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29.03.1923
- 31.12.1994 | | |
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gekjs iwoZt gksus okyh gj ?kVuk dks HkkX;
dk [ksy ekudj mldh bfr dj nsrs FksA orZeku
esa lkjh /kkj.kk,aa deZ ij vk/kkfjr gSaA
eSa vius thoudky esa] nksuksa /kkj.kkvksa
esa D;k lp gS bldks tkuus dk gh ç;kl
djrk jgkA ysfdu dkQh lksp&fopkj ds ckn
;gh fu.kZ; dj ik;k] fd thou nksuksa /kkj.kkvksa
ij vk/kkfjr gSA
;g esjk lkSHkkX; Fkk] fd eSa] ek;kjke HkS;k
ds lEidZ esa vius çkajfHkd thou esa
gh vk;kA vc lksfp, fd HkS;k ek;kjke xzke
[kkij[ksM+k] ftyk&gks'kaxkckn esa tUes
vkSj ogha ckY;dky fcrk;kA esjk tUe vMwyk
cktkj] n;kZiqj rglhy] ftyk vejkorh esa gksdj
'kS'kodky jktLFkku esa chrkA ckY;dky] çk;ejh
f'k{kk ds fy, cukslk n;kZiqj esa rFkk fefMy
dh i<+kbZ gsrq o/kkZ Lokoyach fo|kFkhZ
x`g igqaap x;kA ;g HkkX; dk gh [ksy gS fd
ogha ij ek;kjke HkS;k Hkh f'k{kk gsrq vk,A
fo|kFkhZ x`g esa T;knkrj fo|kFkhZ jktLFkku
ewy ds gh gksrs FksA ogkaW fo|kFkhZ x`g
esa djhc 100 fo|kFkhZ fofHkUu LFkkuksa ls
vk, FksA ogha ij HkkbZ ek;kjke ls çFke
ckj HksaV gqbZA fo|kFkhZ x`g dk okrkoj.k
vR;ar gh lkSE;] yqHkkouk o dqVqach; FkkA
ogk¡ 10 o"kZ ls ysdj 18&19
o"kZ rd ds fo|kFkhZ FksA ekrk&firk
dh txg fo|kFkhZ x`g ds O;oLFkkid Lo- x.ks'k
gjh fHkM+s FksA o"kksaZ ls os gh O;oLFkkid
jgs vkSj bl rjg mudk thou dqVqac ds vfrfjä
bu fo|kFkf~kZ;ksa ds chp gh chrkA mUgksaus
dHkh ekrk&firk dk vHkko eglwl ugha gksus
fn;kA xyrh ij nafMr djrs FksA ysfdu ml le;
mudk ân; fir`rqY; jgrk FkkA lHkh fo|kFkhZ
,deso] dqVqactu gh FksA ogk¡ fo|kFkhZ
vius ls NksVs fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls cM+s HkkbZ
tSlk O;ogkj djrs Fks rks NksVs Hkh mUgsa
cM+s HkkbZ tSlk gh vknj nsrs FksA esjs fy,
buesa gh HkkbZ ek;kjke Hkh esjs cM+s HkkbZ
FksA mudk gks'kaxkcknh ygtk lcdks cgqr Hkkrk
FkkA
HkS;k dh fo'ks"krk Fkh] fd ckr 'kq:
djus ds lkFk eqLdqjkgV muds psgjs ij igys
vkrhA mudk Lo;a viuk uke&irk nwljksa
dks crkus dk ,d dkO;e; vankt FkkA [ksn gS]
og 'kCnkoyh vkt eSa foLe`r dj jgk gw¡A
ysfdu mlesa ds dqN 'kCn ^---------[kkij[ksM+k
xzke ----- * var esa ^lqjtu ek;kjke* ;kn
gSA
ek;kjke HkS;k thou esa i=dkj cusaxs] ;g
dYiuk ml le; gesa djuk dfBu FkkA okLro esa
i=dkj ;k i=dkfjrk dk dksbZ Kku ;k mldk egRo
gesa ugha FkkA fo|kFkhZ x`g esa dksbZ v[kckj
Hkh ugha vkrk FkkA ysfdu vkt yxrk gS] fd
bZ'oj us mUgsa i=dkj cuus gsrq gh bl /kjrh
ij Hkstk FkkA vius gkbZLdwy thou esa gh
fo|kFkhZ x`g esa os gLrfyf[kr 6&7 iUuksa
dh if=dk rS;kj dj lcdks i<us gsrq nsrs
FksA mldh dksbZ le; ck/;rk ugha FkhA tc
Hkh mudks le; vuqdwy feyrk] os bl dk;Z dks
vUtke nsrs FksA lHkh ys[k muds Lo;a ds gksrsA
dqN fo|kFkhZ bl ij mudh gaWlh Hkh mM+krs
Fks] ysfdu mudk ;g dk;Z vfopfyr pyrk jgkA
blh i=dkfjrk ds dk;Z dks çk.k ok;q
ifjfLFkfr;ksa us nhA ch-dke- djus ds i'pkr
ukxiqj esa dkuwu dh i<+kbZ djus gsrq
x,A i<+kbZ ds fy, vFkZO;oLFkk vko';d
FkhA vr% mUgksaus ^uoHkkjr* v[kckj esa foKkiu
foHkkx esa ukSdjh dhA bl is'ks esa mudh
çFke ijh{kk uoHkkjr ds nhikoyh fo'ks"kkad
ds fy, foKkiu tqVkus esa gqbZA os blesa
iw.kZr% lQy jgsA dydÙkk tks vutku
txg Fkh o vutku yksx Fks] ogk¡ ls
os v[kckj gsrq foKkiu ykus esa lQy gq,A
fu'p; gh uoHkkjr v[kckj ds Lokeh Lo- jkexksiky
ekgs'ojh bl dk;Z ls çHkkfor gq, FksA
bl dk;Z ds dkj.k ekgs'ojhth dk fo'okl c<+
x;k o ek;kjke HkkbZ dh ;ksX;rk dk os vkdyu
dj x,A
HkkbZ ek;kjke us gekjs vU; lkfFk;ksa ;k
cM+s HkkbZ rqY; Lo- xksihfd'ku Vkojh o Lo-
v;ks/;k çlkn pkaMd dh rjg dkuwu dh
i<+kbZ djus ds i'pkr dj lykgdkj ;k vfHkHkk"kd
dk is'kk u viukrs gq, uoHkkjr esa gh lsok,¡
tkjh j[khaA ysfdu ek;kjke HkS;k dsoy ukSdjh
esa bls viukus ds fy, ugha FksA mUgksaus
uoHkkjr ds Lokeh Lo- ekgs'ojhth ls ppkZ
dj dqN 'krksaZ ds v/khu uoHkkjr v[kckj dk
çdk'ku tcyiqj ls djuk çkjaHk
fd;kA tcyiqj çdk'ku ds os Lora= lapkyd
jgsA mudh deZBrk o vFkd ifjJe ls tcyiqj
uoHkkjr mUufr iFk ij vxzlj jgkA ij bl deZB
o ifjJeh LoHkko ds HkS;k ek;kjke dks blls
larqf"V o pSu ugha vk;k mUgksaus uoHkkjr
dk çdk'ku eç jkT; dh jkt/kkuh
Hkksiky ls çkjaHk djus dk çLrko
fd;kA uoHkkjr ds ekfydksa ds uk dgus dk
dksbZ dkj.k ugha FkkA os HkkbZ ek;kjke dh
;ksX;rk ls HkyhHkk¡fr ifjfpr gks pqds
FksA vr% Hkksiky uoHkkjr çdk'ku çkjaHk
gqvkA mlds vPNs ifj.kke vkus yxsA HkS;k
dks ;g Hkh çrhr gksus yxk fd jkt/kkuh
ls ,d vaxzsth v[kckj dk çdk'ku gksuk
t:jh gSA vr% Hkksiky ls e/;çns'k
Øfudy dk çdk'ku çkjaHk
fd;k x;kA
ysfdu ckY;dky dh f'k{kk o rRle; ds laLdkj
tks fnekx esa ços'k djrs gSa] os
thouHkj lkFk jgrs gSaA Lo- fHkM+s xq#th
;g ?kqêh gesa ges'kk fiykrs jgs fd
euq"; dks dsoy LoLFk] cyoku ;k cqf)eku
gksuk gh i;kZIr ugha gS] mls vuko';d #i
ls fdlh ls fojks/k Hkh ugha djuk pkfg, o
thou esa Lokoyach gksuk vR;ar fgrdkjh gSA
ysfdu vfojks/kh gksus ds lkFk os bl ckr
ij Hkh tksj nsrs Fks fd vfojks/kh dk rkRi;Z
;g ugha gS fd dksbZ vieku djs ;k xyr ncko
Mkys ;k vU;k;iwoZd dk;Z djs rks ge pqi jgdj
lgu djsaA ,slh fLFkfr dk fuHkZ;rkiwoZd çfrdkj
fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bu lHkh fl)karksa ds ikyu
dk mins'k os fo|kFkhZ dks fn;k djrs FksA
çR;sd fo|kFkhZ dks lkjk dk;Z Lo;a
gh djuk gksrk FkkA Lo;a ds diM+s /kksuk]
HkkstuksijkUr crZu lkQ djuk bR;kfn lHkh
dk;Z Lo;a dks djuk gksrs FksA LokLF; lq/kkj
o lqjf{kr j[kus gsrq jkst lqcg O;k;ke djuk
Hkh vko';d gksrk FkkA mUgksaus fo|kFkhZ
x`g dk uke Hkh Lokoyach fo|kFkhZ x`g j[kk
FkkA bu lHkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh Nki fu'p;
gh ek;kjke HkS;k ij Hkh FkhA
Hkksiky esa jgrs gq, fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu
ls lacaf/kr dqN fookn rRdkyhu e/;çns'k
'kklu ds ea=h M- 'kadjn;ky 'kekZ ls
ek;kjke HkS;k dk gqvkA pw¡fd ek;kjke
HkS;k viuh txg lgh Fks] blfy, viuh ckr ij
vVy jgsA ysfdu v[kckj ds Lokeh Lo- jkexksikyth
dks ;g joS;k vius O;kolkf;d fgr ds foijhr
yxk o mUgksaus ek;kjke HkS;k dks ea=hth
ls [ksn çdV djus dks dgkA ifj.kkeLo#i
ek;kjke HkS;k us uoHkkjr lewg ls gh R;kxi=
nsus dk fu.kZ; fd;kA ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa
essa fdlh LokFkZo'k [ksn çdV djus
ds ctk; vius mlwyksa ds iDds HkkbZ us R;kxi=
nsuk gh Bhd le>kA mlwyksa ls gh tqM+h
fo|kFkhZ thou dh ,d ?kVuk eq>s ;kn gSA
ml le; ek;kjke HkS;k us ckVk 'kw dEiuh dh
nqdku ls twrs [kjhns FksA fcy ij Li"V
mYys[k Fkk] fd 6 ekg esa twrs esa [kjkch
fn[kh rks twrk cny fn;k tk,xkA mu twrksa
dh fiNyh ,d ghy dqN T;knk f?kl xbZ o og
twrs ls vyx gksrs fn[khA HkS;k us nqdku
ij tkdj twrk cnyus gsrq dgkA ogk¡
muls dgk x;k] fd twrk os nq#Lr djok nsrs
gSaA ysfdu fcy ij fy[kh 'krksaZ ds vuqlkj
HkS;k twrk cnyus ij gh vM+ x,A mUgksaus
lh/kk i= O;ogkj dEiuh ls fd;kA var esa mUgsa
cnys esa u;k twrk çnku fd;k x;kA
Li"V gS fd vuqfpr <ax ls fd, x,
dk;Z ds çfr os iw.kZ:i ls çfrdkj
djrs Fks ,oa U;k; çkfIr rd yM+kbZ
tkjh j[krs FksA
la?k"kZ muds thou dk ,d egRoiw.kZ vax
gh cu x;k FkkA uoHkkjr lewg NksMus ds ckn
os ubZnqfu;k ls tqM+s] ysfdu v[kckj çdk'ku
djus okys tks Lokeh] mls m|ksx ekusa] muls
HkS;k dh iVjh cSBuk laHko ugha FkkA vr%
bu lcdks NksMdj mUgksaus Lo;a dk ^ns'kcU/kq*
v[kckj çkjaHk fd;kA bldks LFkkfir
djus esa mudh dfBukb;k¡ vikj FkhaA
rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h Lo- ldyspk dk >aMkcjnkj
u cuus ds dkj.k mudks 'kkldh; foKkiu ugha
feyrs FksA eç Qkbusaf'k;y dkjiksjs'ku
ls Loh-r'kqnk _.k çkIr djus esa Hkh
'kklu us vM+axk yxkus dk iwjk ç;kl
fd;k ysfdu lHkh ck/kkvksa dks ikj dj ek;kjke
HkS;k us ^ns'kcU/kq* v[kckj dks LFkkfir
dj mlds çdk'ku LFky Hkh c<+k,A
esjs fy, ek;kjke HkS;k us muds thoudky rd
cM+s HkkbZ gksus dk QtZ fuHkk;kA le;≤
ij esjh enn dhA blds dqN mnkgj.k esjh ;kn
ls dHkh ckgj ugha gks ldsaxsA dqN dk fooj.k
eSa uhps ns jgk g¡wA
eSa 'kkldh; lsok esa jgrs gq, neksg dsaæh;
dks&vkijsfVOg cSad dk eSustj fu;qä
fd;k x;k FkkA ml le; lgdkfjrk ea=h Jh frokjh]
neksg fdlh vU; dk;Z ls i/kkjs FksA cSad
ds lapkyd eaMy us muds Lokxr djus dk fu.kZ;
fd;k o rnuqlkj cSad ds lsØsVjh Lo-
dqat fcgkjhyky xq# us ,d ipkZ nsdj 'kk[kk
dks çca/k djus ds fy, dgkA ipsZ esa
[kku&iku dk Hkh mYys[k FkkA nqHkkZX;
;g Fkk] fd dk;ZØe ds iwoZ jkf= esa
xzg.k FkkA vr% lHkh gksVy O;olkf;;ksa us
nqdkuksa dk eky lekIr dj vxys fnu u;k dke
djus dh ;kstuk cuk j[kh FkhA bl ij Hkh eSaus
,d cM+s gksVy O;olk;h ls jkf= esa 2 cts
dk;Z vkjaHk dj lqcg lk<+s 8 cts rd iw.kZ
gksus dk çca/k dj fy;kA ysfdu rRdkyhu
neksg dysDVj o ekuuh; ea=hth fu/kkZfjr le;
ls ?k.Vk Hkj igys gh vk x, o çca/k
u ns[kdj rqjar vxys nkSjs ij fudy x,A ml
fnu esjs ,d mPp vf/kdkjh neksg esa nkSjs
ij i/kkjs gq, FksA mUgksaus foHkkx dks rqjar
rkj Hkstdj ;g crkus dh dksf'k'k dh] fd cSad
esa ea=h egksn; dk vieku gqvk gSA blds fy,
eq>s ftEesnkj Bgjkrs gq, nf.Mr djus dk
çLrko Hkh mUgksaus fd;kA
eSaus rqjar ;g ladV Hkk¡i tcyiqj ek;kjke
HkS;k dks lkjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls voxr djk;kA
HkS;k us tc ea=h egksn; ls bl ckjs esa tkuuk
pkgk rks ea=h egksn; us ^dqN ugha gqvk gS*]
dgdj HkS;k ls [ksn çxV fd;k vkSj
ekeyk ogha [kRe dj fn;kA
nwljh ?kVuk esjs bankSj esa ekyok lgdkjh
'kDdj dkj[kkus dk eSustj jgrs gq, ?kVhA
bl 'kDdj dkj[kkus dh LFkkiuk djus esa esjs
ç;kl Hkh jgs gSaA vr: tc dkj[kkuk
LFkkfir djus dk le; vk;k rks dkj[kkus ds
lapkyd eaMy us ç;Ru dj esjh fu;qfä
eSustj in ij djok yhA blh ds lkFk lgdkfjrk
foHkkx us ,d vkSj vf/kdkjh dh fu;qfä
çca/k lapkyd in ij dj nhA os vf/kdkjh
foHkkxk/;{k ds [kkl pgsrs o muds cM+s fç;
FksA bu egksn; dh dqN dkjZokb;k¡ dkj[kkus
ds fgr esa u gksus ls eSaus fojks/k fd;kA
Qyr% esjk LFkkukarj.k foHkkxk/;{k us fNanokM+k
dj fn;kA eSaus vodk'k ij tkuk mfpr le>kA
;g blfy, vko';d gqvk] fd xyr le; pqudj foHkkxk/;{k
us eq>s gkfu igq¡pkus dk ç;kl
fd;kA rRi'pkr nwljk ç;kl esjh inksUufr
dj rqjar eq[;ky; mifLFkr gksus ds vkns'k
fn,A xyr le; dh inksUufr Hkh esjs fy, gkfudkjd
Fkh] tcfd ,d ekg ckn inksUufr eq>s vf/kd
ykHknk;d FkhA ysfdu foHkkxk/;{k rks fdlh
Hkh çdkj gkfu igq¡pkus gsrq
ç;Ru'khy FksA eq>s vkKk u ikyu
djus ds fy, dk;Zokgh dh tc /kedh feyh] rc
eSaus lkjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls ek;kjke HkS;k
dks voxr djk;kA HkS;k us tc lkjh ckrsa ea=h
egksn; ds le{k j[kha rc tkdj bu lcls eq>s
NqVdkjk feyk o mfpr le; ij eSaus dk;Z ij
mifLFkr gksdj inksUufr dk ykHk mBk;k A
nqHkkZX; ls esjs flj ij ls ekrk&firk
dk lk;k esjs x`gLFk dky 'kq: gksus ds lkFk
gh mB x;k FkkA 'kkldh; lsok esa gksus ls
esjs rcknys yxkrkj gksrs jgs] blfy, vius
lekt esa Hkh esjk dksbZ laidZ ugha jgkA
eSaus vius Åij ladV rc tkuk] tc esjh
iq=h ds fookg dk le; vk;kA esjk fparkxzLr
jguk LokHkkfod FkkA mlh le; ,d yMds dh tkudkjh
ukxiqj esa gksus dh feyhA eSa ukxiqj x;k
ysfdu ,sls le; ckrphr fdl çdkj dh
tkrh gS bldk eq>s Kku ugha FkkA eSaus
esjs fo|kFkhZ x`g ds lgikBh Lo- ekf.kdyky
/khju ukxiqj fuoklh dk lg;ksx fy;kA lHkh
vkSipkfjd ckrsa HkkbZ ekf.kd us gh dhA ysfdu
ml le; nkekn ukxiqj esa u gksdj tcyiqj esa
nok dEiuh esa foØ; çfrfuf/k
dh ukSdjh ij FksA eSaus mls ns[kus&ij[kus
dk cks> HkS;k ek;kjke ij Mky fn;kA mUgksaus
gh nkekn ilan dj u flQZ vkxs dh dkjZokbZ
gsrq eq>s funsZf'kr fd;k] cfYd 'kknh
gks tkus rd esjs da/ks ij mudk gkFk jgkA
nwljh iq=h dh 'kknh ds fy, Hkh os ç;Ru'khy
jgsA mUgksaus ,d ifjokj crk;k Fkk] HkkX;o'k
;g fj'rk gks u ldkA
lkj esa ;g dgsa] fd ek;kjke HkS;k dk thou
,d [kqyh fdrkc gSA lkfFk;ksa ds fy, viuRo
muesa [kwc Fkk] os mudh lgk;rk djus esa
dHkh ihNs ugha jgsA os thou Hkj ifjJeh jgs]
deZBrk mudk /keZ cu x;hA fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr
esa os vfopfyr o vfMx jgsA gj dfBukbZ dk
os g¡ldj eqdkcyk djrs FksA LokFkZ
ds fy, vius fl)karksa dks dHkh uqdlku ugha
gksus fn;kA vkfFkZd dfBukbZ;ksa esa vPNs
ls vPNs ;ks)k ureLrd gks tkrs gSa] ij ;g
;ks)k gj dfBukbZ ls tw>k o fot;h gksdj
ckgj vk;kA
HkS;k ds bu lHkh xq.kksa dks esjk dksfV&dksfV
ueuA
144] Lusguxj] bankSj
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