vktknh dh yM+kbZ dk tekuk gh ,slk Fkk fd xkaèkhth ds vkanksyu ls tqM+s gq, yksxksa dks turk flj ij cSBk ysrh FkhA ftldh tSlh lsok gks oSls gh dqN mikfèk;ksa ls 'kh"kZLFk usr`Ro dks vya-r dj nsuk dksbZ kSj pfjdrk ugha gqvk djrhFkh] oju turk mls viuk vfèkdkj ;k nkf;Ro ekurh FkhA ekuk rks ;g tkrk gS] fd xkaèkh th dks egkRek dk lacksèku xq#nso johUæukFk Bkdqj us fn;k ijUrq ,d fdaoUnrh ;g Hkh gS fd xkaèkhth dks egkRek lacksèku djus okys igys O;fä Jh jktdqekj 'kqDy Fks ftuds vkea=.k ij xkaèkhth us fuygs xksjsa ds vR;kpkj ds f[kykQ pEikju ¼fcgkj½ dk nkSjk fd;kA rc ,d lHkh esa xkaèkhth dk ifjp; nsrs gq,Jh jktdqekj 'kqDy us vius Lokxr Hkk"k.k esa dgk Fkk] '---fd egkRek xkaèkh vkt gekjs d"V lquus ds fy, bl Hkwfe ij ièkkjs gq, gSaAÓ ijUrq ;g Hkh lp gS] fd bl vuk;kl lacksèku ds lkFk gh xkaèkh th egkRek ugha dgykus yxs FksArc os deZohj dh mikfèk ls lacksfèkr fd, tkrs FksA blh rjg ykyk yktirjk; dks fgUnds'kjh] fpjatunkl dks ns'kcUèkq] enu eksgu ekyoh; dks egkeuk] tokgjyky usg: dks ;qod lezkV] M‚- jktsUæ çlkn dks ns'kjRu tSlh mikfèk;ksa dks foHkwf"kr fd;k x;k FkkA;g rks mu fnuksa ds pyu dk ,d mnkgj.k Hkj gSA esjs blys[k ds uk;d gSa M‚- jktsUæ çlknA

jktsUæ ckcw dks eSaus igys igy oèkkZ esa 1938 esa ns[kkA mu fnuksa esjh mez ds fd'kksjksa ds fy, ;fn tokgjyky usg: vnE; 'kkS;Z ds çrhd Fks rks jktsUæ ckcw vlhe J)k ds vfèkdkjhAjktsUæ ckcw ds çfr vkd"kZ.k dk,d dkj.k Hkh FkkA 1937 esa jkT;ksa esa yksdrkaf=d ljdkjksa dh LFkkiuk dk ,d lhfer ç;kl gqvk FkkA rc jkT;ksa dks çkUr dgk tkrk FkkA 1935 ds Hkkjr dkuwu ds rgr fczfV'k Hkkjr ds lHkh çkarksa esa pquko gqvk FkkA 1935 ds Hkkjr dkuwu ds rgr fczfV'k Hkkjr ds lHkh çkarksa esa pquko gqvk FkkA eSaus Hkh vius {ks= ds dkaxzsl çR;k'kh ykyk vtZquflag dk çpkj dk;Z fd;k FkkA blhfy;s ;g ekudj pyrk gwa fd jktuhfr esa esjh og igyh Hkwfedk FkhA ia- }kjdkçlkn feJ eè;çkar rFkk cjkj esa M‚- ,u-ch- [kjs }kjk xfBr eaf=eaMy ds lnL; FksA fdUrq feJth dks eaf= ifj"kn esa 'kkfey gksus ds ifgys ,d ijh{kk ls xqtjuk iM+k FkkA muds fojksfèk;ksa us mUgsa glhuk dkaM uke ls çpfyr ,d çdj.k esa my>k fn;k Fkk rkfd os eaf=eaMy esa 'kkfey ugha fd;s tk ldsaA rc egkRek xkaèkh us M‚- jktsUæçlkn dks bl çdj.k dk tkap vfèkdkjh fu;qä fd;k FkkA jktsUæ ckcw us feJth dks funkZs"k ?kksf"kr fd;k FkkA ml fd'kksjkoLFkk esa jktuhfr rks D;k le> esa vkrhA fdUrq jktsUæ] ckcw ds bl?kVuk ls tqMu+s dh ppkZ ds dkj.k mUgsa ns[kus dh lgt mRlqdrk gks x;hA

;g mRlqdrk vius vki 'kkar gks tkrh ;fn M‚- [kjs dk.M u gqvk gksrkA 1938 esa dkaxzsl gkbZdeku us dqN dkj.kksa ls M‚- [kjs dks çèkkuea=h ¼vc eq[;ea=h½ in ls gVkus dk QSlyk fd;kA dkaxzsl ds ç'kklfud bfrgkl esa;g igyh ?kVuk FkhAblfy, dkaxzsl ikfyZ;kesaVjh cksMZ dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr vkSj tgka rd eq>s lej.k gS ,-vkbZ-lh-lh- dh cSBdsa Hkh oèkkZ esa j[kh x;h FkhaA jktsUæ ckcw tSls ofj"B usrk bu cSBdksa esa mifLFkr jgs ;g vko';d gh FkkA vkSj blhfy, eq>s mUgsa ns[kus dk ekSdk fey x;kA blds ckn rks fQj muls feyus ds vusd volj vk;s ijUrq çFke n'kZu dh Le`fr;ka dqN LFkk;h Nki NksM+ tkrh gSaA

mUgsa igyh ckj ns[kdj ;gh yxk fd os gekjs ,e-,y-,- ykyk vtZquflag tSh gh dksbZ xkaoBh usrk gSaA ?kqVuksa ls dqN uhps rd dh ,d yach èkksrh] ?kj dk èkqyk gqvk dqrkZ lknh lh [kíj tkdsV vkSj flj ij csrjrhc j[kh gqbZ VksihA ikaoksa esa iqjkuh lh pIiysaA psgjk bruk cq>k& cq>k lk fd ;g eglwl ugha gqvk fd fdlh fo}ku jk"Vªh; usrk ds n'kZu dj jgs gSaA esjs tSls vusd ;qodksa ds eu ij tokgjyky th tSls piy& papy rFkk lqn'kZu O;fäRo dh Nfo vafdr FkhA diM+s rks os Hkh ,sls gh igurs Fks ijUrq rstLoh brus fd tgka ls fudy tk,a] yksx lgedj vius vki jkLrk ns nsaA usg:th dh rqyuk esa jktsUæ ckcw furkar lgt vkSj ljy rFkk BsB Hkkjrh;rk ds çfrfufèk O;fä yxrs FksA usg:th ls ckr djus esa tgka ,d Hk; ;k ladksp vuqHko gksrk Fkk ogka jktsUæ ckcw cgqr vkReh; ekywe gksrs FksA muds bUgha xq.kksa ds dkj.k eSa mudh vksj vkdf"kZr gks x;kA

Lokèkhurk laxzke ds nkSj esa jktuhfr esa bruk cM+Iiu feyus ij Hkh jktsUæ ckcw esa vga ugha vk;kA nks pkj ckj ,sls Hkh çlax vk, fd eq>s muds lkFk ,d nks ehy iSny pyuk iM+kA ;g vDlj rc gksrk Fkk tc os oèkkZ vk;s gksa vkSj mUgsa ysus ds fy, dksbZ lokjh LVs'ku u igqaph gks vFkok fd os fcuk fdlh dks lwpuk fn, gh ctktokM+h ¼oèkkZ½ ls lsokxzke ds fy, py iM+s gksaA lkekU;r% gksrk ;gh Fkk fd os u rks vius oèkkZ vkus dh dksbZ vfxze lwpuk nsrs Fks vkSj u oèkkZ igqap tkus ij lsokxzke tkus dhA;fn Jh tequkyky th ctkt ;kmuds çfr"Bku dks [kcj fey tk;s rks fu'p; gh jktsUæ ckcw ds fy, okgu dh O;oLFkk gks tkrhA ijUrq os brus ladksph O;fä Fks fd vius fy, nwljksa dks d"V nsuk equkflc ugha le>rs FksA bruk t:j Fkk fd os tc os oèkkZ vkrs rks Bgjrs ctktokM+h ds vfrfFk x`g esa ghAladksp ds ,sls {k.kksa esa gh muds lkFk gks ysus ds la;ksx eq>s feyrs jgsA

oèkkZ LVs'ku ls ctktokM+h vkus ds nks jkLrs FksA ,d ?kqekonkj iDdh lM+d okyk yEck jkLrk vkSj nwljk 'kkVZdVA jktsUæ ckcw 'kkVZdV ls gh vkuk ilan djrsA ,d rks nwjh de vkSj nwljs esy eqykdkfr;ksa ls jkLrs pyrs HksaV u gksus dh vkÜofLrA bl 'kkVZdV ij gh eSa dHkh& dHkh ?kweus fudy tkrkA LVs'ku rd Hkh igqap tkrk v[kckj i<u+s ds fy,Arc ns[krk fd uhps utj fd, gq, jktsUæ ckc pys vk jgs gaSA ogh nsgkrh fyckl vkSjgkFk esa ,d >ksyk ftlesa ,d nks fnu ds oL= gksrsA cjlkr ds ekSle esa Nkrk Hkh lkFk gksrkA vius oèkkZ fuokl ds fnuksa esa eSaus muds lkFk dHkh blls vfèkd lkeku ugha ns[kkA

,slh voLFkk esa tc dHkh muls HksaV gks tkrh] eSa mudk >ksyk ysus dh dksf'k'k djrkA çkjaHk esa os blds fy, rS;kj ugha gq, ijUrq cgqr vkxzg ds ckn mudk ladksp VwVkA eSa mUgsa ctktokM+h rd igqapk vkrk vkSj vfrfFkx`g dsdkfjUnksa dks bldh lwpuk Hkh ns nsrkA okLro esa mUgsa Hkh f'kdk;r jgrh Fkh fd jktsUæ ckcw u rks dqN ekaxrs gSa u t:jrksa ls voxr djkrs gSaA ckn esa teukykyth dh mUgsa MkaV Hkh lquuh iM+rh gSA jkLrs esa jktsUæ ckcw [kqn gh dqN u dqN ckr djrs tkrs FksA ge yksxksa dh f'k{kk& nh{kk] ifjokj] HkkbZ&cfgu tSlh lHkh iwNrkN djrsA i<+kbZ& fy[kkbZ ds okrkoj.k ds ckjs esa t:j iwNrsA muls ckr djrs le; ,slk yxrk fd ?kj dk dksbZ cM+k& cqtqxZ vius f'k{kkjr cPpksa ds lq[k& nq[k dh tkudkjhys jgk gSA dgha dksbZ vkSipkfjdrk ugha] dksbZ cukoV ugha] flQZ ,d feBkl Hkjh vkReh;rkA ,d ckj blh jg lsokxzke rd mudk lkFk gks x;kA eSa lkbZdy ij FkkA FkksM+h nwjh ikj djus ij ns[kk fd jktsUæ ckcw iSny gh pys tk jgs gSaAmlds ckn rks t:jh gks gh x;k fd eSa lkbZdy ls mrj tkÅaA cl,slh gh ckrsa FkksM+h nsj gksrhaA ,d fo|kFkÊ ls vkf[kj ckr fdruh dh tk;sA ckr pkyw j[kus ds fygkt ls eSaus ;ksa gh iwN fy;k fd muds ifjokj esa esjh vk;q ds fd'kksj Hkh rks gksaxsA os èkhes ls galsAfQj lkjs ifjokj dh lwph fxuok nhA;g Hkh fd dkSu D;k i<+ jgk gS] dSlh cqf) gS\ csfV;ka fdruh gSa\ vkfnA vc eq>s dsoy nks gh uke ;kn vkrs gSaA,d muds csVs Jh e`R;qat; çlkn flag dk vkSj nwljs muds Hkrhts ;k cfgu ds csVs cztuanu fd'kksj ;k ,slk gh dqN yEck ukeA

cM+s gksus ij jktsUæ ckcw ds ckjs esa cgqr dqN tkudkjh feyhA lhèks lkns fn[kus okys jktsUæçlkn i<+kbZ esa cgqr rst FksA os çkjaHk ls gh çFke Js.kh esa çFke vkrs jgsA vkRefoÜokl bruk fd yk dh ijh{kk esa nl esa ls nl ç'u dj fn, vkSj ijh{kd ds fy, fy[k fn;k fd og tks pkgs ikap ç'u tkap ns vkSj foÜofo|ky; dks fy[k fn;k fd fdUgha Hkh ikap ç'kuksa ds vad tksM+dj ijh{kk ifj.kke fudky nsaA fo|kFkÊ ijh{kd ls T;knk Kku laiUu gSA ijh{kkvksa dh bl lQyrk ls Hkh mudk vfHkeku tkx`r ugha gqvkA

odkyr çkjaHk dj nsus ij Hkh ogh lknxhA odhy dk ckuk t:j èkkj.k djrs ijUrq dksbZ VheVke ughaA cgl djrs rks U;k;kèkh'k iwjs uksV~l ysrs fd dgha pwd u gks tk,A vusd ckj U;k;kèkh'k gh iwN ysrs fd os tks m)j.k ns jgs gSa fdl fdrkc ds fdl iUus ij gSA muds dgus ds ckn tt mldFku dh iqf"V dh t:jr ugha le>rs FksA M‚- jktsUæ çlkn us dgk gS rks lgh gh gSA fdlh eqdn~es esa yanu x,A fçoh dkSafly ds lkeus iSjoh djrs le; Hkh ogh lknk fycklA iSaV&dksV vkSj flj ij VksihA

igys ifjokj dh fLFkfr cgqr vPNh ugha FkhA odkyr ds ckn gkykr lqèkjsA egkRek xkah ds çHkko esa Lokèkhurk laxzke esa 'kkfey gks x,A odkyr fcydqy gh NwV x;hA vkfFkZd fLFkfr bruh fcxM+ x;h fd teukyky thctkt ls _.k ysuk iM+kA teukykyth rks lgk;rk Lo:i gh ekfld jkf'k ckaèk nsuk pkgrs Fks ijUrq LokfHkekuh jktsUæ ckcw dks ;g Lohdkj ugha FkkA ?kj ds vkHkw"k.k fxjoh j[kdj gh os jkf'k ysus dks rS;kj gq, FksA bl lacaèk esa mUgksaus xkaèkhth dh lykg Hkh Lohdkj ugha dh FkhA

esjk [;ky gS] fd os 1934 esa jk"Vªifr ¼dkaxzslkè;{k½ fuokZfpr gq,A mlh o"kZ fcgkj esa bruk cM+k Hkwdai vk;k fd yxHkx ipkl gtkj yksx e`R;q ds eqag esa pys x,A unh& rkykcksa ds ckaèk VwV tkus ls tku& eky dh Hkkjh {kfr gqbZA vLoLFk jgrs gq, Hkh jktsUæ ckcw lgk;rk dk;Z esa tqV x,A fcgkj Hkwdai fuokj.k lfefr vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij xfBr dh x;hA Hkwdai dh foHkhf"kdk ns[kus Lo;a xkaèkhth rFkk tokgjyky th fcgkj igqapsA N: ekg ls vfèkd le; rd jktsUæ ckcw Hkwdai ihfM+r {ks= esa gh Msjk Mkys iM+s jgsA muds dkj.k dk;ZdrkZvksa esa Hkh mRlkg cuk jgk vkSj ihfM+r turk esa HkhA yk[kksa foLFkkfirksa dk iquokZl muds ç;Ruksa ls gh laHko gks ldkA turk rks D;k fczfV'k ljdkj us Hkh muds Je rFkk yxu dh ç'kalk dhA

jktsUæ ckcw ds O;fäRo dks le>us ds fy, dqN mnkgj.k nsuk mfpr gksxkA muds ladksph LoHkko vkSj lknxh dh ckuxh Hkh buls fey tk;sxhA

jktsUæ ckcw mu fnuksa jk"Vªifr FksA dkaxzsl dk dk;kZy; bykgkckn esaA ,d ckj os fdlh Vªsu ls jkf= esa bykgkckn igqapsA BaM dk ekSle ogh èkksrh dqjrk] tkdsV vkSj VksihA Åij ls iqjkuk lk dacyA vkuan Hkou igqaps rks pkSdhnkj mUgsaigpku ugha ik;kA mUgksaus tokgjykyth ds ckjs esa iwNk rks crk fn;k x;k fd os lks jgs gSaA lqcg gh eqykdkr gksxhA vius ladksr esa blls vkxs dksbZ ckr ughaA vyko ty jgk Fkk] ogha cSBdj gkFk&iSj lsadus yxsA pkSdhnkj ls ckrphr Hkh gksrh jghA ogh lc ikfjokfjd ç'uA dksbZ ,d ?kaVs ckn mUgsa nek dk nkSjk iM+k vkSj tksj dh [kkalh vkbZA tSls fd bl ekSu lsHkh vkuan Hkou fgy x;kA vpkud tokgjyky th dh uhan [kqyh vkSj [kkalh ls mUgksaus vuqeku yxk;k fd ;s rks jktsUæ ckcw gks ldrs gSaA os ckgj vk, vkSj ns[kdj lUu jg x, fd jk"Vªifr vyko ij cSBdj pkSdhnkj ls cfr;k jgs gSaA pkSdhnkj dks rks MkaV iM+h gh jktsUæ ckcw Hkh ugha NksM+s x,AvkSj og rks tokgjyky gh gks ldrs Fks fd jktsUæ ckcw dks yxHkx ?klhVrs gq, vUnj ys x,A etk ;g fd jk"Vªifr dks u ckgj cSBs jgus dh f'kdk;r u f?klVrs gq, Hkhrj ys tk, tkus dkHkkuA

,slh gh ?kVuk gqbZ ml tekus ds lqçfl) vaxzsth v[kckj ^yhMj^ ds laiknd lj lh-ok;- fpUrkef.k ds lkFkA jktsUæ ckcw vkSj fpUrkef.k th fudV ds fe=A yhMj esa muds ys[k fcuk drj O;ksar ds NirsA ijLij cgqr lEeku HkhA ,d ckj jktsUæ ckcw yhMj dk;kZy; esa x, vkSj Jh fparkef.k ds pijklh dks vius u ke dh fLyi ns nhA pijklh xqipqi fLyi j[k vk;kA fpUrkef.kth dh th utj gh ugha iM+hA FkksM+h nsj çrh{kk djus ds ckn mls Lej.k fnyk;k rks cksyk] ^vjs tjk& lcqj djksA lkgsc dke ek yxs gSaA dksÅ t:jh gS fd QkSju cqyk; ysaA^ fQj pqiA FkksM+h nsj ckn bl fLyi ij lh-ok;- dh utj iM+h rks [kqn gh ckgj nkSM+s vk;sA ns[kk jk"Vªifr cM+s euks;ksx ls pijklh ls ckr dj jgs gSaA fpUrkef.k us ckj& ckj ekQh ekaxh vkSj pijklh dks MkaVrs gq, jktsUæ ckcw dks vanj ys x,A

jktsUæ ckcw dks NksMu+s fpUrkef.k ckgj vk, rks pijklh vkSj ldidk x;kA jktsUæ ckcw ds ihNs nkSM+kA ^egkjkt] igys dksbZ u crkok fd vki ykBifr ¼jk"Vªifr½ gSaA ç;kxjkt rks jktèkkuh gSA jkstbZ,d nks ykV lkgsc ¼vaxzst vkQhlj½ lkgsc ls feyck vkr jgsaA vki dkSu ykBifr gSa] gesa u crko rks gekj dgk nkslA lkgc] irk crk; tkoAdgwa ukSdjh ls fudkj nhu rks vkidh flQkfj'k ykfxgSA^

jktsUæ ckcw ykSVs vkSj fpUrkef.k th dks pijklh dh dFkk lquk;hA 'kk;n ctktokM+h ds vfrfFkx`g ds dkfjUnksa dk d"VHkh blhrjg dk jgk gksxkA tc eSa mUgsa jktsUæ ckcw ds vkxeu dh lwpuk nsrk rks èkU;okn ekursA

1947 esa Hkkjr vaxzst 'kklu ls eqä gks x;kA jktsUæ ckcw usg: eaf=eaMy ds lnL; gq,A fQj lafoèkku lHkk ds vè;{k vkSj u;k lafoèkku Lohdkj gks tkus ij jk"VªifrA fdUrq muds fu'Ny O;fäRo esa dksbZ varj ugha vk;kA

jk"Vªifr Hkou dh HkO;rk ls os tSls ?kcM+k ls x,A vkèkk Hkou jk"Vªh; laxzgky; ds fy, ns fn;kA vkSj 'ks"k vkèks esa ls Hkh dqN jktdqekjh ve`rdkSj dksA jktdqekjh usg: eaf=eaMy dh lnL;k FkhaA

muds ifgukos esa t:j vkSipkfjdrk vk x;h] ijUrq lknxh esa dksbZ ifjorZu ughaA os jk"Vªifr dh gSfl;r ls ,d ckj Hkksiky vk;sA Vªsu vk;s dkQh le; vk x;k ij lSywu ls ckgj vkus esa mUgsa le; yx jgk FkkA IysVQkeZ ij HkhM+ vkSj t; t;dkj ds ukjsA eSa nsjh dk dkj.k tkuus utj cpkdj fMCcs esa ?kql x;k rks ns[kk muds fefyVªh vVSph dSIVsu ;nqukFk flag jk"Vªifr dh Vksih Bhd dj jgs gSaA

esjs fo|kFkÊ dky esa oèkkZ esa M‚- jktsUæ çlkn ls dHkh& dHkkj HksaV gks tkus dk Øe muds jk"Vªifr Hkou esa vk tkus ds ckn Hkh pyrk jgkA jk"Vªifr Hkou esa rks ,d nks ckj laikndksa ds çfrfufèkeaMy esa tkus dk ekSdk feyk ijUrq ipe<+h esa t:j çfro"kZ ,d nks ckj feyk djrkAbu eqykdkrksa ls fdlh fudVrk dk nkok ugha fd;k tk ldrkA jk"Vªifr ls gqbZ HksaV rks vkSj vfèkd vkSipkfjd gks x;hA

jktsUæ ckcw nes ds ejht FksA ns'k dk;Z esa yxs jgrs rks dksbZ flyflysokj bykt laHko ugha gqvk] ijUrq jk"Vªifr gks tkus ij fpfdRlk lqfoèkk,a u dsoy miyCèk jgha oju muesa ,d fu;ferrk Hkh vk tkus ls muds LokLF; esa dkQh lqèkkj gqvkA ;g LokHkkfod Hkh FkkA nes ds fy, ipe<+h dh tyok;q mudks cgqr vuqdwy lkfcr gqbZA eè;çns'k ds eq[;ea=h ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy ls muds vkReh; lacaèk FksA 'kqDyth us mUgsa ipe<++h vkeaf=r fd;k vvkSj igyh gh ;k=k esa ogka dh vkcksgok muds LokLF; ds fy, Bhd jghA bl vuqHko ds i'pkr os çfro"kZ gh ipe<+h vkrs jgsA os jktHkou esa gh Bgjrs fdUrq dqN o"kksZa ckn 'kqDyth us muds fy, fo'ks"k vfrfFkx`g dk fuekZ.k Hkh djk fn;k FkkA muds çokl ls ipe<+h dh jkSud c<+ tkrh FkhA eè;çns'k ljdkj rks nks egk ds fy, ogka vkrh gh] jktsUæ ckcw ls feyus &tqyus vkus okyksa dh Hkh deh ugha FkhA os lkekU; tu ds fy, Hkh lqyHk jgrsA ipe<+h ls fonk ysrs le; os fonkbZ lekjksg esa ukxfjdksa dks vkeaf=r djuk Hkh u HkwyrsA

jk"Vªifr ds :i esa M‚- jktsUæ çlkn vius vfèkdkjksa ds çfr Hkh i;kZIr tkx:d FksA lafoèkku lHkk ds vè;{k ds ukrs os lafoèkku dh ckjhfd;ksa ls rks ifjfpr Fks gh] fofèkosrk gsus ls dkuwu ij mudh [kklh idM+ FkhA jktsUæ ckcw rFkk tokgj yky usg: jktuhfr esa yxHkx lkFk gh vk;s vkSj lÙkkdky esa Hkh nksuksa ds chp erHksnksa ds ckotwn vPNk lkeatL; jgkA ;g lkeatL; cuk, j[kus ds fy, fdlh ,d dks Js; nsuk laHko ugha gSA oLrqr: Lokèkhurk vkanksyu dky esa daèks ls daèkk feykdj dke djus ls nksuksa ,d nwljs ds LoHkko ls ifjfpr FksA lÙkk esa vkus ds ckn jk"Vªifr rFkk çèkkuea=h ds chp LoLFk ijaijk dk lw=ikr djus dk le; Hkh ;gh FkkA vr: dqN çlaxksa esa xgjs erHksn gksrs gq, Hkh nksuksa us ,d nwljs dh çfr"Bk ij vkap ugha vkus nhA

tokgjyky th fgUnw dksM fcy ds ç.ksrk FksA tc ;g fcy jk"Vªifr dh çkjafHkd Loh-fr ds fy, x;k rks M‚- jktsUæ çlkn us ml ij vkifÙk dhA jktsUæ ckcw ijEijkoknh Fks] ia- usg: dh çxfr'khy fopkjèkkjk ds lkFk os ugha py ldsA QyLo:i fgUnw dksM fcy vius ewy Lo:i esa laln esa ugha vk ldkA ia- usg: mls fgLls&fgLls esa gh ikfjr djk ldsA dqN fooknxzLr èkkjk,a fcy esa ls gVk nh x;haA nksuksa ds chp blrjg dk fookn dksbZ igyh ?kVuk ugha FkhA 1937 esa tc tokgjykyth us iqu% jk"Vªifr ¼dkaxzslkè;{k½ fuokZfpr gksus ij dk;Zdkfj.kh lfefr xfBr dh rks dqN le; ckn dkaxzsl ds vU; ewèkZU; usrkvksa ls mudk erHksn gks x;kA ia- usg: dkaxzsl dh uhfr;ksa dks lektokn dh vksj eksMu+k pkgrs Fks ijUrq vU; usrk blds fy, rS;kj ugha FksA rc loZJh jktxksikykpkjh] ljnkj iVsy] jktsUæ çlkn] vkpk;Z -iykuh] vkfn 8 lnL;ksa us lektoknh uhfr ds fojksèk esa dk;Zdkfj.kh ls R;kxi= ns fn;k FkkA xkaèkhth us chp cpko dj ;s R;kxi= okil djk;s vU;Fkk fLFkfr bl gn rd xaHkhj gks x;h Fkh fd tokgjyky th us dkaxzslkè;{k in ls bLrhQk nsus dk eu cuk fy;k FkkA

fgUnw dksM fcy ds vykok jk"Vªifr ds vfèkdkjksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djus ds çlax esa Hkh nksuksa ds chp njkj iSnk gks x;h FkhA çèkkuea=h tokgjyky usg: dh ekU;rk Fkh fd jk"Vªifr dks eaf=eaMy dk ijke'kZ Bqdjk nsus dk vfèkdkjgSAysfdu ;g lkoZtfud cgl dk eqík ugha cuk;k x;kA rRdkyhu ,VuÊ tujy Jh fpeuyky lhryokM us jk; nh fd jk"Vªifr ds vfèkdkj fczVsu ds jktk@jkuh ls vfèkd ugha gSaA gka mUgsa bruk gd gkfly gS fd os fdlh fcy dks lqçhe dksVZ dh jk; ds fy, Hkst ldrs gSa vFkok eaf=eafMy dks iqufoZVkj dk funZs'k ns ldrs gSaApwafd Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr dk lHkh jkT;ksa }kjk fuokZpu gksrk gS vr: baXyS.M ds jktk@jkuh ds vfèkdkjksa dh rqyuk esa mUgsa bruk vfèkdkj vfèkd çkIr gSA dqN blh çdkj dk er nwljs fofèkosrk M‚- ân;ukFk dqat: us Hkh fn;k FkkA M‚- jktsUæ çlkn bl jk; ls lger ugha gq,A bafM;u yk bULVhVîwV ds 1956&57 ds okf"kZdksRlo ds volj ij mUgksaus fofèkosÙkkvksa ls iqu: vkxzg fd;k Fkk fd lafoèkku esa jk"Vªifr ds vfèkdkjksa dk vè;;u dj os mls iqu% O;k[;kf;r djsaA

jktsUæ ckcw vius lgdfeZ;ksa ds çfr Hkh cgqr vkLFkkoku FksA iVuk esa fcgkj çns'k dkaxzsl desVh ds dk;kZy; lnkdr vkJe esa dksbZ eqa'khth muds cgqr fudVLFk lg;ksxh FksA jktsUæ ckcw ds jk"Vªifr fuokZfpr gksus ij eqa'khth us cèkkbZ Hksth] jktsUæ ckcw us dksbZ mÙkj ugha fn;kA eqa'khth us mykguk nsrs gq, nwljk i= fy[kk] mldk Hkh tokc unkjrA eqa'khth us feyus dk le; ekaxk] vkxzg bl ckj Hkh vuqÙkfjr jgkA jk"Vªifr dk çFke iVuk nkSjk gqvkA eqa'khth ls feyus ds fy, dksbZ dk;ZØe fuèkkZfjr ugha fd;k x;kA eqa'khth cspkjs ek;wl gks x,A jk"Vªifr gksus ds ckn jktsUæ ckcw esa Hkh jkten vk tk,xk] bldh dYiuk mUgksaus ugha dh FkhA vc os yksxksa ls ,slh ppkZ Hkh djus yxsA

iVuk çokl esa nwljs gh fnu lqcg jk"Vªifr rS;kjA u ik;yV lkFk u lqj{kk deÊA dsoy ,d lgk;d dks ysdj os vdsys gh xkM+h ij lokjA iqfyl vkSj lqj{kk nLrk HkkSapd fd vkf[kj tkuk dgka gSA lcdks jksd fn;k x;kA jk"Vªifr Lo;a Mªkboj dk ekxZn'kZu djrs jgs vkSj dkj iVuk dh vkM+h Vs<+h xfy;ksa ls gksrs gq, vpkud eqa'khth ds fuokl ij #dok nh x;hA eqa'khth rks ;g dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ldrs Fks fd jk"Vªifr muds ;gka bl rjg igqap tk,axsA nksuksa ,d nwljs dks xys yxk, gq, FksA vfojy xfr ls nksuksa ds çsekJq cg jgs FksA LoLFk ç-fr gksus ij tc eqa'khth us mykguk fn;k rks jk"Vªifr dk lhèkk lk mÙkj] ^eq>s [kqn rqels feyus vkuk pkfg, FkkAljdkjh rke>ke esa laHko ugha gks ik;kAtokc D;k nsrk\^ eqa'khth ds ttZj edku ij HkhM+ bdëh gks x;hA -".k&lqnkek ds bl foijhr feyu us fd
ruksa dh vka[ksa xhyh dj nhaA dkSu fxurkA

;g ,d NksVs flikgh dh dgkuh FkhA ,d fdLlk ljnkj dk HkhA 15 fnlEcj 1950 dh lqcg ljnkj iVsy dk cacbZ esa fuèku gks x;kA çèkkuea=h tokgj yky usg: rks vius mi&çèkkuea=h dh vaR;sf"V esa 'kkfey gksus cacbZ tk jgs Fks fdUrq mudh jk; gqbZ fd jk"Vªifr dk tkuk f'k"Vkpkj ds fu;eksa ds f[kykQ gksxkA ,d nyhy ;g Hkh nh x;h fd jk"Vªifr rFkk çèkkuea=h nksuksa ,d lkFk fnYyh ls ckgj jgs] ;g mfpr u gksxkA lkFk esa cacbZ esa nksuksa dh ,d lkFk mifLFkfr ls lqj{kk O;oLFkk xM+cM+k ldrh gSA jktsUæ ckcw us ;s nyhysa lqu yhA dksbZ jk; O;ä ugha dhA tc çèkkuea=h dk ok;q;ku mM+ x;k rks vkèkk ?kaVs ckn jk"Vªifr Hkh cacbZ ds fy, jokuk gks x;sA ckn esa jktsUæ ckcw us dgk fd jk"Vªifr ds f'k"Vkpkj ds fu;e pkgs tks Hkh gksa] o"kksZa ds ,d lgdeÊ ds çfr vkLFkk& vknj O;ä djus ds fy, os bu fu;eksa dh mis{kk djuk gh mfpr ekurs gSaA

nksuksa ds chp erHksn ds dqN NksVs çlax Hkh mifLFkr gq,A ij jk"Vªifr jktsUæ çlkn us viuh ekU;rkvksa dks ugha NksM+kA

uofufeZr lkseukFk eafnj dk mn~?kkVu ,d ,slk gh çlax gSA çèkkuea=h pkgrs Fks fd jkT;kè;{k ds ukrs jk"Vªifr dks fdlh èkkfeZd lekjksg esa ugha tkuk pkfg,A ijUrq jktsUæ ckcw bl jk; ls lger ugha gq,A tc os okjk.klh x, rks mUgksaus xaxk Luku ds le; laiw.kZ fofèk foèkku ls iwtu vpZu fd;k rFkk iafMrksa ds pj.k èkksdj vkpeu Hkh fd;kA tokgjykyth us bldh vkykspuk djrs gq, jk"Vªifr dks i= fy[kkA og vuns[kk dj fn;k x;kA çèkkuea=h us jk"Vªifr dh liRuhd fons'k ;k=k ij Hkh jksd yxkuk pkgh FkhA M‚- jktsUæ çlkn dh iRuh Jherh jktoa'kh nsoh us u dsoy dn esa NksVh Fkha oju ns[kus lquus esa Hkh cgqr lkèkkj.k FkhaA lq:ik rks dnkfi ughaA os 'kq):is.k ,d x`fg.kh FkhaA ia- usg: dh utj esa fonsf'k;ksa ds lkeus çLrq gksus okyh ;g mi;qä tksM+h ugha FkhA ijUrq jktsUæ ckcw dk dFku Fkk] fd vkf[kj vÝhdh jk"Vªuf;d Hkh rks fons'k ;k=kvksa ij tkrs gSaA mUgksaus usg:th dh jk; vekU; dj nhA

M‚- jktsUæ çlkn 12 o"kZ rd jk"Vªifr jgsA 1950 esa u;k lafoèkku ykxw gksus ij os çFke ckj jk"Vªifr fu;qä fd, x,A 1952 esa vke pquko ds ckn os fuokZfpr gq,A 1957 esa tokgjyky th M‚- jkèkk-".ku dks mijk"Vªifr ls jk"Vªifr in ij ykuk pkgrs FksA M‚- jkèkk-".ku ls lgefr Hkh ys yh x;hA ijUrq jktsUæ ckcw us iqu% fuokZfpr gksus dh bPNk çdV dhA okLro esa fcgkj ds lkalnksa us tksj fn;k fd ;fn çèkkuea=h iqu% fuokZfpr gks ldrs gSa rks jk"Vªifr D;ksa ughaA varr% usg:th dks >qduk iM+kA

ia- tokgj yky usg: us jk"Vªifr ds vkpj.k dks ljkgk vFkok ugha] ;g vyx ckr gSA ijUrq mUgksaus jk"Vªifr dh vogsyuk ugha dhA çfr lkseokj dks Bhd nl cts os jk"Vªifr Hkou tkrs rFkk jk"Vªifr dks jk"Vªh; varjkZ"Vªh; ?kVukvksa ds lanHkZ esa Hkkjr dh Hkwfedk dh tkudkjh nsrsA vU; egRoiw.kZ çlaxksa dh Hkh ppkZ gksrhA dbZ ckj tokgjyky th ds fopkj Li"V gksrs gq, Hkh os jk"Vªifr dh Hkkouk dk vknj djrs gq, mudh lykg ds vuqlkj dke djrs ;k dksbZ eè;e ekxZ fudkydj jk"Vªifr dks lger djk ysrsA

,d ?kVuk ,slh Hkh gqbZ ftlesa iafMrth us O;FkZ gh jktsUæ ckcw dks ihfM+r fd;kA jk"Vªifr in ls vodk'k ysrs le; jktsUæ ckcw us ;g vkxzg fd;k Fkk fd os ,d fQ;sV dkj [kjhnuk pkgrs gSaA bl xkM+h dks mRikn 'kqYd ls eqä dj fn;k tk,A dsUæh; 'kklu us mudk ;g vkxzg Lohdkj ugha fd;kA dqN fnuksa iwoZ eSaus v'kjh ,l-ds- ikfVy ds laLej.k i<+s FksA Jh ikfVy us viuh Mk;jh esa uksV fd;k Fkk fd jktsUæ ckcw dksbZ fons'kh dkj vk;kr djuk pkgrs FksA mUgksaus vk;krdj ls eqfä pkgh Fkh tks ugha nh x;hA ijUrq eq>s fQ;sV [kjhnus dh ?kVuk dk gh Lej.k vkrk gSA Jh ikfVy dh tks Mk;jh i=ksa esa çdkf'kr dh x;h gS og vfèk-r ugha gSA tks Hkh ckr gks] vkxzg cgqr NksVk FkkA tkus D;ksa usg:th us mls Lohdkj ugha fd;kA

vkfne tkfr dY;k.k foHkkx jk"Vªifr dh fo'ks"k ftEesnkjh ekuk x;k gSA jk"Vªifr mu fnuksa mlds rFkklsuk ds çHkkjh gqvk djrs FksA vc og lokZsPp lsukifr gSa] vkfne tkfr dY;k.k dh ns[kjs[k dsUæh; ea=ky; djrk gSA blh flyflys esa jktsUæ ckcw us cLrj rFkk vafcdkiqj dh ;k=k dhA mUgksaus vkfnokfl;ksa ls ckr djuh pkgh ijUrq mudh ckr vkfnokfl;ksa ds iYys ugha iM+hA jk"Vªifr muds psgjs ds gkoHkko ls le> x,A mUgksaus vkfnokfl;ksa ls Hkkstiqjh esa ckr djuk 'kq: fd;k rks muds psgjs f[ky mBsA fQj rks ckrksa dk vknku& çnku cgqr le; rd gksrk jgkA tulHkk,a Hkh mUgksaus Hkkstiqjh esa gh lacksfèkr dhaA vafcdkiqj esa rks muds Hkk"k.k dk mÙkj Hkh vkfnokfl;ksa us Hkkstiqjh ls feyrh&tqyrh cksyh esa fn;kA vafcdkiqj dh ,d jkspd ?kVuk eq>s ;kn vk jgh gSA

jk"Vªifr dh ;k=k esa eè;çns'k ds dqN i=dkjksa dks Hkh ys tk;k x;k FkkA eSa Hkh bl ny esa 'kkfey FkkA tc jk"Vªifr dk ok;q;ku vafcdkiqj dh iêh ij mrjk rks Lokxr esa ge yksx Hkh is'k fd, x,A tc i=dkjksa dk ifjp; djk;k x;k rks jktsUæ ckcw dks dqN vk'p;Z gqvkA mUgksaus iwN gh fy;k fd D;k vkt i=dkj Hkh ;wfuQkeZ esa yk, x, gSaA

gqvk ;g fd jk;x<+ ls ge yksx dkjksa esa vafcdkiqj ys tk, x,A lHkh i=dkjksa dk lkeku cl esa ynokdj mls igys jokuk dj fn;k x;kAdqN iqfyl okyksa us iRFky xkao esa cl jksd dj tcfj;k ;k=k djuh pkghA çdk'ku foHkkx ds vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk euk djus ij cl dks Fkkus esa [kM+k djok fn;k x;kA bl ?kVuk ls cs[kcj ge yksx vafcdkiqj igqapdj lkeku dh çrh{kk djrs jgsA ;gka jk"Vªifr ds vkus dk le; vkSj ogka lkeku unkjrA diM+sdgka ls vk,aA jkLrk ;g fudkyk x;k fd tks diM+s dy vkfnokfl;ksa dks fn;s tkus gSa] os vkt i=dkjksa ds dke vk tk;saA lks ge lc yksx gkQ 'kVZ vkSj èkksrh esa gh jk"Vªifr ds lkeus is'k gksus dks foo'k FksA dsoy lwpuk & çdk'ku lapkyd Lo- Jh bZÜojh flag ifjokg us viokn Lo:i Jh jktu ls ,d lwV mèkkj ys fy;k FkkA

tc jktsUæ ckcw dks ;g ?kVuk lqukbZ xbZ rks os Hkh Bgkdk ekjdj galsA

M‚- jktsUæ çlkn dh çfrHkk cgqeq[kh FkhA os fgUnh rFkk vaxszth esa leku :i ls lkfèkdkj fy[k ldrs FksA mudh vkRedFkk fgUnh esa çdkf'kr gqbZ vkSj ikfdLrku ij ^bafM;k fMokbMsM^ vaxzsth esaA os fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu ç;kx ds vè;{k Hkh fuokZfpr gq,A mudk dk;Zdky vkt Hkh lknj ;kn fd;k tkrk gSA vga rks dHkh mlds ikl QVd gh ugha ldkA ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy dks os ges'kk 'iwT;Ó ls lacksfèkr djrs FksA mudh cM+h foèkok cfgu Hkh ifjokj ds lkFk jgk djrh FkhaA jk"Vªifr Hkou esa HkhA os jktsUæ ckcw dks 'ccqvkÓ uke ls gh iqdkjrh jghaA jktsUæ ckcw us dHkh mudh ckr ugha VkyhA jktsUæ ckcw ds thoudky esa muds iq=ksa esa ls dksbZ jktuhfr esa ugha vk;kA dsoy cM+s iq= ckcw e`R;qat;çlkn yksdlHkk rFkk fcgkj foèkkulHkk esa x;sA og Hkh firk ds jk"Vªifrin ls gVus ds cknA

jktsUæ ckcw jkepfjr ekul ds jfld çseh FksA tc Hkh os ipe<+h vkrs M‚- cynso çlkn feJ t:j cqyk;s tkrsA lIrkg Hkj mudk jkek;.k çopu gksrkA feJth ds çopu esa lkfgfR;d rFkk èkkfeZd iqV gksrkA ekfeZd çlaxksa ij jktsUn ckcw dks vkalw iksaNrs ns[kk tk ldrk FkkA

ekU;rk gS] fd ns'kdky dks tc egkiq:"kksa dh t:jr gksrh gS] rks os i`Foh ij cM+h la[;k esa vorfjr gksrs gSaA xqykeh ds le; esa ;g dgkor 'kk;n lp gh mrjhA jktsUæ ckcw ml ih<+h ds ,d ;'kLoh egkekuo ds :i esa ;kn fd, tkrs jgsaxsA