vaxszth 'kkludky esa tc fczfV'k Hkkjr esa vktknh dh yM+kbZ tkjh Fkh rc ns'kh fj;klrksa esa Hkh ,slh gh lqxcqxkgV 'kq: gks x;h FkhA ns'kh jtokM+ksa esa igys rks dkaxzsl ds uke ij dksbZ gypy gh çkjaHk ugh dh tk ldrh Fkh] ijarq /khjs&/khjs LVsV~l ihiqYl d‚UQsjsal tSlh laLFkk,¡ fØ;k'khy gks x;haA ia- tokgjyky usg:] 'ks[k vCnqYykg] t;ukjk;.k O;kl] ghjkyky 'kkL=h] M‚- iêkfHklhrkjkeS;k vkfn vusd dkaxzsltu LVsV~l ihiqYl d‚UQsjsal ds lkFk tqM+s jgsA ftu fj;klrksa esa ;g Hkh laHko ugh gqvk] og‚ fganw egklHkk ds uke ij xfrfof/k;‚ çkjaHk dj Nh x;hA iwoZ Xokfy;j rFkk Hkksiky fj;klrksa ds uke mnkgj.kLo:i fy;s tk ldrs gSA fdUgha&fdUgha ns'kh fj;klrksa esa 'kklu dks yksdrkaf=d :i nsus ds fy, dqN blh rjg ds eap rS;kj dj fy;s x;s FksA

fdarq 15 vxLr] 1947 ds fnu Hkkjrh; Lok/khurk ds lkFk gh ns'kh jtokM+ks us Hkh çtkrkaf=d eq[kkSVs p<+kuk 'kq: dj fn;kA jktkvksa dks ;g Hk; lrkus yxk fd vkxs&ihNs mUgs Hkh ns'k ds vU; jkT;ksa ds lkFk dne feykdj pyuk iM+sxkA oSls eSlwj mu fj;klrksa esa Fkk tgk¡ vusd tu&dY;k.kdkjh dke fd;s x;s FksA fctyh dk foLrkj] vkS|ksfxd fodkl] leqfpr ç'kklu&O;oLFkk] -f"k&mRFkku vkfn dk;ZØe rsth ls vkxs c<+k;s x;s FksA fdarq vf/kdka'k jkT; rkuk'kkgksa dh rjg gh pyk;s tkrs Fks A vLrqA

çtkrkaf=drk ds blh nkSj esa rRdkyhu Xokfy;j jkT; esa Hkh yksdfç; ljdkj dk xBu fd;k x;kA og Hkh ,d ,slk le; Fkk tc 'kklu esa u tkuk fu"Bkoku tulsok dk çrhd ekuk tkrk FkkA Xokfy;j ujs'k Lo- thokthjko flaf/k;k dks vius eaf=eaMy ds xBu esa Hkh dfBukbZ gqbZ FkhA vPNh iSzfDVl okys M‚DVj ;k odhy ea=h cuuk gh ugh pkgrs FksA ftu yksxksa us eaf=ifj"kn esa 'kkfey gksus ls bUdkj dj fn;k Fkk] mlesa r[reyth Hkh ,d FksA mudh vPNh&[kklh odkyr pyrh FkhA ceqf'dy os eaf=eaMy esa 'kkfey gksus dks lger fd;s tk lds FksA bl çdkj ds yksdfç; eaf=eaMy vusd jkT;ksa esa xfBr t:j gks x;s Fks fdUrq u;s Hkkjr ds fuekZrk ljnkj iVsy dh dYiuk dk Hkkjr rks dqN vkSj gh FkkA

ljnkj iVsy bu NksVs jtokM+ks dks cM+s jkT;ksa esa rCnhy djuk pkgrs FksA mudh bl dYiuk dks lkdkj djus esa Lo- Ogh-ih- esuu ds ;ksxnku dks Hkqyk;k ugh tk ldrkA blh flyflys esa e/;Hkkjr dk xBu gqvkA e/;Hkkjr dk yxHkx vk/kk fgLlk rks Xokfy;j jkT; gh Fkk] 'ks"k vk/ks esa bankSj] jryke] tkojk] nsokl lhfu;j] nsokl twfu;j] /kkj] >kcqvk] lhrkeÅ] jktx<+] ujflagx<+] f[kyphiqj] lksudPN] cM+okuh vkfn 15 fj;klrsa FkhA Xokfy;j cgqr lq'kkflr jkT; ugh ekuk tkrk Fkk rFkkfr bruh cM+h LVsV gksus ds ukrs Xokfy;j ujs'k Jh thokthjko flaf/k;k dks jktçeq[k rFkk bankSj ds Jh ;'koarjko gksYdj dks mijkT; çeq[k dk ntkZ fn;k x;kA Xokfy;j vkSj bankSj ihf<;ks ls ,d nwljs ds 'k=q jgs FksA fQj Hkh u;s jkT; esa nksuksa ds lek/kku ds fy, ljnkj iVsy us ;g fu.kZ; fy;k fd e/;Hkkjr dh jkt/kkuh vkB eghus Xokfy;j vkSj pkj eghus bankSj esa jgk djsxhA bankSj pkgrk Fkk fd mls cjkcjh dk gd feysA tc rd u;s e/;Hkkjr dh dksbZ LFkk;h jkt/kkuh fuf'pr ugha gks tkrh rc rd jkt/kkuh dk gd N: ekg ds fy, bankSj rFkk N: ekg ds fy, Xokfy;j dks fn;k tk;sA fnlacj] 1950 esa ljnkj iVsy dk fu/ku gks tkus ds ckn ;g çdj.k iafMr usg: dks lkSi fn;k x;kA os Hkh dksbZ larks"ktud gy ugh ns ldsA vkSj] muds QSlys ds vuqlkj jkt/kkuh lkr eghus Xokfy;j vkSj i‚p eghus bankSj dj nh x;hA ;g >xM+k rc lekIr gqvk tc 1956 esa iwjk gh e/;Hkkjr u;s e/;çns'k dk fgLlk cuk fn;k x;kA

Xokfy;j ujs'k thokthjko flaf/k;k futh Lrj ij ,d fueZe O;fä ekus tkrs FksA fdarq lkekftd -f"V ls os cgqr lqy>s gq, O;fä FksA Xokfy;j esa e/;Hkkjr ds mn~?kkVu ds volj ij vk;ksftr vkelHkk esa ljnkj iVsy] esuu vkfn rks mifLFkr Fks gh] egkjkuh fot;kjkts flaf/k;k Hkh 'kk;n igyh ckj ijns ls ckgj vkdj eap ij fojkteku FkhA ml le; vkelHkk dks lacksf/kr djrs gq, mUgksus ,d vPNh lw>cw> dk ifjp; fn;k FkkA mudk lacks/ku Fkk : ^vknj.kh; ljnkj lk-] Jherh flaf/k;k--* vkfnA ^egkjkuh* dks ek= ^Jherh* lacks/ku dj mUgksus Hkfo"; dks fdrus fudV ls igpkuk Fkk] ;g muds foosd dh ,d >yd çLrqr djrk gSA

;g rks e/;Hkkjr ds xBu dh FkksM+h Hkwfedk gqbZA ;g cgqr de ikBd tkurs gksxs fd r[reyth e/;Hkkjr ds igys eq[;ea=h ugha FksA os eaf=eaMy esa 'kkfey t:j fd;s x;s Fks ; ijarq igys eq[;ea=h Fks Jh yhyk/kjth tks'khA tks'khth T;knk fnu eq[;ea=h ugh jg ldsA mUgsa D;ksa gVuk iM+k] ;g eq>s Lej.k ugh gSA muds LFkku ij nwljs eq[;ea=h fuokZfpr gq, Jh xksih-".kth fot;oxhZ;A os Hkh cgqr fnu ugh py ik;sA lqçfl) dfo M‚- f'koeaxy flag lqeu ds bankSj ls mTtSu LFkkukarj.k ds dkj.k bankSj esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa us gM+rky dhA rksMQksM+ dhA gkbZdksVZ rd dks vkx yxk nhA QyLo:i iqfyl dks xksyh pykuh iM+hA ,d&nks Nk=ksa dh e`R;q gqbZ vkSj cgqr ls ?kk;y gq,A fot;oxhZ;th Xokfy;j fj;klr ds xquk uxj ds fuoklh vkSj xksyh pyh bankSj ds Nk=ksa ijA nksuksa fj;klrksa dh ijaijkxr nq'euh jax yk;hA xksih-".kth dks eq[;eaf=Ro ls R;kxi= ns nsuk iM+kA fQj Hkh eq[;ea=h bankSj ls ugh cukA tks u;k eq[;ea=h gqvk] og Hkh Xokfy;j fj;klr ds fofn'kk uxj lsA vkSj og Fks r[reyth tSuA

vxj esjh Lej.k'kfä /kks[kk ugh ns jgh rks ;gh lgh gS fd e/;Hkkjr dk xBu 31 ebZ] 1949 dks gqvkA vkSj dksbZ Ms<+ lky esa gh ogk¡ rhu eq[;ea=h cnys&cusA ijarq lcls nh?kZthoh eq[;ea=h r[reyth gh jgsA eSus fiNys i`"Bksa esa fy[kk gS fd uoHkkjr ds tcyiqj laLdj.k ds flyflys esa eq>s foa/;çns'k vkSj Hkksiky vDlj vkuk&tkuk iM+rk FkkA 1951] fnlacj esa gh Hkksiky ls uoHkkjr dk ,d feuh laLdj.k Hkh çkjaHk dj fn;k FkkA ijarq e/;Hkkjr dk nkSjk djus dk dksbZ çlax ugha vkrk FkkA blfy, Jh r[reyth ls ;gk¡&ogk¡ ,d&nks ckj HksaV gksus ds ckotwn dksbZ laidZ ugh cuk FkkA muls mYys[k djus ;ksX; laidZ rks jkT;&iquxZBu vk;ksx dh flQkfj'ksa vkus ds ckn gh gqvkA

b/kj nwljh vkSj tc u;s lafo/kku ds varxZr 1952 esa lkjs ns'k esa vke pquko gq, rks Jh r[reyth fofn'kk ls gh vius fojks/kh Jh fujatu oekZ ls pquko esa ijkftr gks x;sA oekZth ;ksa rks fganw egklHkkbZ Fks; fdarq ckn esa os uoxfBr tula?k esa 'kkfey gks x;s FksA r[reyth dh ijkt; ls igyh ckj bankSj dks eq[;ea=h&in feyus dk volj feyk tc Jh feJhykyth xaxoky eq[;ea=h&in feyus dk volj feyk tc Jh feJhykyth xaxoky eq[;ea=h fuokZfpr fd;s x;sA Jh fujatu oekZ çfri{k ds usrk fuokZfpr gq,A okLro esa mu fnuksa Xokfy;j dk jkt?kjkuk fganw egklHkk dk leFkZd gks x;k FkkA r[reyth dh gkj dk ;gh dkj.k FkkA bruk gh ugh] Xokfy;j yksdlHkk lhV ls fganw egklHkk ds fVdV ij e/;çkar ,oa cjkj ds iwoZ ç/kku ¼eq[;ea=h½ M‚- ,u- ch- [kjs Hkh fot;h gq, FksA Lo- dUgS;kykyth [kknhokyk us dHkh ckrphr ds nkSjku eq>s crk;k Fkk fd egkjktk thokthjko flaf/k;k viuk jkT; pys tkus ls dkaxzsl ls cgqr ukjkt FksA 1957 esa jkT;ksa dh iqujZpuk ds ckn jktçeq[k in lekIr gks ukts ls vkSj Hkh vf/kdk {kqC/k gks x;s FksA [kSj! ;g ,d vyx çlax gSA

feJhykyth xaxoky eq[;ea=h t:j gks x;s ysfdu iwjh Vhe rks r[reyth dh gh FkhA e/;Hkkjr fo/kkulHkk ds fuokZpu {ks=ksa ds vf/kdka'k mEehnokj r[reyth dh lykg ls gh r; fd;s x;s FksA ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd r[reyth ds leFkZd fo/kk;d pqi ugha cSBs jgsA os yxkrkj fnYyh rd nkSM+ yxkrs jgsA xaxoky ç'kklu dh f'kdk;rsa dkaxzsl gkbZdeku rd igq¡prh jghA feJhykyth xaxoky tSus lTtu O;fä cgqr de ns[kus esa vk;s gSA os vYif'kf{kr t:j Fks fdarq cgqr tkx:d ,oa foosd'khy Hkh FksA ;g ekywe gksrs gq, Hkh fd dkaxzsl gkbZdeku rd mudh f'kdk;rsa dh tk jgh gS] mUgksus dksbZ çfrjks/k ugh fd;kA ;ksa dkaxzsl gkbZdeku Hkh pkgrk Fkk fd e/;Hkkjr ds lE;d~ fodkl ds fy, r[reyth dks iqu: fo/kkulHkk esa igqWpuk pkfg,A blfy, mUgs fQj pquko yM+ok;k x;k fdarq nqHkkZX; fd os nksckjk pquko gkj x;sA

r[reyth ds leFkZdksa us bl gkj dk nks"kh eq[;ea=h Jh feJhykyth xaxoky rFkk muds ç'kklu dks Bgjk;kA ;g Hkh xqgkj yxk;h x;h fd feJhykyth dkaxzsl fo/kk;d ny esa vYier esa gSA blfy, ;k rks mUgsa R;kxi= ns nsuk pkfg, vFkok muds fo:) vfo'okl dk çLrko ykus dh btktr feyuh pkfg,A dkaxzsl gkbZdeku cgqr i'kksis'k esa iM+ x;kA mlus fo/kkulHkk l= ds nkSjku dkaxzsl ds egkea=h Jh e=kjk;.k vxzoky dks Xokfy;j Hkstk fd os vius <ax ls fLFkfr dk v/;;u dj fjiksVZ nsaA JheUth Lo;a dksbZ ladV iSnk ugh djuk pkgrs FksA blfy, mUgksus feJhykyth dks lykg nh fd mlh 'kke dks dkaxzsl fo/kk;d ny dh cSBd vkeaf=r dh tk;sA ,slk gh fd;k x;kA JheUth fo/kk;dksa ds vkjksi&çR;kjksi lqurs jgsA vkSj] vpkud ;g QSlyk ns fn;k fd fo/kk;d ny dh blh cSBde esa feJhykyth fo'okl vftZr djsaA ,slh gM+cM+h esa cqyk;h x;h bl cSBd esa xaxokyth ds çfr fo'okl dk çLrko j[kk x;kA lHkh fo/kk;d bl fu.kZ; ls HkkSpDds t:j gq,A fdarq tc erx.kuk gqbZ rks xaxokyth rhu erksa ls fo'okl vftZr djusa esa lQy jgsaA dkaxzsl gkbZdeku dks rnuqlkj fjiksVZ ns nh x;hA

blh chp eanlkSj ftys ls ,d fo/kkulHkk {ks= fjä gks x;kA tgk¡ rd eq>s [k;ky gS] r[reyth ds leFkZd fo/kk;d Jh ';ke lqanj ikVhnkj us R;kxi= ns fn;kA bl fjä {ks= ls Jh r[reyth dks mEehnokj cuk;k x;kA eq<s ;g Hkh Lej.k gS fd r[reyth ds i{k esa çpkj djus ds fy, ukxiqj ls 'kqDy&eaf=eaMy ds ,d lnL; Jh fcztyky fc;k.kh Hkh eanlkSj igq¡p x;s FksA bl ckj r[reyth fot;h gq,A

bruh vBkiVd ds ckn LokHkkfod Fkk fd fo/kk;d ny dh cSBd vkeaf=r dh tk;sA bl cSBd esa Jh feJhykyth xaxoky us vR;ar Hkjr&Hkko ls 'kkyhurkiwoZd R;kxi= ns fn;kA mUgksus dgk fd os rks ckcwth ¼r[reyth½ ds çfrfuf/k ds :i esa gh eq[;ea=h FksA vc os fuokZfpr gksdj vk x;s gS rks ^eS eq[;ea=h&in ls R;kxi= nsrs gq, mUgsa ny ds usrk fuokZfpr djus dk çLrko j[krk g¡wA* bl rjg r[reyth us iqu: e/;Hkkjr ds eq[;ea=h dk inHkkj xzg.k fd;kA

r[reyth cgqr xgjh lw>cw> okys O;fä FksA os ;fn fdlh flQkfj'k ij vey Hkh djuk pkgrs Fks rks lh/ks&lh/ks vkns'k u nsdj dqN ,slk okrkoj.k rS;kj djrs Fks fd fLFkfr;k¡ vius&vki ml flQkfj'k ds vuqdwy gks tk;saA mudh bl çfØ;k esa le; rks t:j yxrk Fkk ysfdu çR;{kr: mu ij dksbZ vk{ksi ugh yxk;k tk ldrk FkkA os ,d lQy odhy rks Fks gh] ç'kkld Hkh Å¡ps ntsZ ds FksA Xokfy;j&bankSj ?kjkuksa dh [khaprku ds ckotwn os nksuksa {ks=ksa esa leku :i ls yksdfç; FksA ;kstukxr fuekZ.k&dk;ksZ ds ckjs esa os Rofjr QSlyk ysrs FksA ,sls çlax de gh vk;s gksaxs tc os fdlh ncko ds vkxs >qds gksaA eaf=eaMy ds ckgj Hkh muds lykgdkjksa dh ,d dq'ky Vhe FkhA Xokfy;j ls fcM+yk m|ksx ds ,l [kkl LraHk Jh nqxkZçlkn eaMsfy;k] fHkaM ds Jh gfjfdlunkl Hkwrk] bankSj ds Jh ykHkpanth Ntykuh vkSj mudk l'kä xqV&dqN ,sls uke gS tks e/;Hkkjr dh jktuhfr esa vkt Hkh ;kn fd;s tkrs gSA

r[reyth ds eq[;eaf=Rodky esa esjh muls igyh HksaV] 1956 esa gh gqbZ FkhA rc rd u;s e/;çns'k ds xBu ds çLrko Lohdkj gks pqds FksA vkSj] tSlkfd eSus igys dgk gS] r[rey eaf=eaMy esa Jh Ogh- Ogh- æfoM+ dks NksMdj dksbZ Hkh ea=h u;s e/;çns'k esa foyhuhdj.k ds i{k esa ugh FkkA fo/kk;dksa ;k usrkvksa esa Hkh eq>s dsoy ,d gh uke dk Lej.k vkrk gS& og gS iwoZ eq[;ea=h Jh xksih-".kth fot;oxhZ; dk] tks bl çLrko dk [kqysvke leFkZu dj jgs FksA

r[reyth ds eaf=eaMy dh ,d fo'ks"krk dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k tkuk t:jh ekywe gksrk gSA tSu gksrs gq, Hkh mUgksaus vius uke ds lkFk ;g tkfr ;k /keZlwpd iqNYyk yxkuk NksM+ fn;k FkkA fQj Hkh muds eaf=eaMy ds X;kjg lnL;ksa esa ls lkr tSu FksA vkSj dksbZ xgjkbZ rd tkus okyk O;fä gh bl lpkbZ rd igq¡p ldrk FkkA

r[reyth ds vykok HkS;k ¼;kuh fd feJhykyth xaxoky] euksgjflagth esgrk] ';keykyth ikaMoh;] M‚- nsohflag] çseflag jkBkSj rFkk ,d vkSj lTtu ftudk uke bl le; eq>s ;kn ugh vkj jgk½ çR;{kr: tSu u fn[krs gq, Hkh bl /keZ ds vuq;k;h FksA ;fn jktLFkkfu;ksa dh -f"V ls fxurh yxk;h tk;s rks r[reyth rks gSa gh] xaxokyth] esgrkth] Jh lhrkjke tktw rFkk Jh xkSre 'kekZ&bl çdkj X;kjg esa ls ik¡p jktLFkkuh muds ea=heaMy esa FksA blds ckotwn r[reyth dk eaf=eaMy [kwc pyk vkSj iwjh {kerk ds lkFk pykA

tc u;s e/;çns'k dk xBu fuf'pr gh gks x;k rks eSa ebZ] 1956 esa Xokfy;j x;k rkfd ml {ks= ds jktuhfrd iafMrksa ls Hkh laidZ gks tk;sA e/;Hkkjr ds eq[;ea=h Jh r[reyth ls esjk ifjp; dsoy tku&igpku rd gh lhfer FkkA muds lg;ksxh Jh lhrkjke tktw ls t:j esjk xgjk ifjp; FkkA os lafo/kku lFkk ds lnL; Fks vkSj ,d&nks ckj dqN ,slk la;ksx jgk fd ;k=k ds nkSjku ge yksxksa dks ,d gh fMCcs esa vkj{k.k feykA os uoHkkjr rFkk ekgs'ojhth ds uke ls Hkh ifjfpr FksA 'kk;n mudh ekgs'ojhth ls igys Hkh HksaV gqbZ gksA bl ukrs mUgksaus bu ;k=kvksa esa vkReh;rk dk O;ogkj fd;kA vk;q esa Hkh os eq>ls ik¡p&lkr o"kZ cM+s gh FksA Xokfy;j igq¡pdj eSus xzkaM gksVy esa ,d dejk ys fy;kA ¼vkt xzkaM gksVy dh ml bekjr esa efgykvksa dk fQftdy Vszfuax bafLVVîwV gSA½ rS;kj gksdj eSa igys tktwth ds ;gk¡ gh igq¡pkA blfy, fd mud ek/;e ls esjk ifjp;&{ks= vf/kd çHkkoh vkSj O;kid gks tk;sxkA

tc eS ogk¡ igq¡pk rks NwVrs gh igyk vkns'k ;g fd veqd dejs esa esjk lkeku igq¡pk fn;k tk;sA eSus xzkaM gksVy es Bgjus dh ckr crk;h rks] tSlkfd mudk LoHkko Fkk] ç'u gqvk fd ^^D;k ge yksx ej x;s Fks\** eSus fuosnu fd;k fd eSa ik¡p cts lqcg gh rks Xokfy;j igq¡pk gw¡A u rks ;g irk Fkk fd vki ;gk¡ gS vkSj u ;g fd vkidk fuokl dgk¡ gSA os cgqr fcxM+rs jgs vkSj eSa pqipki mudh f>M+fd;k¡ lqurk jgkA var es xzkaM gksVy ds eSustj dks Qksu fd;k x;k fd veqd dejs dk lkeku rRdky muds fuokl ij Hkst fn;k tk;sA os m|ksx&okf.kT; ea=h FksA gksVy muds foHkkx ds varxZr vkrk FkkA muds vkns'k dk rRdky ikyu gqvkA

fQj mUgksaus esjs vkus dk mís'; iwNkA eSaus crk;k fd vc ge yksxksa dks lkFk gh rks jguk gSA lkspk fd e/;Hkkjr ds egÙkoiw.kZ fnXxtks ls Hkh fey yw¡A vkils csgrj ek/;e gks Hkh D;k ldrk Fkk] lks pyk vk;kA mUgsa vk'p;Z Hkh gqvk vkSj g"kZ Hkh fd fdlh i= ;k i=dkj dk bl rjg dk Hkh lksp gks ldrk gSA eSus muls ;g Hkh fusosnu fd;k fd os eaf=eaMy ds lnL;ksa ls rFkk vU; egRoiw.kZ O;fä;ksa ls eq>s le; fnyk nsa rks eS muls vkt gh feydj okil gks tkÅ¡A ysfdu muds vkxs fdlh dh pyrh ugha FkhA cksys] ^^igys Hkkstu djsaxs] fQj eksrhegy ¼lfpoky;½] ogha lcls HksaV gks tk;sxhA le;&oe; ysus dh dksbZ t:jr ugh gSA vkSj ;g lkjk dke ,d fnu esa ugh gks ldrkA vk;s gh gks rks gM+cM+h esa feyuk dSlk! vkjke ls ckr djuh pkfg,A** oSlk gh djuk iM+kA

eksrhegy igq¡pdj igys mUgksaus eq>s r[reyth ls gh feyok;kA muls vkSipkfjd ckr gqbZA fQj jkf= dk Hkkstu Hkh muds gh fuokl ij r; gqvkA blds ckn feys Jh ';keykyth ikaMoh; ls A ckr dqy ;g fd eaf=eaMy ds vk/ks ls vf/kd lnL;ksa ls HksaV gks x;hA fu/kkZfjr le; ij eS tktwth ds lkFk r[reyth ds ;gk¡ igq¡p x;kA Hkkstu ij dsoy ge rhu yksxA

r[reyth dks Hkh vk'p;Z gqvk fd eS flQZ esytksy ds fy, e/;Hkkjr dh jkt/kkuh igq¡pk gw¡A mUgksaus viuk vk'p;Z O;ä Hkh fd;kA ^^feyus&tqyus ds fygkt ls rks vki igys i=dkj gS u;s e/;çns'k esaA vf/kdka'k yksx rks foKkiuksa ds fy, gh vkrs gSaA** eSaus muls Hkh ogh ckr nksgjk;hA ^^tc gesa lkFk gh jguk gS rks igys ls gh ifjp; gks tkuk Bhd gSA** ckrsa vkSj Hkh gqbZA ;g Hkkstu nks ?kaVs ls Åij pykA dqN vkxzg] dqN euqgkj] dqN jktuhfrd ppkZA r[reyth tSls esgekuuokt estcku eSaus cgqr de ns[ks gSaA os vius vfrFk;ksa dk ftrus lEeku vkSj çse ls Lokxr djrs Fks] fojys gh yksx djrs gksaxsA dksbZ vkSipkfjdrk ugh] dksbZ cukoV ughaA tc rd esgeku dks ckj&ckj vius gkFk ls ijkslxkjh u dj ysa rc rd 'kk;n tSls mudk isV u HkjsA muds tSlk gh eq>s ,d vkSj uke ;kn vkrk gS& Lo- fcztyky fc;k.kh dkA ml fnu tks jktuhfrd ppkZ gqbZ] og egÙkoiw.kZ FkhA e/;Hkkjr ,d Lora= bdkbZ ds :i es j[kk tk ldrk gS] bl laca/k es Jh ekgs'ojhth ls mudh Qksu ij ckr gqbZ FkhA eSaus dgk fd eSa ml fnu ukxiqj esa gh FkkA ;g rF; muds lkeus vk tkus ij mUgksaus fny [kksydj ckr dhA mls yxHkx mUgh 'kCnksa esa nsuk T;knk Bhd gksxkA

^^lqjtuth] Xokfy;j&bankSj ds jkt?kjkuksa esa ihf<;ksa ls pyh vk jgh dVqrk dk gh ;g Qy ge yksxksa dks Hkqxruk iM+ jgk gS fd ;g {ks= u;s e/;çns'k esa 'kkfey dj fy;k x;kA**
^^ckcwth ¼r[reyth dks lkekU;r: ckcw r[rey ds uke ls gh lacksf/kr fd;k tkrk Fkk½] bl vugksuh dks vc Vkyk rks ugh tk ldrkA 'kkfey gksus okyh lHkh bdkb;ksa dks vc ikjLifjd lkSeuL; dk ekul cuk ysuk pkfg,A**

^^lks rks gS ghA fdarq vki ;g rks crkb,] blls e/;Hkkjr dks D;k ykHk gqvk\ e/;Hkkjr dh vkenuh ls egkdkS'ky vkSj foa/;çns'k tSls fiNM+s bykdksa dk fodkl fd;k tk;sxkA D;k blls bl {ks= ds fodkl dh xfr :d ugh tk;sxh\**



^^esjs [k;ky ls ;g lksp dqN vfrjaftr ekywe gksrk gSA egkdks'ky bruk fiNM+k gqvk {ks= ugha gSA gk¡] fo/;çns'k t:j fiNM+k gqvk gSA ysfdu tc Cykd Lrj ij fodkl gksuk gS rks Hkkxhnkjh rks {ks=ksa dh gksxhA** eS viuh ckr iwjh dj ikrk] mlds igys gh mUgksaus loky dj fn;k:
^^vki gh crkb,] egkdks'ky esa gS gh D;k\ ;gk¡ bankSj] mTtSu] Xokfy;j] eanlkSj esa fdruh VsDlVkby feYl gS\ [kk|k= esa Hkh gesa fdlh ij fuHkZj ugh jguk iM+rk bl {ks= esa 'kk;n gh lw[kk iM+rk gSA fQj dikl] ew¡xQyh] frygu tSlh uxn Qlysa Hkh ;gk¡ gksrh gSA ,d vkRefuHkZj bdkbZ ds lkFk rks ;g ljklj T;knrh ¼vU;k;½ gks jgh gSA ysfdu vc fd;k gh D;k tk ldrk gS\**

^^vkidk lkspuk Bhd gSA ysfdu dqN VsDlVkby feysa egkdks'ky esa Hkh gSaA jktuk¡nxkao vkSj cqjgkuiqj esaA fQj ,d twV&fey jk;x<+ esaA lkjk dks;yk rks egkdks'ky dh dksfy;jht ls gh e/;Hkkjr dks fey jgk gSA ;gk¡ ckekSj esa ;fn lhesaV QSDVjh gS rks ,f'k;k dh lcls cM+h lhesaV QSDVjh dSeksj esa gSA fQj NÙkhlx<+ rks /kku dk dVksjk gh dgk tkrk gSA nwljs [kk|k=ksa dh Hkh deh ugh gSA e/;Hkkjr vkSj egkdks'ky dks vki ,d&nwljs ds iwjd gksus dh utj ls Hkh rks nsf[k,A**

^^vkSj foa/;çns'k**

^^th] ogk¡ dk dks;yk Hkh rks vkidks feyrk gSA taxy gS lks ck¡l cgqr gksus ds dkj.k isij fey yx ldrh gSA iUuk dk ghjk cacbZ] t;iqj ds lkFk gh bankSj ds ljkZQs esa [kirk gSA**
vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj okf.kT; dh laHkkoukvksa ij Hkh dkQh ppkZ gksrh jghA fQj eSus mUgsa larq"V djus ds fygkt ls fHkykbZ bLikr la;a= dh LFkkiuk dh ckr Hkh dhA tcyiqj ds lqj{kk&laLFkkuksa dk Hkh mYys[k fd;kA blds foLrkj esa tkus dh t:jr ugha gSA ckr jktuhfrd vfLrRo ij vk fVdhA

^^gk¡] ysfdu vc e/;Hkkjr dk vfLrRo rks lekIr gks tk;sxkA 'kqDyth ¼ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy½ ;ksa ge yksxksa dks dkQh vk'oLr dj jgs gSa] ij opZLo rks egkdks'ky dk gh jgsxkA**
^^fdrus fnu\ 'kqDyth 80 ds vklikl gSA vkf[kj rks vkidks gh dke lEgkyuk gSA fQj 'kqDyth fdlh {ks= ds lk vU;k; ugha gksus nsaxsA mUgksaus ;fn ukxiqj dks esfMdy d‚yst fn;k rks tcyiqj dks bathfu;fjax vkSj jk;iqj dks Hkh vuns[kk ugh fd;kA larqyu cuk;s j[kus dh mudh Hkkouk cgqr çcy gSA vkSj fQj] egkdks'ky çns'k dkaxzsl desVh dk çLrko Hkh rks ,slk gh gSA**

^^lqjtuth] egkdks'ky ds fo/kk;dksa dh la[;k 'ks"k rhuksa {ks= ds fo/kk;dksa ls T;knk jgsxhA e/;Hkkjr ls eSa rks D;k] dksbZ Hkh eq[;ea=h gksuk eq>s ukeqefdu yxrk gSA**

fQj r[reyth us eq>s viuh 80 i`"B dh ml fjiksVZ dh dkih nh tks mUgksus usg:th dks nh FkhA mlesa ckcwth us e/;Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd&lkekftd fodkl ds lkFk gh e/;Hkkjr dk jktuhfrd opZLo de gks tkus dk Li"V mYys[k fd;k FkkA bl fjiksVZ dh ppkZ eSa fiNys i`"Bksa esa dj pqdk gw¡A muls cgqr yach ppkZ gqbZA vkt og blfy, Hkh ;kn vkrh gS fd eSaus vuk;kl gh dg fn;k Fkk fd ^^'kqDyth 80 ds vklikl gSA os fdrus fnu pysaxs!** dHkh&dHkh vkilh ppkZ esa Hkfo"; fdruk lR; mrj tkrk gS] ;g ckrphr mldk ,d mnkgj.k gSA

pyrs&pyrs mUgksus eq>ls iwNk fd eS eaf=eaMy ds fdu lnL;ksa ls fey pqdk gw¡A fQj tktwth ls mUgksus dqN vyx ckr dhA ge yksx tktwth ds fuokl ij ykSV vk;sA

nwljs fnu eS fQj tktwth ds lkFk lfpoky; x;kA ogk¡ esjh ryk'k gks jgh FkhA lwpuk ,oa tulaidZ lapkyd Jh vuar ejky 'kkL=h esjh çrh{kk dj jgs FksA e/;Hkkjr ij uoHkkjr dk ,d iwfrZ vad çdkf'kr djus dk funsZ'k mUgsa çkIr gqvkA ^^vki D;ksa tkrs gS\ os [kqn gh vk;sxsA** eSus ladksp fd;kA tc fcuk ek¡xs eq>s ,d iwfrZ vad fn;k tk jgk gS rks muls feyuk ,d lkekU; f'k"Vkpkj gSA oSls Hkh ,d i=dkj gksus ds ukrs eq>s muls feyuk gh FkkA ij tktwth vkf[kj tktwth gh FksA 'kkL=hth lkjh lkexzh ysdj ogha vk;sA eq>s vk'p;Z gqvk fd iBu&lkexzh ds lkFk ik¡p gtkj :i;s ds foKkiu Hkh FksA

ckcwth ds dke djus dh 'kSyh gh dqN ,slh FkhA eSa vkHkkj O;ä djus muds dejs esa igq¡pk rks os bl rjg fuLi`g Fks fd tSls dqN gqvk gh ugha

u;k e/;çns'k xfBr gqvkA 'kqDyth eq[;ea=h vkSj r[reyth Øe esa nwljsA fQj 'kaHkqukFkth 'kqDy vkSj M‚- 'kadjn;ky 'kekZA ;g rks [kSj lqfuf'pr gh FkkA fQj 'kqDyth dk 31 fnlacj] 1956 dks vpkud egkç;k.kA fdarq r[reyth Hkh LFkkukiUu eq[;ea=h ugh cuk;s tk ldsA M‚- dkVtw ds dSfcusV esa Hkh r[reyth dk uacj nks cjdjkj jgkA fdarq muls esjk laidZ cjkcj cuk jgkA muds lg;ksx djus dh 'kSyh dk ,d vkSj mnkgj.k ;gk¡ mfpr gksxkA

2 vDVwcj] 1957 dks ^e/;çns'k Økfudy* dk çdk'ku çkjaHk gqvkA ;g v[kckj fudkyus ds fy, ,d çkbosV fyfeVsM daiuh LFkkfir dh x;hA vkSj lnL;ksa dks rks 'ks;j csps gh x;s] eSus r[reyth ls fuosnu fd;k fd ;fn fcM+yk cznlZ es ls Hkh dksbZ ik¡p gtkj ds 'ks;j [kjhn ys rks ;g jde ?kkVk iwjk djus esa lgk;d gksxhA ckcwth us bl ekeys esa dkbZ :fp ugh yhA cksys] ^^;g dke 'kk;n gh gks ik;sA fcM+ykth fdlh NksVs&eksVs dke es D;ksa 'kjhd gksaxs\** ckr vk;h&x;h gks x;hA vkSj eS bl çlax dks Hkwy gh x;k fd vpkud ,d fnu mudk Qksu vk;k fd eS fey yw¡A eSa QkSju x;kA mUgksaus crk;k fd os dy gh Xokfy;j tk jgs gSA dksbZ dke u gks rks eS Hkh lkFk pyw¡A os dkj ls x;s vkSj eS lkFk esaA

Xokfy;j ds lfdZV gkml esa ,d dejk esjs fy, Hkh fjtoZ gks pqdk FkkA C;kojk] xquk] f'koiqjh gksrs gq, Xokfy;j dk jkLrk gSA rhuksa txg :drs gq, x;sA ckcwth ds Hkäksa ls Hkh ifjp; gqvkA jkf= esa f'koiqjh vkSj Xokfy;j ds chp ,d NksVs&ls jsyos LVs'ku ds ikl xkM+h jksddj Hkkstu gqvkA nsj jkr x;s ge yksx Xokfy;j igq¡psA

fcM+yk cznlZ ds Jh nqxkZçlknth eaMsfy;k muls feyus vk;sA mUgksaus eaMsfy;kth dks ,d QSDVjh dh çkstsDV fjiksVZ i<us nhA ;g Hkh crk;k fd blesa e/;çns'k 'kklu dh Hkh foÙkh; Hkkxhnkjh jgsxhA ;g fjiksVZ bVyh ds çfl) VkbijkbVj fuekZrk vkfyosÙkh dh vksj ls rS;kj dh x;h FkhA ipkl&lkB i`"Bksa dh fjiksVZ eaMsfy;kth us dksbZ iPphl&rhl feuV esa i<+ yhA vkSj yxHkx vk/kk ntZu la'kks/ku Hkh r[reyth dks lq>k,A eS eaMsfy;kth dh ml Rofjr cqf) dk dk;y gks x;kA fQj lkspk fd muesa ;fn ;g xq.k u gksrk rks os ?ku';kenklth fcM+yk dh ukd ds cky dSls gks ldrs Fks ! eaMsfy;kth ls ckcwth us esjk ifjp; djk;kA os pyus yxs rks cksys] ^^lqjtuth] vki Hkh lkFk gh esa pfy,A** cM+s vknfe;ksa ls eS nwj jgrk gw¡] vkSj eq>s eaMsfy;kth ls dksbZ dke Hkh ugh FkkA ij ckcwth dk funsZ'k gqvk fd eSa gks vkÅ¡A ^^fcM+ykth us js;u dh cM+h QSDVjh Mkyh gSA e/;çns'k ds fy, ;g u;k m|ksx gSA ns[k ysuk pkfg,A**

eSa eaMsfy;kth ds lkFk gks fy;kA mUgksus nks v/khuLFk vf/kdkfj;ksa dks cqyok;k] tSls fd lkjk ekeyk gh rS;kj FkkA Xokfy;j js;u dh vksj ls rhu gtkj :i;ksa dk vkSj thokth d‚Vu fey dh vksj ls nks gtkj :i;ksa dk psd vkSj foKkiu&vkns'k eq>s Fkek fn;s x;sA u dksbZ esVj] u dksbZ vof/kA ^^tSlk vki Bhd le>sa] oSlk dj ysaA** eSa gDdk&cDdk jg x;kA eaMsfy;kth us tSls vk'oLr fd;kA

Hkksiky ls Xokfy;j rd dksbZ ckjg ?kaVs dh ;k=kA ckcwth us eq>ls bl laca/k esa ckr rd ugh dhA vkSj vc fcuk ek¡xs ;g psdA eSa lfdZV gkml ykSVk rks ckcwth oSls gh fuLi`gA eSaus tc fuosnu fd;k fd eSaus rks vkils 'ks;j [kjhnus dh ckr dh Fkh] foKkiu dh ughaA mudk lh/kk&lk mÙkj] ^^ek;kjketh] fcM+ykth dks D;k QdZ iM+rk gS! mUgs Mk;jsDVj cukus ls vkidks rdyhQ gh gks ldrh gSA :i;s foKkiu ls feysa ;k 'ks;j lsA vius dks ?kkVk iwjk djus ls erycA** eSaus fuosnu fd;k fd vkf[kj mUgksus eaMsfy;kth ls igys gh ckr dj yh gksxhA de&ls&de lkeus dksbZ ckr ugh gqbZA vdsys esa Hkh ckcwth us muls ckr ugh dh] rks de&ls&de os jkLrs esa rks crk nsrs rks eSa ekufld :i ls blds fy, rS;kj jgrkA ckcwth flQZ eqLdqjk fn;sA mUgsa rhu fnu #duk FkkA eSa 'kke dh xkM+h ls Hkksiky okil gks fy;kA

M‚- dkVtw vkSj r[reyth ds chp fdlh fookn dh fLFkfr mBh gks] ;g eq>s Lej.k ugh vkrkA ysfdu M‚- dkVtw us dqN ,slh rq:i pky pyh fd r[reyth dks vf[ky Hkkjrh; dkaxzsl desVh dk egkea=h ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;kA eaf=eaMy ls vyx gks x;sA ftu r[reyth dks iafMr usg: u;s e/;çns'k dk eq[;ea=h cukuk pkgrs Fks] mUgs fnYyh cqyk fy;k x;kA usg:th dh fudVrk dke ugh vk;hA M‚- dkVtw muls T;knk fudV ds vkneh FksA

tc r[reyth dkaxzsl eglfefr ds egklfpo fu;qä fd;s x;s] rc Jh mPNaxjk; uoy'kadj <scj dkaxzslk/;{k FksA fu'p; gh M‚- dkVtw us vius gh eaf=eaMy ds çFke lg;ksxh Jh r[reyth dh xfrfof/k;ksa dks viuh xíh lyker j[kus esa ck/kd le>k gksxkA blfy, mUgksus ç/kkuea=h ia- usg: ls f'kdk;r dh gksxhA iafMrth ds dgus ls gh <scj HkkbZ us mUgsa viuk egklfpo cuk;k gksxkA ;g HkkX; dh fcMacuk gS fd ftu M‚- dkVtw dks 1957 esa e/;çns'k dk eq[;ea=h cukus esa r[reyth dh vge Hkwfedk jgh] mUgs gh M‚- dkVtw us pyrk dj fn;kA i=dkfjrk ls yxkrkj tqM+s jgus ,oa r[reyth ls yxkrkj laidZ jgus ds ckotwn eq>s dHkh ,slk dksbZ ladsr ugh feyk fd os M‚- dkVtw ds f[kykQ dksbZ "kMîa= dj jgs gS] rFkkfi eS ;g Hkh eku ysrk gw¡ fd dgha&u&dgha dksbZ gypy t:j gqbZ gksxh fd M‚- dkVtw us [krjk eglwl fd;k gksxkA ;g eS flQZ bl vk/kkj ij lksp jgk gw¡ fd e/;Hkkjr dh jktuhfr esa&fo'ks"kdj eq[;ea=h gVkus&cukus esa&ckcwth ds jksy ds ckjs esa eSus dbZ ppkZ,¡ lquh FkhA ,d ckj Lo;a Jh xksih-".kth fot;oxhZ; us Hkh bldk ftØ fd;k FkkA tSlkfd eSus igys Hkh fy[kk gS] r[reyth dh dk;Z'kSyh vU; jktuhfrKksa ls fHkUu FkhA os vius ç;kl dh lQyrk ds ckn gh jgL; ij ls ijnk mBkrs FksA

;fn M‚- dkVtw dks Hkh os dsoy FkksM+s le; mi;ksx djus dh -f"V ls e/;çns'k esa yk;s Fks] rks 'kk;n ;g mudk ,slk nk¡o Fkk ftlds ik¡ls myV x;sA M‚- dkVtw us odkyr 'kq: dh rks ia- eksrhyky usg: ds lgk;d ds :i esaA tokgjykyth vius firk ds lgk;d t:j Fks] fdarq M‚- dkVtw ds cknA blfy, ;g lgt dYiuk dh tk ldrh gS fd tc f'kdk;r djus okys M‚- dkVtw gksa rks iafMr usg: mudh ckr dks fdruk otu nsaxsA ,d rdZ ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd r[reyth ds lkFk Jh ewypan ns'kysgjk rFkk Jh txeksgu nkl Hkh tqM+ x;s FksA ns'kysgjkth ;|fi mu fnuksa e/;çns'k dkaxzslk/;{k ckcw xksfoannkl rFkk muds ckn egar y{ehukjk;.k nkl ds egkea=h jgs fdarq oLrqr: os v/;{k tSls vf/kdkjksa dk gh ç;ksx djrs FksA pw¡fd mu fnuksa çns'k dkaxzsl nrj ds [kpZ ds fy, ns'kysgjkth ljdkj ij fuHkZj u gksdj Lo;a Lora= çca/k djrs Fks] blfy, os viuh ljdkj Hkh ljdkjh ljdkj tSls Lora= <ax ls pykrs FksA [kSj! fLFkfr tks Hkh gks] r[reyth fnYyh pys x;sA os u‚FkZ ,osU;w esa fdlh lkaln ds ySV esa jgrs FksA

31 fnlacj] 1958 dks eSa uoHkkjr i=lewg ls i`Fkd~ gksdj jk;iqj rFkk tcyiqj ls ubZ nqfu;k] bankSj ds laLdj.k çdkf'kr djus yxk FkkA jk;iqj laLdj.k dk lapkyd rks eSa Lo;a Fkk fdarq tcyiqj laLdj.k dh lkjh foÙkh; O;oLFkk Jh ijekuan HkkbZ iVsy djrs FksA tcyiqj laLdj.k ds fy, ,d çkbosV fyfeVsM daiuh xfBr dh x;h FkhA eSa mldk çca/k lapkyd FkkA

1962 esa ¼eq>s vc rkjh[k dk Bhd Lej.k ugh vk jgk½ ,d fnu eq>s Jh ijekuan HkkbZ dk cacbZ ls Qksu feyk fd eS cacbZ igq¡pwA iafMr }kjdkçlknth feJ eq>ls ckr djuk pkgrs FksA

1952 esa ukxiqj] fNanokM+k rFkk tcyiqj ls viuh gh Hkkjrh; yksd dkaxzsl ds fVdV ij ¼rhu fuokZpu {ks=ksa ls½ [kM+s gq, feJth rhuksa txg ijkftr gq,A 1954 esa os eaMyk ftys ds uSuiqj&eksgxkao fo/kkulHkk lhV ls çlksik ¼çtk lektoknh ny½ ds fVdV ij [kM+s gq, vkSj ogk¡ Hkh Jh lqjsUæyky >k ¼ukjk;.knsoh >k ds ifr½ ls ijkLr gks x;sA dqN le; ckn feJth us iqu% dkaxzsl&ços'k esa dksbZ ck/kk Hkh u vk;hA ijarq mUgs 1956 ds vke pquko esa dkaxzsl fVdV ugh fn;k x;kA

;|fi dkaxzsl ikfyZ;kesaVjh cksMZ esa <scj HkkbZ rFkk iafMr usg: ekSu gh jgs] fdarq ekSykuk vcqy dyke vktkn us mUgsa fVdV nsus dk ?kksj fojks/k fd;kA mlh fnYyh&;k=k ds nkSjku 'kqDyth ds fu/ku ds ckn feJth fcydqy gh cslgkjk gks x;sA dkaxzsl esa ços'k feyus ds ckn Hkh feJth fuBYys cSBs jgsa] ;g mudh rklhj ds f[kykQ FkkA os 1962 esa iqu: dkaxzsl fVdV ikus ds bPNqd FksA blh chp Jh ewypan ns'kysgjk çns'k dkaxzsl v/;{k fuokZfpr gks x;sA ns'kysgjkth Hkh de egRokdak{kh ugh FksA os Hkh eq[;ea=h cuus ds vyx rkus&ckus cqu jgs FksA fnYyh esa feJth ds f[kykQ mUgksaus ,d l'kä ykch Hkh [kM+h dj yh FkhA

cacbZ igq¡pdj eSus feJth ls eqykdkr dhA feJth ls esjk ifjp; 1950 ds n'kd esa dqN fojks/kh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gqvk FkkA fdarq vc rd eS mudk fo'oklik= cu x;k FkkA feJth dk funsZ'k gqvk fd eS e/;çns'k dh jktuhfr ij fnYyh esa r[reyth ls ckr d:¡A b/kj r[reyth dkVtw ds dk¡Vs Fks rks feJth Hkh ns'kysgjk ls nX/kA ;fn r[reyth vkSj feJth ds chp dksbZ ikjLifjd lgefr gks tk;s rks e/;çns'k dks M‚- dkVtw tSls ijns'kh ls eqä fd;k tk ldrk FkkA r[reyth ds fy, feJth dk lans'k Fkk fd 1962 esa r[reyth] feJth dks dkaxzsl fVdV fnykus esa lgk;d gksa vkSj feJth r[reyth dks e/;çns'k dk eq[;ea=h cukus esaA feJth dk ,d okD; eq>s vHkh Hkh T;ksa dk R;ksa ;kn gS: ^^r[reyth eq>ls ik¡p lky cM+s gS] blfy, 1962 esa eq[;ea=h os gks tk;sa vkSj x`gea=h eq>s cuk;k tk;sA** feJth r[reyth dks ;g vk'oklu Hkh nsus dks rS;kj Fks fd ;fn ;g lqyg lQy gksrh gS rks fo/kk;dksa esa egkdks'ky dk cgqer gksrs gq, Hkh os iwjh rjg r[reyth ds lkFk jgsaxsA feJth dk ;g Hkh lq>ko Fkk fd blds ckn 1967 esa ckcwth fjVk;j gks tk;sa vkSj feJth eq[;ea=h cusaA

eq>s feJth dk ;g çLrko mfpr ekywe gqvkA egkdks'ky esa ns'kysgjkth ds ckotwn feJth dks cgqr leFkZu çkIr FkkA ;fn e/;çns'k ds ;s nks fnXxt ,d lkFk gks ldsa rks fu'p; gh 'kqDyth dh dYiuk ds lkdkj gksus dh fn'kk esa e/;çns'k ds pj.kksa dks xfr fey ldrh gSA

eS cacbZ ls lh/kk fnYyh x;kA tarj earj jksM fLFkr dk;kZy; esa r[reyth ls HksaV dhA viuh ;k=k dk mís'; u crkrs gq, eSus muls 'kke dks muds fuokl ij ,dkar esa ckr djus ds fy, mfpr le; tkuuk pkgkA ;g r[reyth ds LoHkko ds vuqdwy gh Fkk fd eq>s 'kke dks muds fuokl ij gh Hkkstu djus dk vkea=.k Hkh feysA r[reyth rFkk feJth esa eSus ,d vn~Hkqr lkE; ns[kkA vius eu dh osnuk fNikdj psgjs ij fufoZdkj Hkko cuk;s j[kus dh nksuksa esa xtc dh {kerk FkhA r[reyth ls feyus ij eSus ;gh vuqHko fd;k fd ,d xfr'khy eaf=in ls i`Fkd~ gksdj dkaxzsl ds fuf"Ø; egklfpo tSls in ij vk tkus ij Hkh muds psgjs ij dksbZ eyky ugh FkkA

'kke dks vkB cts muds lkFk HkkstuA ogh vkxzg&euqgkjA fQj mUgksus gh ;kn fnyk;k fd eS muds ,dkar esa dqN ckr djuk pkgrk FkkA nks cqtqxZ iafMrksa ds chp e/;LFk cuus esa ,d vkSj eS tgk¡ xkSjo vuqHko dj jgk Fkk] ogk¡ ,d ldksp HkhA vlaetl fd vkf[kj ckr dSls 'kq: d:¡\ ij ppkZ rks djuh gh FkhA igys vius psgjs ij FkksM+h eqLdjkgV fc[ksjh] fQj ckr 'kq: dh:

^^ckcwth] cgqr ladksp ls vkids ikl vk;k gq¡A ;fn ;g nqLlkgl Hkh gS rks nks"k esjk ugh] vkidh vkReh;rk dk gS tks eq>s lgt gh fey x;h gSA**

^^ugh&ugh] ladksp dh D;k ckr gS\ vki [kqydj dfg, tks dqN dguk gksA D;k dksbZ fVdV&fodV dk ekeyk gS\**

^^th] ekeyk rks fVdV dk gh gSA ij esjs fy, ughA ,d ,sls O;fä ds fy, ftlls ;fn vkidk eu fey tk;s rks e/;çns'k dk cgqr Hkyk gks tk;sxkA**

fQj ,d laf{kIr ç'u] ^^fdlds fy,**

^^th] eS ia- }kjkdkçlknth feJ ds fy, ckr djuk pkgrk g¡wA ;fn 1965 esa vki nksuksa gh fo/kkulHkk esa vk tk;sa rks vki eq[;ea=h gks tk;sxs vkSj feJth vkids igys lg;ksxhA**
^^ek;kjketh] ;g dSls laHko gS\ eS rks vkils Xokfy;j&HksaV ds nkSjku gh ¼ebZ] 1956½ esa dg pqdk gw¡ fd egkdks'ky ds fo/kk;dks dh la[;k 'ks"k rhuksa ?kVdksa ds fo/kk;dks ls vf/kd gksus dh otg ls e/;Hkkjr] foa/;çns'k ;k Hkksiky ds fdlh fo/kk;dksa ds eq[;ea=h gksus dh ckr lkspuk gh cscqfu;kn gSA nwljh ckr ;g Hkh dh dkaxzsl dk ftruk çHkko egkdks'ky esa gS] 'ks"k {ks=ks esa mlls cgqr de gSA e/;Hkkjr esa rks vkSj Hkh deA ,slh gkyr esa eSa eq[;ea=h pqus tkus dh ckr Hkh ugh lksprkA fQj ;g Hkh rks lksfp, fd feJth dks dkaxzsl fVdV gh dgk¡ ns jgh gS\**

^^eS ;gh rks fuosnu dj jgk gw¡A vki fVdV fnykus esa feJth dh lgk;rk dhft,A eq[;ea=h cukus esa os vkidh enn djsaxsA**

^^vki dSlh ckr djrs gS\ vOoy rks feJth dks fVdV feyuk eqf'dy vkSj ;fn fey Hkh x;h vkSj os thr x;s rks D;k eS eq[;ea=h cuk;k tk ldrk gw¡?\ rc rks feJth gh cusxsA**

^^th] eS feJth dk lans'k ysdj gh vk;k gw¡A ;g çLrko esjk ugh] mUgh dk gSA**

;g ckr lqudj r[reyth pkSdsA mUgs tSls fo'okl gh ugh gks jgk Fkk fd eSa feJth dk nwr cudj vk;k gw¡A eSus mUgs iqu: vk'oLr fd;kA ppkZ FkksM+h nsj ds fy, c<+ x;h] fQj mUgksus gh 'kq: dh:

^^ysfdu] ;g ukeqefdu gSA feJth dks fVdV feyus dk loky iSnk gh ugha gksrkA blfy, ftl çLrko dk v/kkj gh ugh gks] ml ij oä D;ksa tk;k ¼cjckn½ djsa\ **

^^;gh ls rks vk/kkj rS;kj gksxk] ckcwth! vki bl çLrko ij xkSj rks dhft,A**

jkr ds X;kjg ct pqds FksA ckcwth us gh dgk] ^^vc vkjke djsaA dy blh oä fQj cSBsxsA** pyrs&pyrs ;g Hkh ;kn fnyk;k fd dy Hkh Hkkstu lkFk esa djsaxsA

nwljs fnu eS fQj fu/kkZfjr le; ij igq¡p x;kA Hkkstu ds ckn mUgksus gh çkjaHk fd;k:
^^rks] ek;kjketh] vkidh ckr ij eSus cgqr lkspk&fopkjk gSA eS tkurk gw¡ fd vki dksbZ xyr ckr ugh djsaxsA ysfdu eq>s vHkh ,slk dksbZ ekgkSy utj ugh vkrk fd feJth dks fVdV feysA iafMrth ¼usg:th½ dks feJth ds uke ls fp<+ gSA <scj HkkbZ mudh ethZ ds f[kykQ dksbZ dke ugh djsaxsA**

^^ckcwth] iafMrth feJth ds brus f[kykQ ugh gSA og rks ekSykuk vktkn Fks tks feJth dks ukilan djrs FksA esjk [k;ky gS fd ;fn vki ns'kysgjkth ls lg;ksx lekIr dj feJth ds i{k es vk tk;sa rks 'kk;n ckr cu tk;sxhA <scj HkkbZ ls ckr dj vki /khjs&/khjs ,slk okrkoj.k rS;kj dj ldrs gSA**

^^vkidk ;g [k;ky xyr gS fd eS ns'kysgjkth ds çHkko esa gw¡A vxj os esjk lkFk ns jgs gS rks eSa badkj dj ds jkLrs dSls cny nw¡\ **

^^ckcwth] vki tkurs gS fd ns'kysgjkth us gj ftys esa dkaxzsl dks nks /kM+ks esa ck¡V fn;k gSA dksbZ ftyk ,slk ugh cpk tgk¡ nks xqV u gks x;s gksaA D;k ;g lc os vkids fy, dj jgs gS\ **

ckcwth FkksM+k uje iM+sA ^^ugh] eS ;g rks ugh dgrkA ysfdu D;k fdlh dk lkFk NksM+ nsuk vPNk yxsxk\ yksx eq>s gh /kks[ksckt ekuus yxsaxsA**

^^ckcwth] ns'kysgjkth egkdks'ky esa 'kqDyth dh {kfriwfrZ ugh dj ldrsA 'kqDyth ds fu/ku ds ckn egkdks'ky okys vlgk; vuqHko dj jgs gSA mudh vk'kk feJth gS] ns'kysgjkth ughaA**

^^HkkbZ] feJth vHkh eq>s D;k nsus dh fLFkfr esa gS\ vxj dksbZ lqyg gh gksuh gS rks nsus&ysus okys bl iksth'ku esa rks gksaA vHkh rks feJth ds fVdV dk Hkh fBdkuk ugh gSA**

^^blfy, rks eS vkids ikl vk;k gw¡A vki ;g fLFkfr cuk ldrs gS fd feJth dqN nsus dh iksth'ku esa vk tk;saA vki bl fn'kk esa igy rks dhft,A**

ckcwth ij esjh ckrksa dk dksbZ vlj ugh gks jgk FkkA 'kk;n bu pkSchl ?kaVks esa mUgksus ,-vkbZ-lh-lh- nrj es feJth dh voLFkk dh Vksg yh gksxhA fQj Hkh eSus ckr vkxs c<+k;h:
^^ckcwth] dkVtw lk- ls dksbZ Hkh {ks= larq"V ugh gSA u rks os ;gk¡ dh vkcksgok tkurs vkSj u yksxks dks igpkursA egkdks'ky okys rks fcydqy gh grk'k gks x;s gSA vHkh mudh utj ,dek= feJth ij fVdh gSA**

os fQj Hkh [kkeks'k jgsA eSus viuh i=dkfjrk ds cgqr&ls uqL[ks vktek;s: ij ckr dgha fVd ugh jgh FkhA fQj Hkh tkus D;ks feJth ds ckjs esa ,d vyx fdLe dk mRlkg FkkA vkf[kjh nk¡o Qsadrs gq, eSus dgk] ^^ckcwth] egkdks'ky grk'k ugh cSBk jgsxkA ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd feJth eq[;ea=h&in dh 'kiFk igys ysa vkSj fo/kk;d dh ckn esaA iafMrth ¼usg: th½ yksdra=oknh gSA ;fn os cgqer ds vkxs >qddj vius fe=ksa dks NksM+ ldrs gS rks M‚- dkVtw dks HkhA fo/kk;dks dh bPNk'kfä çcy gksrh gSA ojuk D;k jktLFkku esa ghjkykyth 'kkL=h dh txg txrukjk;.k O;kl] iatkc esa Hkhelsu lPpj dh txg çrkiflag dSjks vkSj caxky esa ih-lh- ?kks"k dh txg ij oh-lh- jk; eq[;ea=h gks ldrs Fks\**

^^gks ldrk gS] vki gh Bhd lksp jgs gksaA ij eq>s vkidh ckr t¡p ugh jghA tc feJth dqN nsus dh iksth'ku esa vk tk;saxs rc bl çLrko ij fopkj djsaxs\**

^^rc os vkidks D;ksa iwNsxs\ vHkh mUgs vkidh t:jr gSA og [kRe gks x;h rks os [kqn gh viuh jkg ryk'k ysaxsA**

nks fnu vkSj ik¡p ?kaVks dh ;g ppkZ fcuk fdlh ifj.kke ij igq¡ps [kRe gks x;hA vxj dksbZ ifj.kke fudyk Hkh rks ;gh fd feJth rFkk ckcwth dh chp dksbZ rkyesy laHko ugh gSA
eS cacbZ ykSV vk;kA feJth dks viuk fe'ku vlQy gksus dh fjiksVZ ns nhA iwjh ckr lqudj os g¡lsA ^^vki rks czhQ ls ckgj ckr dj vk;sA i=dkj gks u\** esjh vlQyrk ds ckotwn feJth oSls gh fufoZdkj] tSls r[reythA

vutkus dgh gqbZ ckrsa Hkh fdruk lgh gks tkrh gS] bldk ,d mnkgj.k vkSjA lpeqp] feJth us igys eq[;ea=h&in dh 'kiFk yh] fo/kk;d dh ckn esaA vkSj og r[reyth gh gks ldrs Fks fd tc 1963 esa feJth fo/kk;d ny ds usrk fuokZfpr gq, rks r[reyth dks ;g Hkud iM+rs gh fd os feJ eaf=eamy esa 'kkfey ugh fd;s tk jgs gS] ikVhZ ehfVax ds ckn vius fuokl ij ljdkjh dkj esa u ykSVdj fdlh vkSj ds lkFk vk;sA ljdkjh dkj lh/ks LVsV xSjst Hkst nh x;hA

1962 esa feJth dks fVdV ugh feykA r[reyth fQj fo/kkulHkk esa vk;sA Mk¡- dkVtw tkojk esa tula?kh mEehnokj ia- y{ehukjk;.k ikaMs ls ijkftr gks x;sA çR;sd ftys esa dkaxzsl dh xqVcanh us viuk jax fn[kk;kA M‚- dkVtw dh ijkt; ds ckn ns'kysgjkth us Hkh eq[;ea=h cuus dk LoUu l¡tks;kA mudh nyhy Fkh fd ;fn mRdy çns'k/;{k chtw iVuk;d fojks/kh ljdkj dh ijkt; ds ckn fo/kk;d u gksrs gq, Hkh eq[;ea=h gks ldrs gS rks ^eSa* D;ka ugh\ mudh ;g dksf'k'k rks csdkj gqbZ gh] M‚- dkVtw dh ijkt; ds dkj.kksa dh tk¡p ds f,y ,-vkbZ-lh-lh- us gSnjkckn ds iwoZ eq[;ea=h ch- jke-".k jko dks HkstkA mudh fjiksVZ esa Jh ns'kysgjk nks"kh ik;s x;sA mUgs çns'kk/;{k&in ls bLrhQk nsuk iM+kA ;g lc ,d vyx çlax gSA ppkZ ds nkSjku mudk ftØ djuk Bhd yxkA tSlkfd r[reyth dks vk'kadk Fkh] egkdks'ky ds npZLo us mUgsa eq[;ea=h ugh cuus fn;kA Jh Hkxoarjko eaMyksbZ ny&usrk fuokZfpr gq,A os gh eq[;ea=h cus vkSj r[reyth fQj rhljh ckj nwljs Øe ijA

foHkkxh; c¡Vokjs dks ysdj eaMyksbZth vkSj r[reyth esa Hkh erHksn gks x;sA mUgs MsoyiesaV vkSj Iykfuax tSlk fujFkZd foHkkx fn;k x;k FkkA bls mUgksus Lohdkj ugh fd;kA nksuksa ds chp yach okrkZvks dk nkSj pyk ysfdu ppkZ vlQy jghA tc bl erHksn dh [kcjsa dkaxzsl gkbZdeku rd igq¡ph rks dkaxzsl ikfyZ;kesaVªh cksMZ us ujflagx<+ ls M‚- dkVtw dks çR;k'kh ?kksf"kr dj fn;kA gqvk ;g fd ujflagx<+ ujs'k Jh Hkkuqçdk'k flag yksdlHkk rFkk fo/kkulHkk nksuksa ds fy, gh fuokZfpr gks x;s FksA mUgs iaæg fnu ds Hkhrj ;g QS lyk djuk Fkk fd os nks esa ls ,d LFkku ls R;kxi= nsaA Jh Hkkuqçdk'k flag us Hkh fLFkfr dk ykHk mBkuk Bhd le>kA mUgksus yksdlHkk esa jguk ilan fd;kA uj³~{klgx<+ fo/kkulHkk {ks= fjä gks x;kA

M‚- dkVtw ds çR;k'kh ?kksf"kr gksus dh [kcj VsyhfçaVj ij vkrs gh eaMyksbZth vkSj r[reyth esa lqyg gks x;hA nkuksa ugh pkgrs Fks fd e/;çns'k dks iqu: M‚- dkVtw ds gokys dj fn;k tk;sA

tgk¡ rd r[reyth dk laca/k gS] esjh muls HksaV&okrkZ igys dh rjg gh pyrh jghA tc dHkh Hkksiky tkrk] muls lEidZ cjkcj cuk;s j[krkA Jh ns'kysgjk dh xfrof/k;ksa ij esjh fVIi.kh lgh mrjus ds dkj.k eS muds djhc Hkh vk x;kA 'kk;n bldk ,d dkj.k esjk ^ubZ nqfu;k* ls lac) gks tkuk Hkh gks ldrk gSA

dkejkt&;kstuk ds varxZr eaMyksbZth dks eq[;ea=h&in ls R;kxi= ns nsuk iM+k njvly M‚- dkVtw ujflagx<+ ls iqufuokZfpr gks tkus ds ckctwn eaMyksbZth }kjk muds fy, LFkku u fjä djuk dkaxzsl gkbZdeku vkSj [kklrkSj ij iafMr usg: dks [kVd x;kA eaMyksbZth ds R;kxi= ds ckn Hkh M‚- dkVtw loZlEer eq[;ea=h ugh cu ldrs FksA ns'kysgjk&txeksgunkl us r[reyth dks [kM+k djus dk QSlyk dj fy;kA b/kj ia- }kjdkçlkn feJ jk;iqj ftys ds dlMksy {ks= ls fo/kkulHkk ds fy, fuokZfpr gks x;sA mUgksus Hkh viuk nk¡o pykA ;fn fufoZjks/k fuokZpu gksrk gS rks M‚- dkVtw vkSj pquko gksrk gS rks os mEehnokj gSA

eSaus ,d ckj fQj ç;Ru fd;kA eS fQj r[reyth ds ikl x;kA eSaus muls dgk fd os ns'kysgjk&xqV ds mEehnokj gksdj pquko u yM+sA dkaxzsl gkbZdeku oSls gh ukjkt gSA ;k rks M‚- dkVtw dks fufoZjks/k pqu ysus nsa ;k nksuksa nyksa dh lgefr ls feJth eq[;ea=h gks tk;saA

,d ckr t:j lkQ dj nw¡] ;g igy eSus viuh vksj ls gh dh] feJth dk nwr gksdj ughA eS pkgrk Fkk fd ;fn r[reyth esjs lq>ko ls lger gksa rks feJth ls ppkZ d:¡A r[reyth ds leFkZdksa us esjh ;g igy Bqdjk nhA

ubZ nqfu;k bankSj] jk;iqj vkSj tcyiqj laLdj.k Hkh bl erHksn dh pisV esa vk;sA bankSj laLdj.k ckcwth dk leFkZd gks x;k vkSj 'ks"k nks feJth dsA

ckcwth dks eSus ;g Hkh le>k;k fd os ns'kysgjk&txeksgunkl xqV ds leFkZu ds ckotwn thr ugh ldsaxsA mUgs esjh ckr ij fo'okl ugh gqvkA eSus muds lkeus nksuksa i{kksa ds fo/kk;dksa dh la[;k Hkh is'k dhA ckr ;g FkhA fd mu fnuksa çns'k dkaxzsl dk;kZy; esa esjk cgqr vkuk&tkuk gksrk FkkA ogk¡ ds çeq[k vf/kdkjh Jh jkeukjk;.k iqjksfgr vkSj Lo- nsodhuanu HkkxZo esjs fe= FksA ge rhuksa us cSBdj dkaxzslh fo/kk;dksa dk fglkc tksM+k rks feJth ds i{k es 83 vkSj ckcwth dks 64 er feysA ,d fo/kk;d Jh ukjk;.k çlkn pkS/kjh dks dkaxzsl gkbZdeku us ernku ls oafpr dj fn;k FkkA ojuk ;g er Hkh feJth dks gh feyrkA

;gk¡ ls ckcwth ds lfØ; jktuhfrd usr`Ro dh bfrJh gks x;hA lk/kkj.k fo/kk;d jgdj os dj gh D;k ldrs FksA fdarq os fo/kk;d foJkex`g ls fo/kkulHkk rd iSny gh vkrs&tkrsA viuh gkj dks mUgksus ,d f[kykM+h Hkkouk ls gh fy;kA esjk&mudk lEidZ cjkcj cuk jgk mlds chp dh jktuhfr lekIr gks x;hA vkReh;rk esa dksbZ dksj dlj ughA