha] vkSj Hkh usrkvksa dks djhc ls ns[kus dk çlax cukA 1935 ds ,DV ds vUrxZr 1937 esa eè;çns'k esa Hkh ,d yksdrkaf=d ljdkj dh LFkkiuk gqbZ FkhA M‚- ,u-ch- [kjs eè;çkar rFkk cjkj ds dkaxzslh çèkkuea=h fuokZfpr gq, FksA dksbZ ,d lky ckn gh eaf=eaMy esa ladV vk x;kA M‚- [kjs rFkk eaf=eaMy ds vU; lnL;ksa esa erHksn gks x;kA vkSj dkj.k tks Hkh gksa] mu ij ,d vkjksi ;g Hkh yxk fd mUgksaus vius MkDVj csVs dks vLFkk;h rkSj ij es;ks vLirky esa vflLVsaV ltZu dh ukSdjh ns nh gSA vkt bl rjg dk gYdk& QqYdk vkjksi lqudj vk'p;Z gksrk gSA mu fnuksa ;g ,d vijkèk ekuk tkrk FkkA M‚- [kjs ls tokc rych gqbZA lkjk eaf=eaMy gh ukxiqj vkSj lsokxzke vkrk tkrk jgkA fQj dkaxzsl dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr dh cSBd oèkkZ esa vk;ksftr dh xbZA dkaxzsl ds lnL; u gksrs gq, Hkh xkaèkh th dh mifLFkfr rks vfuok;Z Fkh ghA

mu fnuksa jk"Vªifr ;kuh fd dkaxzslkè;{k usrkth lqHkk"kpUæ cksl FksA dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr ds lnL;ksa esa ia- tokgj yky usg:] ljnkj iVsy] ekSykuk vktkn] jktsUæ ckcw] 'kadj jko nso] lhekUr xkaèkh] vkpk;Z -iykuh] jktk th vkfn gqvk djrs FksA bu lHkh usrkvksa dks LVs'ku ls ctktokM+h ¼teukyky th ctkt dk vfrfFk x`g½ rd ykus ys tkus dh MîwVh gekjs cksfMax gkml ds Nk=ksa ij jgrh FkhA Hkkstu dh O;oLFkk efgyk vkJe dh Nk=k,a djrha vkSj ijkslxkjh rFkk iÙkysa fcNkuk& mBkuk ge yksxA

M‚- [kjs okyk fookn dkQh fnu rd pykA xkaèkh th dks lsokxzke ls oèkkZ vkuk& tkuk iM+rkA ;fn le; gks rks 'kke dks vfèkdka'k usrkx.k lsokxzke Hkh tkrsA bUgha fnuksa ,d fnu tksjnkj ckfj'k gks xbZA lsokxzke dk jkLrk dqN iDdk dqN dPpk FkkA ml fnu dkj ugha vk ldhA xkaèkhth ^vkDlQksMZ^ esa vk;sA bl vkDlQksMZ dh Hkh ,d dgkuh gSA

1930 esa ued lR;kxzg ds uke ls çfl) vkUnksyu dks ikBdx.k tkurs gksaxsA rc lkcjerh vkJe ls nkaMh dh vksj dwp djrs le; xkaèkh th us çfrKk dh Fkh fd os vc LojkT; ysdj gh lkcjerh ykSVsaxsA ;fn mudk ;g vkanksyu vlQy gks x;k rks os lkcjerh u vkdj dgha vkSj vkJe cuk,axsA ued lR;kxzg rks [kwc pykA yk[kksa lR;kxzgh tsy x,A

ijUrq LojkT; gkfly ugha gqvkA viuh çfrKk ds vuqlkj xkaèkhth lkcjerh ugha x,A dkaxzsl ds Hkkek'kkg Jh teukyky ctkt dk igys ls gh vkxzg Fkk fd os oèkkZ esa jgsaA ued vkanksyu ds ckn os oèkkZ esa gh vk clsA ijUrq os 'kgj esa ugha jguk pkgrs FksA fdlh nsgkr esa gh vkJe cukus dk QSlyk dj fy;k FkkA mUgsa dbZ nsgkr crk, x,A var esa mUgksaus oèkkZ ls 5 ehy nwj 'ksxkao uke dk LFkku ilan fd;kA 300&400 dh vkcknh okyk NksVk lk xkaoA os lkjh cqjkb;ka Hkh ogka ekStwn Fkha tks Hkkjrh; xzkE; lekt esa vkSj txg Hkh gqvk djrh FkhaA gfjtuksa dh cfLr;ka vyxA NqvkNwr jksx] ePNj lHkh dqNA bu lcls vfèkd dfBukbZ ;g fd oèkkZ ls 'ksxkao tkus ds fy, dksbZ iDdh lM+d ugha FkhA cSyxkM+h gh ,dek= lkèku FkkA

xkaèkh th us 'ksxkao ls yxh gqbZ tehu dk pquko dj fy;kA la;ksx fd ;g Hkw[k.M [kjhnuk ugha iM+kA ;gka teukykyk th dk cxhpk FkkA [ksrh FkhA ogha vkJe cukus dk dke 'kq: dj fn;k x;kA tc rd vkJe u cus xkaèkh th oèkkZ esa jgsaxsA èkhjs& èkhjs 'ksxkao vkJe rS;kj gks x;kA xkaèkh th tgka jgs ogka i= rks gtkjksa dh la[;k esa vkus FksA blfy, iksLV vkfQl Hkh [kqy x;k vkSj rkj ?kj HkhA ysfdu iDdh lM+d ugha cuhA ih-MCY;w-Mh- ¼;kfu dh çkarh; ljdkj½ rks cuk, gh D;ksaA fMfLVªDV cksMZ us ;g ekxZ iDdk djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA ysfdu vFkkZHkko esa ;g lM+d viuh jrkj ls gh cu ldhA

lM+d viuh xfr ls Hkys gh cus xkaèkh th dks rks oèkkZ vkSj ckgj vkuk& tkuk gh iM+rkA muds ikl vkus okys jk"Vªh; usrk rFkk fons'kh i=dkj vkfn dh Hkh deh ugha FkhA dPph lM+d ij xeÊ& BaM ds ekSle esa rks dkj py tkrh ijUrq cjlkr esa ;g laHko ugha FkkA teukyky th us blds fy, ,d rjdhc fudkyhA muds ikl ,d iqjkuh QksMZ dkj FkhA mlds lkeus okyh lhV dk fLV;fjax] Ms'kcksMZ vkfn okyk fgLlk dkV fn;k x;kA xkM+h esa èkqjs yxk fn, x, vkSj cSy tksrus ds fy, tqvkjh HkhA vc cjlkr esa tc dHkh xkaèkh th ;k vU; usrkvksa dks oèkkZ ls lsokxzke vkuk& tkuk gksrk rks os blh QksMZ uqek cSyxkM+h ls tkrsA ,d ckj ljnkj iVsy dks Hkh blh xkM+h esa ;k=k djuk iM+hA mUgksaus mldk uke ^vkDlQksMZ^ j[k fn;kA rc ls ;gh uke çpfyr gks x;kA

iwoZ eè;çkar ,oa fonHkZ ds rRdkyhu çèkkuea=h M‚- ,u-ch- [kjs ij çLrkfor vuq'kklu dh dkjZokbZ ds lanHkZ esa u dsoy eè;çkUr& cjkj oju lkjs ns'k ds gh jktuhfrd okrkoj.k esa ,d mFky& iqFky lh ep x;h FkhA ,d vkn'kZoknh laxBu gksus ds ukrs dkaxzsl vius lnL;ksa ds vkpj.k& crkZo esa fdlh Hkh çdkj dh vuq'kklughurk dks utj vankt djus ds i{k esa ugha FkhA ,d vksj ljnkj iVsy dk dM+k #[k vkSj nwljh vksj xkaèkh th dh fl)kUrfç;rk ds dkj.k M‚- [kjs nks"kh ekus x, FksA M‚- [kjs us viuk eaf=eaMy Hkax dj ,d u;k eaf=eaMy Hkh xfBr dj fy;k FkkA ;g dne mBkrs le; mUgksaus dkaxzsl foèkk;d ny dh cSBd cqykuk Hkh t:jh ugha le>kA çkUrksa esa igyh ckj lfefr yksdrkaf=d 'kklu LFkkfir gqvk FkkA dkaxzsl ,d vPNs rFkk l{ke ç'kklu dh Nfo cukuk pkgrh FkhA blfy, og vuq'kklu ikyu esa tjk Hkh f'kfFkyrk ugha cjruk pkgrh FkhA pawfd M‚- [kjs ukxiqj ds Fks rFkk oèkkZ Hkh ejkBh Hkk"kh {ks= esa Fkk] blfy, M‚- [kjs ds i{k& foi{k ds yksxksa dk xkaèkh th ds ikl cgqrk;r ls vkuk& tkuk gks jgk FkkA lsokxzke rFkk oèkkZ nksuksa gh dkaxzsl dh xfrfofèk;ksa ds dsUæ cu x, FksA

bl flyflys esa dkaxzsl dh vfèkdka'k cSBdsa oèkkZ esa gh vk;ksftr gqbZaA xkaèkh th Bhd le; ij vkrs vkSj fuèkkZfjr le; ij lsokxzke okil pys tkrsA M‚- [kjs ij D;k cgl gqbZ vFkok fd mudk vijkèk D;k Fkk] bldh ifjiDo le> u gksrs gq, Hkh vf[ky Hkkjrh; usrkvksa dks cgqr djhc ls ns[kus dk ,d vyx gh lq[k FkkA ekjokM+h rFkk LokoyEch cksfMax ds ge Lo;alsod Nk=x.k ;gh ç;Ru djrs fd cM+s ls cM+s usrk dh lsok esa yxk, tk,a T;knkrj Lokoyach Nk=kokl ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks gh volj feyrkA ekjokM+h Nk=kokl laiUu ifjokj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, FkkA muesa ls fojy Nk= gh lsok dk;Z ds fy, vkxs vkrs vFkok fd pqus tkrsA LVs'ku ij usrkvksa dk lkeku mBkuk] fQj ctktokM+h vfrfFk x`g esa lkeku igqapkuk vkfn Jelkè; dk;Z FksA LokoyEch Nk=kokl ds Nk=ksa dks ;g NwV ugha feyrh FkhA mUgsa usrk fuokl esa jkf= esa Hkh pkSdlh djuh gksrh FkhA ;gh le; gksrk Fkk tc ge yksx ç;Ru djrs Fks fd tc MîwVh nsuh gh gS rks fdlh cM+s usrk dk lkfUuè; rks feysA

xkaèkh thds vklikl eaMjkus dk volj Hkh bu cSBdksa ds nkSjku feyrk FkkA muds eqag ls dksbZ vko';drk fudyh ugha fd ftlds dku esa Hkud iM+ xbZ ogh nkSM+ iM+rk FkkA xkaèkh th dk Hkkstu rks vyx gh gqvk djrk FkkA os lkekU;r: lcds lkFk Hkkstu ij cSBrs Hkh ugha FksA lsokxzke tkdj Hkkstu& foJke dj ykSVrsA dHkh iaxr esa cSB Hkh x, rks muds futh ifjpkjd gh mudh lqfoèkk dk è;ku j[krsA Hkkstu ds le; ge yksx bl ckr dh Vksg yxkrs jgrs fd ia- usg:] ljnkj iVsy] ckn'kkg [kku] vkpk;Z ujsUæ nso] t;çdk'k ukjk;.k] vkpk;Z -iykuh tSlh foHkwfr;ka fdl ykbu esa cSBk;h tk,axhA gj ,d dh ;gh dksf'k'k jgrh fd bu yksxksa dh lsok djus dk ekSdk feysA eSa bl ekeys esadqN gksf'k;kjh ¼;k pkykdh dg yhft,½ ls dke ysrkA Lo- Jh nkeksnjnkl ewaèkM+k cgqèkk jlksbZ ?kj ds pktZ esa jgrsA cSBus dh O;oLFkk os djrs ;k muds funZs'ku esa muds vuqt Jh y{ehukjk;.k HkkjrhA Jh Hkkjrh eq>ls FkksM+s gh cM+s FksA esjk muls ifjp; Hkh gks x;k FkkA vr% muls eq>s bl rjg dh vfxze tkudkjh fey tkrhA cl] eSa ;gh ç;kl djrk fd mlh ykbu dh ftEesokjhywa tgka usg: th cSBsaxsA Hkkstu ijkslus vkSj pVuh&ikuh igqapkus rd dh NksVh ftEesnkjh dk fuokZg djus esa Hkh ,d xkSjo vuqHko gksrk FkkA Hkkstu lekIr gksus ij >wBh iÙkysa mBkus esa Hkhk ,d gksM+ lh yx tkrh FkhA dkSu fdrus cM+s usrk dh iÙky mBk ikrk gSA

uoha d{kk dh i<+kbZ Hkh py jgh FkhA vkSj jk"Vªh; usrkvksa dks fudV ls ns[kus le>us dk vH;kl HkhA [ksn gS fd eSa vfèkd fnuksa rd bl lq[k dk vfèkdkjh ugha jg ldkA chekj gks tkus ds dkj.k 'kS{kf.kd o"kZ iwjk gksus ds ifgys gh eq>s oèkkZ NksM+ nsuk iM+kA 1941 esa eSfVªd ikl dj eSa fQj oèkkZ vk x;kA Nk=kokl rks ogh jgk ijUrq d‚yst dk fo|kFkÊ gksus ds dkj.k vuq'kklu ds fu;eksa esa FkksM+h ujeh cjrh tkus yxhA la;ksx ls mUgha fnuksa jkeiqjk& Hkkuiqjk ¼gksYdj LVsV½ ds ,d Nk= Jh ih-th- djis esjs lgikBh gksdj vk,A muds ekek ikyusjdjth ¼M‚- çHkkdj ekpos ds llqj½ lsokxzke dh Ms;jh ds bapktZ FksA çHkkdj ¼djis½ 'kfuokj& brokj dks vius ekek ls feyus lsokxzke tkrsA eSa vDlj muds lkFk gh tkrkA 'kke dks ge yksx ckiw dh çkFkZuk lHkk esa Hkh 'kkfey gksrsA lsokxzke vkus okys usrk rFkk i=dkj Hkh çkFkZuk esa 'kkfey gksrsA ikyusjdj th ls gesa lsokxzke dh >kadh ns[kus dk ekSdk feyrkA muls geyksx?kaVs nks ?kaVs ckr Hkh dj ysrs FksA dbZ ckj vusd rjg ds pfj=ksa dks le>us dk volj Hkh vkrkA

okLro esa] ikyusjdj th bl ckr ls rks çlUu gksrs fd ge yksx muds ikl vkrs&tkrs gSa] ijUrq mudk ç;Ru ;gh jgrk fd ge vkJe& thou ds ckjs esa vfèkd #fp u ysaA ,d fnu eSaus muls iwN ghfy;k fd os gesa vkJe thou ls fu#Rlkfgr D;ksa djrs gSaA mUgksaus tks dgk og vkt Hkh fdlh dlkSVh ij [kjk mrjrk gSA

mudk dguk Fkk fd vkJe dk thou la;e ,oa lkèkuk dh dBksj ijh{kk gSA ;ksa rks vkJe esa 250& 300 dk;ZdrkZ fuokl djrs gSa] ij lHkh yksx vkJe ds fu;eksa ds vuqdwy vkpj.k ugha dj ikrsA dHkh& dHkh rks ,slh Hkh fLFkfr vk tkrh gSfd HkkbZ& cguksa ds thou ;kiu djus dh çfrKk ysus okys vkJe oklh Hkh vuSfrd vkpj.k ds nks"kh ik, tkrs gSaA ckiw mUgsa f>M+drs& MkaVrs rks gSa gh] muds nks"k dk çk;f'pr djus ds fy, xqipqi miokl Hkh djrs gSaA vkJe dh fdlh çdkj dh cnukeh gks] bls xkaèkhth dSls lgu djsa\ os rks çR;sd oklh ls mrus gh Åaps vkn'kZe; thou dh vis{kk djrs gSa] tSlk fd mudk Lo;a dk gSA ikyusjdj th us ;g Hkh crk;k fd vkJeoklh dHkh& dHkh rks ckiw dks >kalk nsus esa Hkh ugha pwdrsA dHkh fdlh HkkbZ dks tqdke gks x;k rks og ckiw ds ikl igqapsxkA viuh rdyhQ crk,xkA fQj lhèkk loky djsxk] ^ckiw] ekSlEch dk jl fiÅa ;k vaxwj [kkÅaA^ eryc ;g fd ckiw ds lkeus Hkh nks esa ls ,d gh fodYi gSA os ^miokl j[kks^ tSlh lykg ns nsa rks tqdke ihfM+r O;fä dks cM+h rdyhQ gks tkrh gSA

dHkh& dHkh ge yksx ckiw vkSj ck ds ckjs esa Hkh ikyusjdj th ls iwN fy;k djrs FksA mUgksaus crk;k fd ck ;fn fdlh çlax esa fu.kZ; ns nsa rks ckiw vDlj pqi jg tkrs gSaA ,sls çlax NksVh& NksVh ikfjokfjd ?kVukvksa ds ckjs esa Hkh gks ldrs gSa vkSj vkJe dh leLr uhfr fuèkkZj.k dks Hkh ysdjA la;ksx fd mlh fnu dh çkFkZuk lHkk esa eSaus ifgyh ckj çHkkorhth dks ns[kkA ,d 'kkUr] lkSE; xfjeke; O;fäRoA ckiw& ck ds çlax dks ysdj ikyusjdj xq#thus ,d csgn ikfjokfjd ?kVuk lqukbZA

t;çdk'k th ekDlZoknh Økafrdkjh fopkjèkkjk okys vkS çHkkorhth ,d lefiZr xkaèkhoknh ifjokj dh csVhA t;çdk'k th i<+kbZ tkjh j[kus ds fy, vesfjdk pys x, rFkk çHkkorh th lsokxzke vkJe vk x;haA t;çdk'k th pkgrs Fks fd çHkkorh th vius ekFks ij lqgkx& fcanh u yxk,aA mUgksaus xkaèkh th dks Hkh jkth dj fy;k vkSj çHkkorh th dks fcfUn;k us yxkus ds fy, dgk x;kA os bl rjg dh vkKk dk ikyu djuk Hkkjrh; laL-fr ds fo#) ekurh FkhaA fQj Hkh] tc xkaèkh th muds ifr ls lger gks tk,a rks fodYi D;kA mUgksaus fcUnh yxkuk can dj fn;kA ,d nksfnu rks ck dqN u cksyhaA fQj vpkud iwN gh fy;k] 'çHkkorh] D;k vkJe esa rq> ij bruh vfèkd ftEesnkjh vk x;h fd ekFks ij fcUnh yxkus dh Qqjlr Hkh ugha fey ikrh\^

^ugha ck] ,slh ckr ugha gSA ^osÓ ugha pkgrs fd eSa fcUnh yxkÅaA^

^oks dkSu gksrk gS ,slk pkgus okykA dksbZ lqgkfxuh ukjh fcUnh u yxk,] dgha ,slk Hkh gksrk gS gekjs jhfr& fjokt esa\^

^ckiw D;k tkusaA rwus eq>s ifgys gh D;ksa ugha crk;kA tk] vHkh fcUnh yxkdj vkA^ ck us lCth dh Vksdjh vkSj çHkkorh th ds gkFk ls pkdw ys fy;sA os fcUnh yxkdj ykSVha vkSj fufoZdkj vius dke ls yx x;haA

u ck us dqN dgk vkSj u çHkkorh us dqN iwNkA ijUrq xkaèkhth us ;g cnyko ns[k gh fy;kA Hkkstu ds le; mUgksaus çHkkorhth dks Vksdk] ^fQj ;g fcUnh yxk yhA^

cl ck fcQj x;haA ^rqe yksx dqN le>rs Hkh gks fd ughaA lqgkfxu yM+dh dk ekFkk lwuk dSls jgsxkA dqN mlus dgk vkSj dqN rqeus gqdqe ctk fn;kA vkSjrksa ds ,sls ekeyksa esa er iM+k djksA^

^vPNk] vPNkA rqe ck& csVh tkuksA^ dgdj ckiw eqLdjk fn,A ikyusjdjth rks Fks gh esjs] ,d vksj fudVLFk O;fä lsokxzke vk x,A os gSa çks- egs'knÙk feJA xkaèkh th ds futh lfpo egknsoHkkbZ nslkbZ vLoLFk gks x, vFkok fdlh dke ls lsokxzke ls ckgj pys x,] ;g rks dqN Bhd& Bhd Lej.k ughaA egs'k HkkbZ mrus fnuksa ds fy, xkaèkhth ds lfpo gks x,A egs'kHkkbZ esjs ftys ds gh gSaA dksbZ iqjkuk ifjp; rks ugha FkkA uke t:j lqu j[kk FkkA muls igyh HksaV lsokxzke esa gh gqbZA muds dkj.k Hkh esjk lsokxzke vkuk& tkuk gksrk jgkA ijUrq vc lsokxzkemruk 'kkUr ugha Fkk ftruk 1938 esaA 1939 esa ckcw lqHkk"k pUæ cksl rFkk M‚- iêkfHklhrkjkeS;k ds chp jk"Vªifr¼dkaxzslkè;{k½ in ds fy, pquko gqvkA xkaèkhth M‚- iêkfHk ds i{k esa Fks] ijUrq thr gqbZ lqHkk"k ckcw dhA ekpZ 1939 esa f=iqjh ¼tcyiqj½ esa dkaxzsl dk ckouoka vfèkos'ku gqvkA xkaèkh th mlesa 'kkfey ugha gq,A 'iêkfHk dh gkj esjh gkj gS]Ó dgdj os jktdksV ujs'k }kjk ihfM+r çtk ds i{k esa vkanksyu djus jktdksV pys x,A f=iqjh esa dkaxzsl dk vfèkos'ku gks jgk Fkk vkSj jktdksV esa xkaèkh th vu'ku ij cSBs FksA vUrr: lqHkk"k ckcw dkaxzsl ls vyx gks x,A mUgksaus QkoZMZ Cykd uke ls vyx laLFkk dk xBu fd;kA bèkj nwljk foÜo;qn~?k Hkh çkjaHk gks x;kA 1940 esa lqHkk"k ckcw utjcanh ls Hkkx fudysA bèkj xkaèkh th us vaxzst ljdkj ds f[kykQ O;fäxr lR;kxzg 'kq: dj fn;kA igys lR;kxzgh gq, fouksck HkkosA gj ftys ls lR;kxzfg;ksa dk p;u fd;k tkus yxkA lR;kxzfg;ksa dk p;u Lo;a xkaèkh th djrs FksA ftl dk;ZdrkZ dk p;u fd;k tkrk og ftykè;{k dks lR;kxzg çkjaHk djus dh rkjh[k] le; rFkk LFkku dh lwpuk HkstrkA fQj fuèkkZfjr le; ij lR;kxzg çkjaHk gks tkrkA dHkh ,d lR;kxzgh dHkh 2&4 dk ,d tRFkk lkFk esa iqfyl dk ,d flikghA tgka dk vkns'k gksrk] ml LFkku ij ;g flikgh lR;kxzfg;ksa dks fxjrkj dj ysrkA lR;kxzg ds nkSjku Hkh] in;k=k vkSj fxjrkjh ds ckn Hkh Hkkjr ekrk dh t;] Hkkjr vktkn gks] bUdykc ftUnkckn] egkRek xkaèkh dh t; vkfn ukjs yxrs] tulHkk gksrh] Hkk"k.k gksrs vkSj tgka xkaèkh th dk funZs'k gksrk ml xkao esa jkf= foJkeA fxjrkjh ds ckn Hkk"k.k Hkh cUn vkSj ukjs HkhA lR;kxzgh dk ;gh pfj= gksrk FkkA bUgha fnuksa eSa esfVªd dh ijh{kk nsdj xzh"ekodk'k esa vius xkao [kkij[ksM+k ¼gks'kaxkckn½ vk x;kA lR;kxzfg;ksa ds tRFks esjs xkao Hkh vkus yxsA

lR;kxzgh dHkh 'kke dks vkrs rks dHkh 10& 11 cts fnu esaA os Bgjrs rks lkekU;r% esjs dkdk Jh ujflag nkl th ds ;gkaA ij mudh lsok djuh iM+rh eq>sA Hkkstu lkexzh dkdkth ds ;gka ls feyrh Hkkstu rS;kj djds lR;kxzfg;ksa dks f[kykus dk nkf;Ro esjkA dHkh& dHkh rks 5&6 lR;kxzgh vyx& vyx fn'kkvksa ls vk tkrsA vçSy& ebZ dh xjeh esa Hkkstu cukdj f[kykus dh rdyhQ rks viuh txg Fkh] ijUrq bl ihM+k dk ,d vfuoZpuh; lq[k Hkh FkkA Hkkstu flQZ lR;kxzgh gh djrs] rc Hkh xuher FkhA muds lkFk vkus okys flikgh ;k flikfg;ksa dks Hkkstu djkuk Hkh lR;kxzg dh e;kZnk ls tqM+k Fkk 'kk;nA ;ksa rks vaxzst ljdkj ml flikgh dks nSfud HkÙkk nsrh Fkh] ijUrq lR;kxzgh dgrs] ^HkkbZ] ;g cspkjk Hkh gekjh rjg èkwi esa py jgk gSA bls vyx D;ksa ekurs gksA^ vkSj bl rjg vfrfFk;ksa esa ,d nks vkSj 'kkfey gks tkrsA

10&5 fnu ckn rks ;gh flyflyk gks x;k fd fdlh tRFks us xkao esa ços'k fd;k ugha fd xzkeoklh mUgsa esjs ?kj dk irk ns nsrs ;k fdlh dks lkFk dj nsrsA vkxs& vkxs frjaxk ¼pj[ks okyk½ fy, gq, lR;kxzgh] ihNs& ihNs xzketu vkSj lcds ihNs flikghA xkao ds iVsy ;k ekyxqtkj ds ;gka rks ;s yksx tk ugha ldrs FksA os ljdkjh vkneh ghekus tkrs FksA ,slh fLFkfr esa xkao dk dksbZ dkaxzsl dk;ZdrkZ gh lR;kxzfg;ksa dh lsok djrk FkkA ;fn xkaèkh th ds ikl fdlh lR;kxzgh dh f'kdk;r igqap x;h ;k lR;kxzg ds fu;eksa ds f[kykQ fdlh us vkpj.k fd;k rks mls lR;kxzg ds nkf;Ro ls eqä gks tkus dk vkns'k ml xkao esa igqapk fn;k tkrk FkkA tgka mlds gksus dk dk;ZØe r; gksrk FkkA ;fn fdlh lR;kxzgh us fuèkkZfjr fnu ;k le; ij lR;kxzg çkjaHk ugha fd;k rks mls Hkh vuq'kklu dh dkjZokbZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk FkkA lR;kxzg dk vkns'k okil ys fy;k tkrk FkkA

dSls Fks pfj=oku os yksx] vkSj dSlk Fkk ,d vdsys ckiw dk usr`Ro\

1939 esa f}rh; foÜo;q) çkjaHk gks x;k FkkA vaxzst ljdkj pkgrh Fkh fd dkaxzsl bl ;q) esa baXyS.M dk leFkZu djsA ;q) lekIr gksus ij Hkkjr dks Lora= djus ij fopkj fd;k tk,xkA xkaèkhth fczfV'k ljdkj dh bl uhfr ls lger ugha FksA mudh lkQ ekax Fkh fd Hkkjr ds Lokèkhu gksus ij gh fczVsu dks ;qn~?k esa lgk;rk nsus dh ckr lksph tk ldrh gSA blds fy, vaxzst ljdkj lger ugha FkhA dkaxzsl us ;q) uhfr dk fojksèk djus dk fu'p; fd;kA ftu çkUrksa esa dkaxzsl ljdkjsa Fkha] mUgksaus R;kxi= ns fn;kA QkSt esa Hkkjrh; lSfudksa dh Hkjrh ds fo#) vkUnksyu NsMu+s dk fu'p; fd;k x;k] blhfy, O;fäxr lR;kxzg dk tUe gqvkA lR;kxzgh xkao& xkao esa tkdj ;q) fojksèkh Hkk"k.k nsrs Fks vkSj turk ls vkxzg djrs Fks fd muds xkao ls dksbZ Hkh lsuk esa Hkjrh u gksA bl vfHk;ku dk vkSj dqN çHkko iM+k gks ;k ugha] bruk vo'; gqvk fd ;q) ds fo#) ,d okrkoj.k cukA

fu'p; gh dkaxzsl teZuh ;k tkiku ds i{k esa ugha FkhA og yksdrkaf=d ljdkjksa dh ijkt; Hkh ugha pkgrh Fkh] ijUrq ;g Hkh ugha pkgrh Fkh fd Hkkjrh; turk ;q) esa rks fczVsu dk leFkZu djs] ijUrq mls Lokèkhurk dk vfèkdkj u feysA dkaxzsl ds fojksèk ds dkj.k vaxzst ljdkj dks viuh uhfr ij iqufoZpkj djuk iM+kA dkaxzsl ls okrkZ djus ds fy, lj LVsQksMZ fØIl us xkaèkh thlfgr dkaxzsl ds usrkvksa ls ppkZ dhA;g vkÜoklu Hkh fn;k fd ;q) lekfIr ij Hkkjr dks vktkndj fn;k tk,xkA oèkkZ esa dkaxzsl usrkvksa dh cSBd gqbZA vkSj var esa xkaèkh th us lj fØIl ds vkd"kZd vkÜokluksa dk ,d laf{kIr lk mÙkj ns fn;kA OgkbZ Mw ;w fxo vl , iksLV MsVsM psd vku , Øsf'kax cSad ¼ vki gesa ,d fnokfy;k gks jgs cSad ij vxyh rkjh[k dk psd D;ksa ns jgs gSaA½ bl okD; ds lkFk fØIl okrkZ vlQy gks xbZA ;ksa lj fØIl vU; Hkkjrh; usrkvksa ls Hkh feysA lcus vius& vius <ax ls lq>ko fn,A bl lanHkZ esa eq>s Jh bZ- jk?kosUæjko dk lq>ko Hkh ;kn vk jgk gSA os ok;ljk; dh ,DthD;wfVo dkSafly ds lnL; Hkh FksA mUgksaus çLrko fd;k Fkk fd ok;ljk; dh dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr iquxZfBr dh tk,A mlesa Hkkjrh;ksa dh la[;k rks vfèkd gks gh] çfrj{kk foHkkx Hkh dekfMax bu phQ ds ctk, Hkkjrh; lnL; dks lkSaik tk,A fØIl dqN eqíksa ij lger gks x, FksA blls ok;ljk;] ykMZ fyufyFkxks fpfUrr gks x,A mUgksaus fØIl dk fojksèk djrs gq, baXyS.M rkj HkstkA QyLo:i fØIl fe'ku okil cqyk fy;k x;kA

fØIl fe'ku dh okilh ds ckn ns'k esa jktuSfrd xfrfofèk;ksa esa fQj mQku vk;kA dqN ny rks fczfV'k ljdkj dk leFkZu dj jgs Fks fdUrq dkaxzsl rFkk vU; dqN ikfVZ;ka Lokèkhurk dh ekax rst djus yxhaA blh chp nks vkSj ?kVuk,a gqbZaA teZuh vkSj :l çkjaHk esa rks lkFk Fks] ijUrq 1941 esa teZuh us :l ij gh vkØe.k dj fn;kA Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVÊ] tks vHkh rd fczVsu fojksèkh Fkh] dk utfj;k cny x;kA fczVsu rFkk :l fe= jk"Vª gks x,A tkiku }kjk iyZ gkoZj ij geyk dj nsus ls vesfjdk Hkh ;q) esa lfØ; gks x;kA Hkkdik dh -f"V esa foÜo;q) ^yksd;q)^ gks x;kA nwljh ?kVuk gqbZ Hkkjrh; jktuSfrd iVy ijA dkaxzsl ds gh ,d çeq[k LraHk Jh jktxksikykpkjh us Jh eksgEen vyh ftUuk dh ikfdLrku dh ekax Lohdkj dj yh] bl 'krZ ds lkFk fd ftUuk lkgc ftl Hkkx dks ikfdLrku esa 'kkfey ekurs gSa] ogka tuer laxzg djk fy;k tk,xkA ;fn tuer ikfdLrku ds i{k esa tkrk gS rks ftUuk lkgc dh ekax Lohdkj dj yh tk,xhA

ns'k ds okrkoj.k esa ,d cspSuh iSnk gks x;h FkhA dkaxzsl us bl le; dk ykHk ysuk mfpr le>kA ^djks ;k ejks^ dk ukjk nsus ds iwoZ oèkkZ esa ,-vkbZ-lh-lh- dh cSBd gqbZA ge yksxksa dks nks &pkj fnu fQj dkaxzsl ds 'kh"kZ usr`Ro dh lsok esa yxk fn;k x;kA eq>s jkf= esa ia- usg:] ekSykuk vktkn rFkk vkpk;Z -iykuh ds dejksa ij MîwVh nh x;hA ekSykuk lkgc rc jk"Vªifr ¼dkaxzslkè;{k½ FksA lqcg dh pk; ;k rks ekSykuk lkgc ds dejs esa gksrh ;k usg:th dsA,slh gh ,d lqcg tc eSa pk; ysdj usg: th ds dejs esa igqapk rks ,d vthc utkjk ns[kkA vthc blfy, fd fnu Hkj rks cgqr xaHkhj rFkk mÙkstd cgl gksrhA mldh rqyuk esa lqcg dk okrkoj.k cgqr gYdk& QqYdkA eSa lcdh #fp ds vuqlkj vyx& vyx I;kfy;ka rS;kj dj jgk Fkk] rc dh fnypLi okrkZ dh ,d felky&

^vkb;s -iykuh th] bu fnuksa rks gj ,d dh tcku ij cl ekSykuk lkgc dk gh uke gSA^ usg:th us dgkA

^D;ksa ugha gksxkA oks dkaxzsl dk çslhMsUV gSA^ -iykuhth us rkbZn dhA

---fe;kaA [kke[kokg eq>s D;ksa ?klhVrs gks] t; rks tokgjyky dh cksyh tkrh gSA^ ekSykuk us ckr dh fn'kk cnyhA

^HkbZ] ;g Hkh D;k ckr gSA bu fnuksa yksx lqcg Hkxoku ds lkFk rqEgkjk gh uke ti jgs gSaA^ usg:th us fQj ckr vkxs c<+kbZA

^veka] gekjk D;k\ ge rks xkaèkhth ds eqjhn gSaA cl mudk gqdqe ctkrs gSaA^

t:j--- t:jA oks cqïk t:j dqN djus ij vkenk gSA Llkyk tkus fdrus dks ejok;sxkA vkSj mlds lkFk ge lc Hkh ejsxkA^ -iykuhth galrs gq, cksysA

10& 15 fefuV okrkoj.k ,sls gkl ifjgkl dk jgkA -iykuh th us nks& rhu ckj vyx& vyx yksxksa ds fy, ^Llkyk^ 'kCn dk ç;ksx fd;kA eq>s yxk fd ;g mudk rfd;k dyke gSA

dqN fnuksa ckn gh vxLr 1942 esa cEcbZ dk dkaxzsl dk vfèkos'ku gqvkA xkaèkh th ds ^djks ;k ejks^ ukjs ls lkjs ns'k esa Hkkjh gypy 'kq: gks x;hA eSa rc oèkkZ esa gh FkkA gekjs dkyst ds çkpk;Z JheUukjk;.k vxzoky dydÙks ls ykSVrs gq, cUnh cuk fy, x,A mi& çkpk;Z Jh Hkxor'kj.k vèkkSfy;k d‚yst tk jgs Fks fd ,d vaxzst lktZsUV dks mÙksftr HkhM+ ij ykBh pykrs gq, ns[kdj Lo;a mÙksftr gks x,A rkaxs ls mrjdj ogha ,d Hkk"k.k ns fn;k vkSj lhèks tsy Hkst fn, x,A gekjs d‚yst ds fo|kFkÊ bl okrkoj.k ls D;k vNwrs jgrsA LVs'ku ij gqbZ ,d vkelHkk esa ge yksxksa us Hkh rh[ks Hkk"k.k ns MkysA gksLVy vkdj eSaus firkth dks i= fy[kkA ^eSa ugha pkgrk fd iwoZtksa dk [kwu esjh ulksa esa ;wa gh lw[k tk,A ljdkj us gekjk d‚yst can dj fn;k gSA vU; dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk eSa Hkh tsy tk jgk gwaA^ eq>s foÜokl Fkk fd LVs'ku ij fn, Hkk"k.k ds ckn eq>s iqfyl NksM+sxh ughaA ij ,slk dqN gqvk ughaA rhu pkj fnu esa gh firkth dk i= vk;kA ^rqEgkjk fopkj cgqr vPNk gSA;fn rqe vHkh gksLVy esa gh gks rks ,d ckj ge yksxksa ls feyus vk tkvksA^

mu fnuksa jk; lkgc djrkjukFk ¼vfHkusrk çseukFk ds firk½ oèkkZ ds ,l-ih- FksA mUgksaus ljdkj dks Qksu fd;k fd oèkkZ dk dkelZ d‚yst xkaèkh dk foÜofo|ky; gSA ;gka cgqr vjktdrk QSy jgh gSA d‚yst ij rkyk yxkus dh vuqefr nh tk,A çkUrh; ljdkj us djrkjukFk th dk lq>ko Lohdkj dj fy;kA iqfyl us gekjs d‚yst ij rkyk tM+ fn;kA firkth dk i= feyus ij eSa ?kj vk x;kA ifjokj esa ge dqy pkj çk.khA firkth] eka] eSa vkSj esjh iRuhA esjs vkrs gh eka us jks& jksdj ?kj Hkj fn;kA mldk bdykSrk csVk tsy tk,] ;g mls lgu ugha FkkA firkth ekSuA eSa <hyk iM+ x;kA iksLV vkfQl dk fMCck tyk nsuk tSlh FkksM+h& cgqr rksMQ+ksM+ djrk jgkA ,d fnu fiifj;k ds Fkkusnkj Jh ts-,u- voLFkh ¼os 1959&60 esa jk;iqj ds Mh-vkbZ-th- gq,½ rFkk cM[k+sM+h ds Fkkusnkj fjNkfj;k gekjs xkao vk;sA eq>s ekyxqtkj lkgc ds ;gka cqyk;k x;kA esjs ,d lg;ksxh dks rks fxjrkj dj fy, x;kA eq>s NksM+ fn;kA ckn esa lkspk rks blh ifj.kke ij igqapk fd 'kk;n gekjs ltkrh; ekyxqtkj rFkk vU; yksxksa us esjh vksj ls mUgsa vkÜoLr fd;k gksxkA

xkaèkhth vkxk[kka egy iwuk esaA vU; jk"Vªh; usrkx.k vgenuxj fdys esaA ^yksd;q)^ dh igy djus okys Hkkdik usrk Hkh ckgj jgs vkSj ikfdLrku dk lhfer leFkZu djus okys jktkth dks Hkh fxjrkj ugha fd;k x;kA ,dkèk eghus esa tuthou lkekU; gks x;kA eSa oèkkZ ykSV vk;kA gekjs d‚yst dk rkyk rks ugha [kksyk x;k] ijUrq ukxiqj foÜofo|ky; ds dqyifr Jh Vh-ts- dsnkj us vU;= d{kk,a yxkus dh Loh-fr ns nhA bl rjg ls 6 ekg ckn i<+kbZ 'kq: gks xbZA ;g lkQ utj vkus yxk Fkk fd ;q) ds ckn Hkkjr vktkn gks tk,xkA dkaxzsl ds usrk rks can Fks] ijUrq vU; ikfVZ;ksa ds usrkvksa us ns'kO;kih nkSjs 'kq: dj fn, FksA 1944 esa fgUnw egklHkk ds vè;{k M‚- ';kekçlkn eqdtÊ dk oèkkZ vkxeu gqvkA eqfLye yhx dh ikfdLrku ekax tksj idM+ jgh FkhA ;g Hkh tkfgj gks jgk Fkk fd vaxzst ljdkj Hkh ftUuk lkgc dh bl ekax dks vkxs c<+k jgh gSA M‚- ';kekçlkn eqdtÊ ikfdLrku dk fojksèk dj jgs FksA oèkkZ ds U;w bafXy'k gkbZLdwy ds g‚y esa mudh vkelHkk esa eSa Hkh igqapkA M‚- eqdtÊ us nks eka vkSj ,d csVs okyh dgkor dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq, dgk fd ^udyh eka csVs dks nks VqdM+s djus dh jktkKk ls lger gks ldrh gSA ge fgUnw bl ns'k dh eka gSaA ge Hkkjr dks [kf.Mr gksrs ugha ns[k ldrsA^ Hkk"k.k lekIr gksus ij mUgksaus ç'uksa ds mÙkj nsus dk vkOgku Hkh fd;kA vkSj lc Jksrk rks cSBs jgsA eSa [kM+k gksx;kA ^M‚DVj lkgc] rc rks csVs ¼Hkkjr½ dks [kf.Mr gksus ls cpkus ds fy, gesa vlyh eka dh rjg mls udyh eka dks ns nsuk pkfg,A ij ç'u ;g gS fd D;k jktk Hkh vlyh&udyh eka dh ifgpku djuk pkgrk gSA^ ç'u dkmÙkj feys] blds igys gh fgUnw jk"Vªokfn;ksa us cSBks&cSBks ds ukjs yxk fn,AM‚- eqdtÊ esjs ç'u ls rks lger gq, ijUrq mÙkj ugha ns ldsA xksyeksy ;gh mÙkj fd gesa ns'k dk caVokjk dnkfi Lohdkj ughaA

bl ?kVuk ds dqN le; iwoZ gh ns'k ds lqçfl) m|ksxifr lsB jke-".k Mkyfe;k gekjs d‚yst esa ièkkjs FksA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mUgksaus ;Fkk;ksX; mins'k fn;k] vius mRd"kZ dh dgkuh lqukbZ] foÜo jktuhfr ij Hkh cksysA m|ksxifr gksrs gq, Hkh os :l leFkZd gksus dk nkok dj jgs FksA mUgksaus teZuh vkSj fgVyj }kjk vU; jk"Vªksa ij fd, x, vkØe.k dk vPNk fp= çLrqr djrs gq, dgk fd :l tSls vukØked ns'k ij teZuh dk geyk U;k;laxr ugha gSA Hkk"k.k lekIr gksus ij gekjs dk;Zdkjh çkpk;Z Jh ,e-vkj- rksjoh us Mkyfe;kth ls ç'u iwNus dks dgkA eSa vaMcaM loky djus esa ekfgj ekuk tkrk FkkA ijUrq bl ckj pqi gh jgkA rksjohth esjh vksj eq[kkfrc gq, ^lqjtu rqe gh dqN iwNksA^ vkt lksprk gwa rks yxrk gS fd eSa ml fnu dqN vf'k"V gh jgk gksÅaxkA vknr ds eqrkfcd dqN rudj [kM+s gksdj eSaus ç'u fd;k& ^vki :l dks vukØed ekurs gSaA ijUrq ;fn v[kckjksa esa lgh Nik gS rks ekuuk gksxk fd :l us fQuyS.M ij rks p<+kbZ dh FkhA^ Mkyfe;ka th us esjs ç'u dk mÙkj rks ugha fn;k ij ç'u iwNus ds esjs O;ogkj dh vkykspuk dhA esjs lkfFk;ksa us gks gks dj fn;k vkSj lsBth dk mÙkj ;ksa gh jg x;kA

i<+kbZ lekIr gksus ij eSa ukxiqj vk x;kA dqN fnu ckn yM+kbZ Hkh can gks xbZ vkSj jk"Vªh; usrkvksa dh Hkh fjgkbZ gks xbZA xkaèkhth oèkkZ vk x, FksA eq>s muls baVjO;w ysus ds fy, oèkkZ Hkstk x;kA ijUrq os brus O;Lr Fks fd le; gh ugha feykA eSaus nwljk jkLrk [kkst fudkykA fczfV'k ljdkj rFkk Hkkjrh; usrkvksa ds chp Lokèkhurk nsus lacaèkh ppkZ iqu% 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA blh okrkZ esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, xkaèkhth f'keyk tk jgs FksA ges'kk dh rjg viuh ikVÊ ds lkFk os r`rh; Js.kh ds fMCcs esa cSBsA okLro esa rhu fMCcksa dh ,d fo'ks"k jsyxkM+h dk çcaèk fd;k x;k FkkA eSa oèkkZ LVs'ku ij xkM+h NwVrs gh lokj gks x;kA xkaèkh ny ds dqN yksxksa us eq>s lansg dh -f"V ls ns[kkA ijUrq ifjp; nsus ds ckn fd eSa uoHkkjr ¼ukxiqj½ esa dke djrk gwa] okrkoj.k 'kkar gks x;kA fo'ks"k Vªsu ukxiqj esa gh #dhA bl ?kaVs& lok ?kaVs esa ckiw us 15& 20 feuV dk le; eq>s Hkh ns fn;kA tc eSa mrjus yxk rks ckiw ls gLrk{kj nsus dh çkFkZuk dhA eqr esa gLrk{kj nsuk ckiw us can dj fn;k FkkA lks gfjtu lsod la?k ds uke ij ikap #i, dh ekax iwjh gksus ij gh gLrk{kj fey ldsA bl 15& 20 feuV ds lk{kkRdkj esa ns'k rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; jktuSfrd fLFkfr dk fo'ys"k.k rFkk Hkkjr ¼fo'ks"kdj dkaxzsl½ dh Hkwfedk ij vPNh ppkZ gqbZ FkhAlhèkh vkSj ljy Hkk"kk esa varjkZ"Vªh; lanHkZ esa O;k[;k xkaèkh th gh dj ldrs FksA

xkaèkhth ls;g esjh nwljh rFkk vafre HksaV FkhA 15 vxLr 1947 dks ns'k esa jk"Vªh; ljdkj xfBr gks xbZA ijUrq xkaèkh th us vktknh ds t'u esa dksbZ Hkkx ugha fy;kA os Hkkjr ds caVokjs ls nq[kh FksA mudh ea'kk Fkh fd lkjhlÙkk Jh eksgEen vyh ftUuk dks gh lkSai nh tk,] fdUrq ns'k dks [kf.Mr u gksus fn;k tk,A ;g çLrko u rks ftUuk lkgc us eatwj fd;k vkSj u dkaxzsl usA nwljh vksj nksuksa Hkkxksa esa vYila[;dksa ds dRysvke ls Hkh xkaèkhth nq[kh gks x,A os caxky ds çèkkuea=h glu 'kghn lksgjkonÊ ds lkFk naxk ihfM+rksa dh j{kk djus uksvk[kkyh ds xkaoksa esa nkSjk djus pys x,A

30 tuojh 1948 dka xkaèkh th dh gR;k dj nh xbZA Jh ukFkwjke xksMls ds vuqt Jh xksiky xksMls us ,d iqLrd fy[kh gSA uke fn;k gS& ^xkaèkh oèk^A Jh xksiky xksMls us bl 'kh"kZd dk Li"Vhdj.k nsrs gq, dgk fd os bls gR;k ugha ekursA xkaèkhth èkeZ fojksèkh dk;Z dj jgs Fks blhfy, mudk ^oèk^ fd;k x;kA

13 Qjojh dks uoHkkjr us xkaèkhth dh rsjgoha ij ,d fo'ks"k ifjf'k"V çdkf'kr djus dk fu'p; fd;kA xkaèkh th ds fudVLFk yksxksa rFkk vU; vkJeokfl;ksa ls laLej.kkRd ys[k ysus ds fy, eSa lsokxzke igqapkA vkJe dk dke ;Fkkor py jgk FkkA ysfdu og çsj.kknk;h çdk'kiqat vuUr esa foyhu gks x;k FkkA lkjs vkJe esa ,d xgjk lUukVk Nk x;k FkkA ij eq>s rks viuk dke djuk gh FkkA bl flyflys esa dqN >kafd;ka nsuk equkflc gksxkA

ukxiqj LVs'ku ij gh eq>s ,d [kknhèkkjh lTtu fey x,A eSaus vVdy ls gh iwNk] ^lj] bQ vkbZ MksUV feLVsd] vkj ;w çksQslj jaxk\^ ¼egk'k;] ;fn eSa xyrh ugha dj jgk gwa rks D;k vki gh çksQslj jaxk gSa½\ mÙkj feyk] ^;l] vkb ,e jaxk^ ¼gka eSa jaxk gh gwa½A eaS muds fMCcs eSa gh ?kql x;kA eSaus vius lsokxzke tus dk mís'; crkrs gq, muls vkxzg fd;k fd os xkaèkhth ij ,d ys[k eq>s fy[kk nsaA çks- jaxk dk Hkkstu vk x;k FkkA os Hkkstu djds dkxt& dye ysdj cSB x,A vk¡[kksa ls vfojy vJq& èkkjk cgrh jgh vkSj ys[k Hkh fy[kk tkrk jgkA ;g -'; eq>s Hkh daik x;kA eSa Hkh mlh Hkkouk esa cg x;kA oèkkZ LVs'ku vk;k vkSj ys[k Hkh lekIrA çks- jaxk pkgrs Fks fd vuqokn mUgsa crk fn;k tk,A ij mruk rks le; ugha FkkA eSaus ok;nk fd;k fd ys[k dh çfr mUgsa t:j feysxhA eSaus Lo;a og vuqokn fd;kA vuqokn djrs le; eSa Hkh çks- jaxk dh fLFkfr ls xqtjkA lVhd vuqokn ds fy, mudk èkU;okn i= Hkh eq>s feykA

lsokxzke esa dkdk dkysydj ls feykA muls tc vius vkus dk mís'; crk;k rks vU; ys[kdksa ds chp mUgksaus eq>s Hkh cSBk fy;kA os rhu yksxksa dks vyx& vyx Hkk"kkvksa esa fMDVs'ku ns jgs FksA eSa pkSFkk gks x;kA eq>s vk'p;Z gks jgk Fkk fd dksbZ Hkh O;fä pkj& pkj O;fä;ksa dks vyx& vyx Hkk"kkvksa esa fuckZèk ys[k dSls fy[k ldrk gSA ij dkdk lkgc ,sls gh fof'k"V euh"kh FksA mUgksaus ckiw ij ,d yack ys[k ,d fLFkrçK dh rjg fy[k fn;kA

eSa riksèku Jh -".knkl th tktw dh dqfV;k ij x;kA os cgqr gh mnkl FksA cksys& D;k fy[kokÅaA rqe v[kckj esa pys x, gks] yEck& pkSM+k ys[k pkgksxsA eSaus dgk fd vki FkksM+k gh cksfy,] ys[k eSa rS;kj dj ywaxkA os rS;kj ugha gq,A cgqr vuqu;& fou; djus ds ckn cksys] ^eSa ftruk dgwa mlls vfèkd dqN ugha fy[kukA^ eSaus mUgsa vkÜoLr fd;kA os dsoy ,d okD; cksys] ^nks gtkj lky gks x,] egkRek bZlk ds gR;kjksa dk vHkh rd dksbZ BkSj fBdkuk ugha gks ldkA ckiw ds gR;kjksa dk tkus D;k gky gksxkA^ Li"V gh mudk ladsr ;gwfn;ksa vkSj fgUnw jk"Vªokfn;ksa dh vksj FkkA

nknk èkekZfèkdkjh rFkk fd'kksjh yky th eJqokyk us Hkh ys[k fy[kok,A nksuksa ,d gh earO; ds FksA vc ns'k esa ,slk dkSu egkekuo jgk ftlds vkns'k ij yksx viuh tku rd U;kSNkoj dj nsrs FksA bl èkjrh ij ;qx& iq#"k ckj& ckj vorfjr ugha gksrsA

vHkh& vHkh eSa viuh fe= Jh vkseçdk'k ikyhoky }kjk fyf[kr Lo- jkesÜojh usg: dh thouh i<+ jgk FkkA ns'k dk caVokjk gks x;k FkkA Hkkjr ls eqlyeku vkSj ikfdLrku ls fgUnw ukxfjdksa dk iyk;u tkjh FkkA jkesÜojh usg: rFkk muds vkbZlh,l ¼vodk'k çkIr½ ifr Jh c`tyky usg: ykgkSj esa vius iSr`d Hkou esa jg jgs FksA os 'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh dfBukbZ;ka gy dj jgs Fks fdUrq mudh [kqn dh tku Hkh [krjs esa FkhA mUgksaus ckiw dks uksvk[kkyh rkj HkstkA ^iatkc esa fgUnwvksa ij dgj <k;k tk jgk gSA gekjs çk.k Hkh ladV esa gSaA u ykSgj esa jgrs curk gS vkSj u NksM+rsA ge D;k djsa\^ nwljs gh fnu ckiw dk rkj feyk] ^ykgkSj esa gh jgksA ;fn rqe yksx ej Hkh x, rks eSa vkalw ugha cgkÅaxkA^ vkSj jkesÜoj th rc rd ykgksj esa MVh jgha] tc rd fd QkSt us mUgsa Hkkjr vkus dks etcwj ugha dj fn;kA

eq>s bl lanHkZ esa çfl) i=dkj Jh ,e- pyifrjko ds 'kCn ;kn vkrs gSaA&

^xkaèkhth us 1920 esa turk dks tsy tkus ds Hk; ls eqä fd;k] 1930 esa laifÙk pys tkus ds Hk; ls NqVdkjk fnyk;k vkSj 1940 esa çk.kksRlxZ dj nsus dh çsj.kk nhA^

fdruk lVhd fooj.k gS ckiw ds usr`Ro dkA vc dkSu vius çk.kksa dk cfynku djus dks rS;kj gS] tks vius vuq;kf;;ksa dks oSlk funZs'k ns ldsA