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29.03.1923
- 31.12.1994 | | |
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?kVuk
'kk;n 1947&48 dh gSA uo&Hkkjr ukxiqj
ds c<+rs çlkj dks laHkkyus ds
fy, gesa ,d ySV csM jksVjh e'khu vk;kr djuh
FkhA ns'k u;k& u;k vktkn gqvk FkkA bEiksVZ
yk;lsal ds fy, rc <sj lkjh vkSipkfjdrk
iwjh ugha djuh gksrh FkhA fQj Hkh vkosnu
rks djuk gh gksrk FkkA vkSj mlds ckn Hkh
bEiksVZ ykblsal tYnh fey tk, blfy, fnYyh
vkuk tkuk Hkh cgqr gksrk FkkA mu fnuksa
u rks bruh yach xkfM;+ka gksrh Fkha vkSj
u bruh lokfj;kaA Åaps ntZs esa rks
vkSj Hkh de yksx lQj djrs FksA ,slh gh fdlh
;k=k esa eSa fnYyh ls ukxiqj ykSV jgk Fkk
fd pkj cFkZ okys ml dEikVZesaV esa ,d vkSj
lg;k=h us ços'k fd;kA ;k=k ds nkSjku]
eaS vtuch lg;kf=;ksa ls ckr djuk vDlj Vky
tkrk gwaA fdlh ladksp ds dkj.k ugha] oju~
blfy, fd i<u+s& fy[kus ds fy, blls
vfèkd fujkin nwljk volj ugha gksrkA
pkj cFkZ okys bl fMCcs esa ge nks gh ;k=h
la;ksx ;g fd nksuksa gh [kknhèkkjhA
ifjp; dh LokHkkfod mRdaBk gksrs gq, Hkh
eSa pqi gh jgkA lkeku ;FkkLFkku tek dj vkÜoLr
gqvk vkSj i<u+s ds fy, fdrkc mBk yhA
ysfdu lg;k=h ls ugha jgk x;kA mlus ,d ds
ckn ,d ç'uksa dh >M+h oxk nh&
^dgka rd tk jgs gks\^
^ukxiqjA^
^;g rks vPNh fdrkc i<+ jgs gSa vki D;k
djrs gSa\^
^v[kckj ds nrj esa dke djrk gwaA^
^ukxiqj esa gh\^
^thA^
eSa bu fujFkZd ç'uksa ls tSls Åcrk
tk jgk Fkk vkSj lg;k=h dqN bruk ckrwuh Fkk
fd pqi ugha cSB ldrk FkkA
^vjs HkkbZ] ,slh Hkh D;k [kkeks'khA dqN
[kqydj ckr dhft,A ukxiqj ls rks ^uo&Hkkjr^
Hkh fudyrk gSA gekjs fe= gh gSa mlds lapkyd
Jh jkexksiky ekgsÜojhA^
bruk ifjp; fey tkus ij eq>s LokHkkfod
gh lg;k=h ls ckr djus dh #fp iSnk gks xbZA
^th] eSa uo&Hkkjr esa gh dke djrk gwaA^
^vks gks] rc rks vki vius gh yksxksa esa
ls fudysA esjk uke lhrkjke tktw gSA dkULVhVqosUV
vlsEcyh dk esEcj gwaA Xokfy;j tk jgk gwaA
vkSj vki\^
^th] esjk uke ek;kjke lqjtu gSA eSa uo&Hkkjr
esa O;oLFkkid gwaA ,d bUiksVZ ykblsUl ds
flyflys esa fnYyh vk;k FkkA^
^rks fnYyh esa vki dgka #drs gSa\^
^lkekU;r% fQjkst'kkg jksM ij fcztykyth fc;k.kh
ds ;gkaA vc vkils ifjp; gks x;k gS rks ,d
txg vkSj gks x;h Bgjus dhA^
lhrkjke tktw ls ;g igyk ifjp; FkkA muds
fnYyh fuokl ij dHkh #dus dk volj rks ugh
vk;kA ijUrq tks ifjp; gqvk og çxk<+
fe=rk esa cny x;k vkSj muds vafre le; rd
oSlk gh cuk jgkA ;ksa gh dHkh&dHkkj
HksaV gksrh jghA M- dkVtw ds fy, mUgksaus
viuh lnL;rk ls R;kxi= Hkh ns fn;kA bl rjg
feyuk& tqyuk Hkh yxHkx can gks x;kA
fQj 1952 esa os eè;Hkkjr foèkkulHkk
ds lnL; pqus x, vkSj r[rey eaf=eaMy esa
'kkfey dj fy, x,A
1955 esa jkT; iquxZBu vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ
vk x;hA mlds vuqlkj tks u;k eè;çns'k
çLrkfor gq~vk mlesa eè;Hkkjr]
foUè; çns'k rFkk Hkksiky jkT;
'kkfey dj fy, x,A iqjkus çns'k ds
ejkBh Hkk"kh ftys cacbZ dks ns fx,
x, vkSj 'ks"k fgUnh Hkk"kh egkdks'ky
Hkh çLrkfor eè;çns'k
dk ,d ?kVd gks x;kA ,d i=dkj ds ukrs viuk
ifjp; {ks= c<+kus ds mís'; ls
eSa vçSy 1956 esa Xokfy;j x;k rkfd
eè;Hkkjr dh çeq[k jktuhfrd
gfLr;ksa ls HksaV gks ldsA 1 uoEcj 1956
dks u;k çns'k vfLrRo esa vk jgk FkkA
Xokfy;j ds Hkwxksy ls esjk cgqr vYi ifjp;
FkkA ogka igqapk Hkh rks yxHkx czEgk eqgwrZ
esaA blfy, xzk.M gksVy esa gh Bgj x;kA 8&9
cts ds yxHkx tktwth ds fuokl dk irk yxkdj
muds ;gka igqap x;kA muls vfèkd ifjfpr
dksbZ vkSj O;fä Xokfy;j esa Fkk Hkh
ugha esjs fy,A ;g Hkh ,d la;ksx Fkk fd os
nkSjs ij ugha FksA D;sa gh esjs vkus dh
lwpuk feyh] os Lo;a ckgj vk x;sA fQj iwNrkN
'kq:A 'lkeku dgka gS\Ó veqd dejs
esa igqapk nks]Ó vkfnA tc eSaus ;g
crk;k fd eSa xzk.M gksVy esa Bgjk gwa rks
muds rsoj gh cny x,A D;ksa] D;k ge lc yksx
ej x, Fks\Ó esjh bl nyhy dk mu ij
dksbZ vlj ugha gqvk fd Xokfy;j esjs fy,
,d vifjfpr 'kgj gSA fQj 4&5 cts lqcg
eSa dgk vkidk fuokl [kkstrk fQjrkA vkSj
;g Hkh fd 'vki nkSjs ij Hkh rks gks ldrs
FksÓ vkfnA QkSju xzk.M gksVy VsyhQksu
fd;k x;k fd veqd dejs dk lkeku muds fuokl
ij igqapk fn;k tk,A os rc dkelZ rFkk b.MLVªht
foHkkx ds ea=h FksA xzk.M gksVy muds foHkkx
ds varxZr gh vkrk FkkA vkns'k dk rRdky ikyu
gqvkA
blds ckn ckrphr dk flyflyk 'kq:A 'Xokfy;j
vkus dk D;k mís'; gS\Ó eSaus
crk;k fd ^tc 1 uoEcj ls ge yksxksa dk lkFk
gksuk gh gS rks D;ksa u vHkh ls ifjp; dh
dfM;+ka tksMu+k çkjaHk dj fn;k tk,A^
eSaus muls ;g Hkh vkxzg fd;k fd os dqN eaf=;ksa
vkSj çeq[k jktuhfrKksa ls eq>s
le; fnyok nsa rkfd eSa vfèkd ls vfèkd
yksxksa ls fey ldwaA
^gka gkaA og rks lc gks tk,xkA Hkkstu djds
eksrh egy pyrs gSa]- ogha lcls HksaV gks
tk,xhvkSj lkjk dke ,d fnu esa FkksM+s gh
gks tk,xkA vk, gSa rks ,d nks fnu #fd,A^
muls cgl djuk fQtwy FkkA Hkkstu djds ge
yksx lfpoky; vk x;sA ;g Hkh la;ksx Fkk fd
lfpoky; ¼eksrhegy½ igqaprs
gh eq>s ekywe gqvk fd vkt gh eaf=eaMy
ds foHkkxksa esa gsjQsj fd;k x;k gSA tktwth
ls okf.kT; rFkk m|ksx foHkkx nwljs fdUgha
ea=h ¼'kk;n Jh euksgj flag esgrk
dks ns fn;k x;k gS vkSj os yksd fuekZ.k
foHkkx ds çHkkjh cuk, x, gSaA eq>s
yxk fd vc vkt dksbZ dke ugha gks ldsxkA
iqjkus foHkkx ds vfèkdkjh muls fonk
ysus vk,axs vkSj u, foHkkx ds u;k Tokbu
djus ds fy,A lfpoky; igqaprs gh muds fy,
Qksu ij Qksu vkus yxsA m|ksx okf.kT; foHkkx
ds vfèkdkfj;ksa dks mUgksaus lg;ksx
ds fy, Qksu ij gh èkU;okn nsdj Nqêh
ik yh vkSj tc yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx ds lfpo
vkSj phQ bathfu;j us feyus dk le; pkgk rks
muls Hkh Qksu ls vfèkd laidZ ughaA
fdlh ea=h dk D;k ncnck gks ldrk gS] mldk
eSaus çR;{k vuqHko fd;kA eSaus eglwl
fd;k fd tSls ih-MCY;w-Mh- ds vfèkdkfj;ksa
ij vkrad dh dksbZ Nki cSB x;h gSA tktwth
us Qksu ij gh muls tks ckr dh mldh ;gka
ckuxh nsuk mfpr ekywe gksrk gSA
^osy] bV~l vky jkbVA vkbZ gso ,u bEiksVZsUV
xsLV VqMsA ,.M nsu nsvj bt uks uslsflVh
Vw dky vku ehA dsjh vku ;qvj tkCl çkijyhA
MksUV xsV Lds;MZ vQ ehA^ bQ ,ojhfFkax
xkst vkyjkbV] ;w uhM ukV fQ;jA ,.M nsu ;w
uks] n Vkbi vkQ ,MfefuLVªsVj vkb ,eA^
¼Bhd gSA vkt eSa ,d fof'k"V
vfrfFk ds lkFk O;Lr gwa vkSj fQj ,slh dksbZ
t:jr ugha gS fd vki eq>ls feysa ghA viuk
dke Bhd& Bhd dhft,A eq>ls Mjus dh
D;k t:jr gS\ vkSj vki Hkh tkurs gh gSa fd
eSa fdl rjg dk ç'kkld gwaA½
vius nl o"kksZa ds i=dkj thou esa vusd
eaf=;ksa ls esjk okLrk iM+k FkkA cgqrksa
ds fudV Hkh ekuk tkrk FkkA ia- }kjdk çlkn
feJ tSls jkSc nkc okys ç'kkld Hkh
eSaus ns[ks Fks vkSj fcztyky fc;k.kh tSls
e`nqHkk"kh HkhA ysfdu eSaus eglwl fd;k
fd tktwth dh dk;Z'kSyh bu lcls fHkUu gSA
;g ,d vyx fdLe dk gh pfj= gSA njvly] tktwth
ml fnu ,dkèk vfèkdkjh dks
NksM++dj fdlh ls Hkh ugha feysA lkjk fnu
mUgksaus eq>s lkFk j[kkA eq[;ea=h Jh
r[reyth ls rks HksaV djk;h gh] 'kke dk Hkkstu
Hkh muds gh ;gka fuf'pr jgkA eaf=eaMy ds
vU; lHkh lnL;ksa ls HksaV djk;hA dqN egRoiw.kZ
jktuhfrd O;fä;ksa ls Hkh eqykdkr ftuesa
eè;Hkkjr dkaxzsl desVh ds vè;{k
¼laHkor: Jh oSnsghpj.k ikjk'kj½
vkfn 'kkfey FksA 'kke dks eSaus uo&Hkkjr
ds lapkyd ekgsÜojhth ds lgikBh Jh jkefuokl
th ckaxM+ ls HksaV djuh pkgh rks ogka Hkh
os Lo;a lkFk gks fy,A xjt ;g fd mUgksaus
bruh vkReh;rk cjrh fd eSa ges'kk ds fy,
mudk ç'kald gks x;kA ,d fnu dh ctk,
eq>s nks fnu Xokfy;j #duk iM+kA eq[;ea=h
r[reyth ls ml 'kke tks okrkZ gqbZ] og esjh
Le`fr;ksa esa ,d èkjksgj cu x;hA
u, eè;çns'k dk xBu gksus ij
rks tktwth ls vkSj Hkh xgjs lacaèk
tqM+ x,A os Hkksiky esa jgrs rks eqykdkr
gksrh gh jgrh vSkj eSa ;fn dkj ls ukFk }kj
vkrk tkrk rks uhep esa ?kaVs nks ?kaVs #ds
fcuk vkxs ugha c<+ ldrk FkkA 1958 ds
flracj & vDVwcj esa jkeiqjk esa eè;çns'k
dkaxzsl dk jktuhfrd lEesyu gqvkA eSa rks
x;k gh esjs lkFk Lo- Jh dk'kh çlkn
ikaMs Hkh FksA ifj"kn lekIr gksus ij
ge yksx Hkksiky okil vkus yxs rks tktwth
dk Lo:i ns[kdj eSa lge x;kA ;g dSls gks
ldrk gS fd vki uhep vk, fcuk okil gks tk,a\
vkSj ikaMsth rks lkFk esa gh jgsaxs ghA
tSlk fd eSaus ifgys gh dgk] muls cgl djuk
fQtwy gksrk FkkA tks dgwa] ogh eku ysa blh
esa [kSj gSA xkM+h dk #[k Hkksiky dh ctk,
uhep dh vksj gks x;kA ogka tktwth dk 3&4
?kaVs dk vkfrF; xi'ki vkSj HkkstuA ceqf'dy
jkf= dks dksbZ 8&9 cts ogka ls jokuk
gks ldsA
fnlEcj 1958 esa uo&Hkkjr ls i`Fkd gksdj
eSaus jk;iqj ls ubZnqfu;k ¼vc ns'kcUèkq½
dk çdk'ku çkjaHk dj fn;k FkkA
dkykUrj esa tktwth Hkh lwpuk ,oa çdk'ku
foHkkx esa çHkkjh miea=h fu;qä
gks x, FksA mudk jk;iqj vkus dk dk;ZØe
Hkh cukA eSa muls feyus lfdZV gkml tk gh
jgk Fkk fd ns[krk gwa tktwth esjs nrj esa
gh vk x;s gSaA eSaus mykguk fn;k fd de ls
de lwpuk nsdj vkrs gSaA ?kj vkus ds fy,
Hkh D;k dksbZ [kcj djuh iM+rh gS\ nksigj
dk oä FkkA eSaus pkgk fd ?kj ij Qksu
dj nwa fd Hkkstu dh dqN fo'ks"k rS;kjh
gks tk,A mUgksaus og Hkh ugha djus fn;kA
^tks rS;kj gksxk] ogh Hkkstu djsaxsA eSa
D;k dksbZ esgeku gwaA blds vkxs dgk gh D;k
tk ldrk FkkA nks& rhu ?kaVs ?kj ij gh
xIisa vkSj foJkeA^
Hkksiky NwV tkus ds ckn cl ,sls gh {k.kksa
esa muls HksaV gks ikrh FkhA os pquko gkjrs
thrrs jgsA 1974 esa eSaus ns'kcUèkq
dk Hkksiky laLdj.k çdkf'kr djus dk
fu.kZ; fy;kA os Hkh rc rd ¼;k mlds
dqN le; vkxs ihNs½ eè;çns'k
jkT; ifjogu fuxe ds vè;{k fu;qä
dj fn, x, FksA grs esa nks pkj cSBdsa gks
tkuk vke fjokt gks x;kA vukSipkfjdrk bruh
fd ;fn os Hkkstu dj jgs gSa rks ogha cqyk
fy;k tkrkA dqN ugha rks ikiM+ gh lgh] ysuk
gh iM+rkA
bl rjg ds <sj lkjs laLej.k gksaxsA ckr
dqy bruh gS fd mudk O;fäRo vU; jktuhfrKksa
ls fcydqy fHkUu FkkA dksbZ dke djuk gS rks
vkuk&dkuh ugha vkSj ugha gks ldrk gS
rks vkÜoklu ughaA nks Vwd ckr djus
dh mudh vknr FkhA cgl djus ij mrk: gks tk,a
rks u flQZ viuh jk; ij tksj nsaxs oju~ brus
tksj& tksj ls cksysaxs fd lkeus okyk
[kqn gh ijkt; Lohdkj dj ysA mudk bruk yack
jktuhfrd thou jgk] ysfdu eq>s ;kn ugha
vkrk fd mu ij dgha dksbZ ykaNu yxk gksA
jkT; ifjogu ds ?kkVs rks tx tkfgj gSa ysfdu
vius mikè;{k Jh eksrhyky oksjk ds
lkFk mudh ,slh iVjh cSBh fd tSls lkjs vfèkdkj
oksjk th dks gh ns fn, gksaA nksuksa ds
chp ,slk rkyesy gqvk fd yksx pfdr jg x,A
fdlh dks foÜokl gh ugha gksrk Fkk fd
eqagQV tktwth vkSj lkSE; oksjkth ds chp
brus lg;ksx vkSj le> dk okrkoj.k cusxkA
'kk;n og igyk volj Fkk tc jkT; ifjogu esa
u flQZ dkQh lqèkkj gqvk] oju~ mlus
equkQk Hkh dek;kA
vafre ckj tc muls uhep esa HksaV gqbZ rc
os i{kk?kkr ls ihfM+r FksA ,sls ne[ke okys
O;fä dks v'kä ns[kdj eu nq[kh
gks x;kA ftl fnu muds fuèku dk lekpkj
i<+k ,slk yxk fd ?kj dk gh dksbZ O;fä
fcNqM+ x;kA lky nks lky esa vHkh Hkh uhep
ls xqtjrk gwa] ysfdu eglwl ;gh gksrk gS
fd tc tktwth ugha gSa rks esjs fy, rks 'kgj
gh futZu gks x;k gSA muds mB tkus ls bZekunkj
vkSj fu"Bkoku jktuhfrKksa dh J`a[kyk
dh ,d dM+h vkSj fc[kj x;hA mez esa eq>ls
ikap& lkr lky cM+s gh gksaxsA ysfdu
vuqHko ;gh gksrk gS fd fe=eaMyh esa muds
tSlk ftUnk fny nksLr vc gS gh dkSu\ mUgsa
viuh fouez J)katfyA
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