fiNys rhu& pkj o"kksZa esa flrEcj ds çFke lIrkg esa ,d iksLVdkMZ feyk djrk FkkA rhu& pkj iafä;ksa dh lkèkkj.k lh bckjr& ^eSa veqd o"kZ esa ços'k dj jgk gwaA vkidh 'kqHkdkeukvksa dk vkdka{kh gwaA^

eq>s vk'p;Z gksrk Fkk vkSj dHkh& dHkh [kht Hkh] eq>ls 22 o"kZ vk;q o`) dksbZ O;fdr viuh 84] 85] 86 ;k fd 87 o"kZ xzafFk ij 'kqHkdkeuk,a D;ksa ekax jgk gSA fQj Hkh mÙkj rks nsrk gh Fkk& ^;g tkudj çlUurk gS] fd vki vius thou ds ---¼veqd½ o"kZ esa ços'k dj jgs gSaA vkidh deZBrk vkSj ftthfo"kk ls rqyuk dj gesa viuh vdeZ.;rk ij yTtk vkrh gSA ijekRek vkidks 'krk;q djsa vkSj gekjh ih<+h dks vkidk ekxZn'kZu çkIr gksrk jgsA^

Hkfo"; esa u rks ;g iksLVdkMZ vk,xk vkSj u ;s 'kqHkdkeuk,a Hksth tk,axhA vc bu cqtqxZ dk fuèku gks x;k gSA rc og i=kpkj ,d vkMEcjiw.kZ vkSipkfjdrk eglwl gksrh Fkh] ;g Hkh fd 'kk;n yksds"k.kk dk gh ,d vax gS] vc lksprk gwa] fd 'kk;n og thou dk lR; FkkA dHkh& dHkh dksbZ vHkko Hkh ;g vuqHkwfr djk nsrk gSA

;g iksLVdkMZ Hkstus okys C;kSgkj jktsUæ flag vc ugha jgs rks yxrk gS fd vius ls de vk;q ds yksxksa dks ;g eku nsus okyk vc dkSu gS\ lkekU;r: rks ;gh gksrk gS fd vk;qc) lTtuksa dks tUexzafFk ds volj ij gj ç.kke fuosnu djus dh ijaijk fuckgrs gSaA

C;kSgkjth dk uke ;ksa cgqr lqu j[kk FkkA ckn esa rks muds dk;Z{ks= ls cgqr ifjp; gqvk] ijUrq 1929 esa mUgsa ,d ;qok lkoZtfud dk;ZdrkZ ds :i esa igyh ckj ns[kkA 6 o"kZ dh vk;q esa rc D;k le>rk fd ;g lc D;k gks jgk gS] rek'kchuksa esa vius firkth ds lkFk eSa Hkh mifLFkr FkkA ml fnu dh ?kVuk,a esjs eu ij vfeV :i ls vafdr gks x;h gSaA ,d rks C;kSgkjth ds ikfjokfjd jkèkk-".k eafnj esa vNwrksa dk ços'kA dqN ;kn ugha dkSu& dkSu usrk vk, FksA le> vkus ij ekywe gqvk fd Lo- Jh teukyky ctkt] ckcw xksfoUn nkl th rFkk Lo- Jh ?ku';kenkl fcM+yk dh mifLFkfr esa xkaèkhth ds vNwrksa }kjk eafnj ços'k dh J`a[kyk esa C;kSgkjth us ;g vk;kstu fd;k Fkk vkSj nwljh ;g fd tc eafnj ços'k rFkk çlkn forj.k ds ckn HkhM+ NaV x;h rks iqtkfj;ksa us lkjs eafnj dks xaxkty fefJr lkèkkj.k ty ls èkks;k& iksaNkA iqtkjh Hkh dqM+eqM+k jgs Fks fd 'lkjk ifjlj Hkz"V dj fn;kA tkus xkaèkh us D;k eksguh pyh fd gekjs ckcw ¼C;kSgkj th½ cgd x,AÓ rc lpeqp esjs fy, ;g ,d rek'kk gh Fkk] dkSu le> Fkh gekjs lkekftd thou ds bl foæwi dhA

C;kSgkjth ls vly ifjp; gqvk 1946 ds vkliklA os laHkor% ekyxqtkj fuokZpu {ks= ls rRdkyhu eè;çns'k èkkjklHkk esa dkaxzsl fVfdV ls fuokZfpr gksdj vk, FksA ekyxqtkjh dkULVhVîw,Ulh ls fuokZfpr gksus dk lhèkk vk'k; gS fd os ,d laiUu tehankj ifjokj ds oa'kt FksA dgk tkrk gS fd mudk tehankjh lkezkT; 84 xkaoksa esa QSyk gqvk FkkA lkQ gS] fd ;g fojklr muds iwoZtksa dks 1857 ds Lora=rk laxzke ds f[kykQ vaxzsth enn djus ds dkj.k feyh gksxhA 84 xkao dh la[;k esa D;k rqd Fkk] ;g rks eSa Hkh ugha tkurk] ysfdu cpiu esa lqu j[kk Fkk] fd fof'k"V -ikik=ksa ds fy, ;gh ekunaM fuèkkZfjr dj fn;k Fkk vaxzst ljdkj usA

1946 esa C;kSgkjth rhljh ckj foèkk;d gq, FksA muls foèkk;d foJkex`g esa dHkh HksaV gks tkrh vkSj dHkh fdlh lkfgfR;d lekjksg esaA tc 1950 esa tcyiqj igqapk rc muls dqN fudVrk gqbZA C;kSgkjth ds cgqvk;keh O;fäRo ls thou dk 'kk;n gh dksbZ çlax vNwrk jgk gksA lkfgR;] n'kZu&èkeZ] jktuhfr] vLi`';rk fuokj.k] Hkwnku] lokZsn;&C;kSgkjth dk lHkh foèkkvksa esa n[ky FkkA ;ksa muls yach ppkZ 'kk;n gh dHkh gqbZ gS fdUrq laf{kIr okrkZ çlax esa muds thou ds vusd i{k çdV gks tkrs FksA

Jherh ,uhcslsaV ds czEgkfo|k çokg ls çHkkfor gksdj os vMîkj x, rks 'kq) Hkfä ijEijk mudks o`ankou ds mfM;+k ckck vkJe esa Lokeh v[k.Mkuan ds fudV ys vk;hA jke-".k& foosdkuan ds çHkko esa mUgksaus jke-".k vkJe ds Hkh vuqHko fy, vkSj egf"kZ vjfoan dk vkd"kZ.k mUgsa ikaMqpsjh ys x;k] rks xq#nso dk 'kkafr fudsruA

lkfgR; txr esa #fp cM+h rks dk'kh ukxjh çpkfj.kh lHkk rFkk fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu ç;kx ls tqM+ x, FksA eè;çns'k fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu ds nks ckj vè;{k fuokZfpr gq, rFkk vusd o"kksZa rd fdlh u fdlh in ij Hkh jgsA yxHkx 25 -fr;ka çHkkfor gks pqdh gSa vkSj blls pkSxquh vçdkf'kr iM+h gSaA

;g ;k=k py gh jgh Fkh fd fouksckth ds çHkko esa vkdj lokZsn; rFkk Hkwnku vkanksyu esa vk x;sA lkjs eè;çns'k esa iSny ?kwe&?kwedj Hkwnku ;K esa tqVs jgsA

jktuhfr ls rks oa'k ijaijk dk lacaèk jgkA firk C;kSgkj Jh j?kqohj flag Hkh jktuhfr esa FksA dkaxzsl esa ujenyh; xqV ds lkFk 'kk;n egkeuk enueksgu ekyoh; okys ny esaA ijUrq iq= jktsUæ flag xkaèkhth ds vkanksyu esa lR;kxzgh gks x,A

eSaus dbZ ckj vuqHko fd;k fd tc Hkh muls ppkZ gqbZ muds ;s lkjs i{k xì&eì gks tkrs FksA fdlh çlax esa jktuhfr dh ppkZ gks vkSj os vjfoan ds mnkgj.k nsrs gq, vè;kRe ij vk tk,a rks ewy fo"k; ij ykSVus esa dkQh le; yx tkrk FkkA bldk ;g Hkh eryc ugha fd os Hkzfer ¼dU;wTM½ FksA ugha] fcYdqy ughaA 'kk;n mudk O;kid laidZ vkSj vè;;u'khyrk] fo"k; çfriknu ds fy, xgjkbZ esa ?klhV ys tkrh FkhaA ,d ckj eSaus ;ksa gh dg fn;k&

^C;kSgkjth] ;fn vkius bruh lkjh xfrfofèk;ka u ysdj dsoy ,d dks gh viuk;k gksrk rks ml foèkk esa vki iw.kZrk çkIr dj ldrs FksA^

^viuh ckr Li"V dhft,A^

^esjk vk'k; ;g gS fd ;fn vki flQZ jktuhfr esa jgrs rks 'kk;n lokZsPp LFkku ij igqap ldrs FksA dsoy lkfgR; ls gh vkidk jkx gksrk rks ns'k ds ewèkZU; jpukdkjksa esa ,d vki gksrsA ;fn vè;kRe gh viuk fy;k gksrk rks jktf"kZ u lgh] dksbZ Lokeh gh gks x;s gksrsA^ os eqLdjk;sA

^ek;kjketh] ;g ,d i{k gqvkA gks ldrk gS fd tks dqN vki dg jgs gksa] ogh Bhd gksA ysfdu D;k vki ;g ugha lksprs fd thou ds gj igyw dk vè;;u djuk Hkh ifjiw.kZrk çkIr djuk gSA^
^;s VqdM+s& VqdM+s èkwi dks vki iwjk lw;Z dSls eku jgs gSa\^

^nsf[k;s] eSa iqutZUe esa foÜokl djrk gwaA ysfdu ;g rks t:jh ugha fd vxys tUe esa Hkh euq"; ;ksfu gh feysA vHkh ;g thou feyk gS rks mlds lkjs i{kksa dks vkRelkr djds gh iw.kZrk dk vuqHko D;ksa u fd;k tk,A^

jktuhfr ds lanHkZ esa mBh ckrphr vè;kRe ij vkdj fVd x;hA ;ksa eq>s n'kZu vkSj vè;kRe dk vfèkdkfjd Kku ugha fdUrq cgl c<+kus dh -f"V ls eSaus iwNk&

^;g Hkh rks gks ldrk gS fd fdlh ,d dk vkJ; ysus ls eks{k gh çkIr gks tk,] iqutZUe dk c[ksM+k gh u mBsA fQj vius ;gka ;g Hkh rks dgk x;k gS fd ',d lkèks lc lèks] lc lkèks lc tk,A^
^esjh ekU;rk ;g ugha gSA vc xkaèkhth dks gh nsf[k;s] mudk dk;Z{ks= fdruk O;kid vkSj cgqeq[kh gSA^

^gka ;g rks Bhd gS] ijUrq Lora=rk mudk igyk y{; gSA 'ks"k ço`fÙk;ka mldh lgk;d gksdj py jgh gSaA^

^esjk çFke y{; Hkh oSlk gh gSA^

cgl dks foLrkj nsus dk esjk dksbZ bjknk ugha Fkk vkSj u mruh {kerkA eSaus ;g tkuus dh dksf'k'k Hkh ugha dh fd] ^mudk çFke y{; Hkh oSlk gh gS^ ls mudk D;k rkRi;Z gSA

C;kSgkj th vius thou& y{; dks fuèkkZfjr dj pqds Fks vkSj mudh ftl vk;q ¼yxHkx 65 o"kZ½ esa ;g ppkZ pyh rc y{;ksa ds iquZfuèkkZj.k dh dYiuk gh fQtwy FkhA bruk t:j gS] fd tc dHkh eè;çns'k esa Lokèkhurk vkanksyu] lkfgR;] Hkwnku] lgdkfjrk vkfn dk lexz bfrgkl fy[kk tk,xk] C;kSgkj th gj txg ekStwn gksaxsA mudh Hkkxhnkjh dk ftØ fd, fcuk ;g bfrgkl vèkwjk jgsxkA

fQj Hkh esjh ekU;rk gS] fd lkfgR; gh C;kSgkj th dk çcy i{k jgk gSA lokZsn; dk vFkZ'kkL= gks ;k lkfgR; esa vkykspuk dk fl)kUr] xzke&lqèkkj dh ckr djsa ;k ns'k ds thou ls vfody :i ls tqM+h gqbZ jkedFkk] jktuhfr gks ;k jktra= esa -".k pfj=] C;kSgkjth dh jpuk'khy ço`fÙk;ksa dk fodkl ;gha vfèkd gqvk gSA lkfgR; dk 'kk;n gh dksbZ vax muds vè;;u ls NwVk gksA mUgksaus jfo ckcw dh caxkyh jpukvksa dk Hkh fgUnh vuqokn fd;k vkSj egf"kZ vjfoan ds lokZfèkd fDy"V xzaFk lkfo=h dk HkhA

C;kSgkj th ,d ljy ço`fÙk ds O;fä FksA ,sls Hkh çlax vk, fd eSaus mu ij rh[ks O;aX; fd,A ijUrq Øksèk djus dh ctk, os eqLdjkdj 'kkar jg x,A ,d vfr laiUu ifjokj esa tUes C;kSgkj th dks lHkh lq[k lqfoèkk,a miyCèk Fkha fdUrq mUgsa viuh laiUurk dk vga ugha vk;kA mudk thou Hkh cgqr lknk FkkA oSlk gh ifgukokA ysfdu os viuh èkqu ds iDds O;fä FksA vNwrksa ds fy, eafnj ds }kj [kksyus esa ;fn mUgsa ikfjokfjd dyg dk lkeuk Hkh djuk iM+k] rc Hkh vius fl)kar ls fopfyr ugha gq,A

;g Hkh ugha fd C;kSgkj esa xq.k gh xq.k FksA nks"k Hkh FksA cfYd ;g dg yhft, fd og tehnkjkuka nks"k FksA muds dykorh çse çlax us muds jktuSfrd thou dh vkgqfr ys yhA bl çlax dks ysdj os eq>ls {kqCèk Hkh jgsA ika<q.kkZ dh ,d dykorh baxys tcyiqj ds ikl xkslyiqj esa nkbZ ;k ,sls gh fdlh in ij dk;Z djrh FkhA C;kSgkj th ls mls ,d iq= gqvkA ;ksa fdlh fookfgr efgyk ds thou esa ;g çlax vk;k gksrk] fdUrq ml efgyk us C;kSgkj th ds çse i=ksa ds çek.k is'k dj U;k;ky; esa lEiks"k.k dk nkok Bksd fn;kA nks&<kbZ gtkj ds ysu&nsu ls ekeyk jQk& nQk gks tkrk fdUrq jktuSfrd foif{k;ksa us ekeys dks bruk rwy fn;k fd C;kSgkj th dks #i, 12]500-00 nsus iM+sA os pkgrs rks bl efgyk dks viuh n[kjh esa dgha iVd nsrs vkSj mlds Hkj.k& iks"k.k dh ftEesnkjh ysdj eqä gks tkrsA ijUrq ckr bruh c<+ x;h fd ;g laHko ugha jgkA

eq>s ml efgyk dh <hBrk Hkh ;kn jgh gSA og eqdn~es ds flyflys esa gekjs ,d fe= ifjokj esa Bgjh gqbZ FkhA fe= us mlls ifjp; djk;k rks eq>s mldh eqæk ls dgha ,slk ugha yxk fd mlesa dksbZ 'khy ckdh jg x;k gSA mldk ;g 4&5 o"kZ dk csVk ,d feêh dk NksVk lk ik= flj ij j[kdj 'ngh yks] ngh yksÓ dk [ksy dj jgk Fkk rks og xqjkZdj cksyh] ^tehankj dk csVk gksdj ngh csp jgk gSA^

C;kSgkjth ds thou esa ;g nkx bl rjg fpidk fd 1952 esa mUgsa foèkkulHkk dk fVfdV ugha fn;k x;kA le; lcls cM+h fpfdRlk Hkh gks tkrk gSA C;kSgkj th us bl ?kVuk dks dkykUrj esa lgt :i ns fn;kA ;gka rd fd tc os gekjs ;gka ¼1955½ esa clUrksRlo esa vk, tgka vusd lkfgfR;d& jktuSfrd O;fä;ksa ij mUgksaus Lojfpr O;aX; nksgs lquk, rks Lo;a ij Hkh ,d nksgk lquk fn;kA eq>s og iwjk nksgk rks ;kn ugha jgk iUrq mldk pkSFkk pj.k ^dykoUr C;kSgkj^ vHkh ;kn gSA

C;kSgkjth dk nwljk nks"k ;g Hkh Fkk fd os u [kqn ij [kpZ dj ldrs Fks vkSj u nwljksa ijA bls u rks fdQk;rlkjh dgk tk ldrk gS vkSj u -i.krk os iqLrdksa ij dkQh [kpZ fd;k djrs FksA mudk iqLrdky; fiNys 100 o"kksZa dk jktuSfrd] lkfgfR;d] vkè;kfRed bfrgkl Nqik, cSBk gSA ysfdu iqLrdsa cgqr csrjrhc j[kh gqbZ gSaA ,d ckj eSaus muls vkxzg fd;k Fkk fd os viuk iqLrdky; e-ç- fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu dks nku dj nsaA mudh 'krZ Fkh fd iqLrdky; tcyiqj esa gh LFkkfir fd;k tk,A bl iqLrdky; dk ukedj.k muds uke ij djus dks çLrqr Fks] ijUrq jgrk og lEesyu ds e[;ky; esa ghA ;g mUgsa eatwj ugha gqvkA

eSaus nwljk lq>ko fn;k fd ;fn iqLrdky; tcyiqj esa jgus dh 'krZ gh vfuok;Z gS rks foÜofo|ky; dks ns nhft,A mUgsa og Hkh ugha lqgk;kA eSaus ns[kk gS fd vusd iqLrdsa nhed pkV x;ha] cgqrsjh èkwy dh eksVh ijr esa nch gqbZ gSaA 'kk;n ;g mudk eksg Fkk tks mUgsa iqLrdksa ls foyx gksus ls jksdrk jgkA

mudh Mk;fj;ka Hkh eSaus ns[kh gSaA os dgrs Fks fd 14 o"kZ dh vYik;q ls gh mUgksaus nSufUnuh fy[kuk 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA igys jkstkuk 2&4 iafä;kaA fQj vuqHko vkSj le; ds lkFk 6&8 i`"B rdA bu Mk;fj;ksa esa muds laidZ esa jgs egkiq#"kksa ls gqbZ ppkZ dk foLr`r o.kZu gSA vusd fo"k;ksa ij gqbZ thoUr cgl] 'kadk,a vkSj lekèkkuA muesa xkaèkhth] xq#nso Bkdqj] egf"kZ vjfoan] fouksck] Lokeh v[k.Mkuan 'kkfey gSa vkSj os NksVs& NksVs yksx Hkh ftudk muls nSfud okLrk iM+rk FkkA

bruk le`) iqLrdky; vkSj ;s Mk;fj;ka] tkus D;k gJ gksxk mudk vcA eq>s ;g Hkh mRlqdrk gS] fd vc ml LFky ij tkus fn;k tyk;k tkrk gksxk ;k ugha tgka xkaèkhth dh çkFkZuk gksrh Fkh] lqcg& 'kkeA gfjtu vkanksyu ds flyflys esa xkaèkhth 1933 esa tcyiqj vk, FksA os C;kSgkjth ds vfrfFk FksA ;g C;kSgkj th dh J)k Fkh fd xkaèkhth ds çLFkku ds ckn ml lHkkLFky ij jkst lkaè; nhi dh T;ksfr bl ?kVuk dk Lej.k djkrh jgrh FkhA

C;kSgkj th bl o`)koLFkk esa Hkh fdlh lkoZtfud lekjksg esa vuqifLFkr ugha jgrs FksA lkfgfR;d dk;ZØe gks vFkok fdlh iwoZ ifjfpr jktuSfrd fe= dh lHkkA ifjokj foxzg ds dkj.k vc lkèku ugha jgs rks os ;k rks vius dfu"B iq= dh jke euksgj flUgk dh xkM+h esa vk tkrs ;k fdlh dh LdwVj ij Mcy lokjhA os bu lekjkgksa esa viuh mifLFkfr dks fe=feyu Hkh dgk djrsA tc rd 'kfä jgh lEesyu ds dk;ksZa esa Hkh lg;ksx djrs jgsA vius lkfgR;& eaf=Ro dky ¼;k fd egklfpo½ esa mUgksaus eè;çns'k ds dfo;ksa dk ,d çfrfufèk ladyu u{k= çdkf'kr fd;k FkkA mudh bPNk Fkh fd blh çdkj dk ,d x| ladyu Hkh çdkf'kr fd;k tk,A ipe<+h ;k HksM+k?kkV esa 4&6 fnu dk lkfgR;kokl Hkh mudh viuh dYiuk FkhA

88 o"kZ dh iw.kkZ;q çkIr dj os pys x,A ysfdu eSaus 'kq: esa gh dgk u vc dkSu vk;qo`) uk;d ge tSls NksVs yksxksa ls tUefnu dh 'kqHkdkeuk,a eaxk,xkA