|
| |
29.03.1923
- 31.12.1994 | | |
| | |
|
| |
|
| |
iqjkuks lsbZ fnusj dFkk
Hkqyfc fd js gk;
vks lsbZ pks[ksj ns[kk
çk.ksjdFkk] ls fd Hkksyk tk;
johUæ ukFk
iqjkus fnuksa dh og ckrsa dSls Hkwyh tk
ldrh gSa! vka[kksa ns[kh çk.kksa
dh dFkk dks D;k Hkqyk;k tk ldrk gS\
^_rq lagkj* dk;ZØe esa rks tSls lkjh
_rq,a ,d lkFk mrj vkbZ FkhaA rhu ihf<;ksa
ds jpukdkjksa dk te?kV Fkk& og Hkh bafnjk
dyk laxhr fo'ofo|ky;] [kSjkx<+ ds ifjlj
esa!
ckr lU-------- dh gSA vfoHkkftr e/;çns'k
dh laLFkk fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu ds v/;{k ek;kjke
lqjtu th FksA ftUgsa eSa ^ckcwth* dgrk FkkA
;g og nkSj Fkk tc e-ç- fgUnh lkfgR;
lEesyu ns'k dh lokZf/kd lfØ; lkfgfR;d
laLFkkvksa esa ,d ekuh tkrh FkhA laLFkk
ds lkfgR; ea=h vkykspd M- deyk çlkn
Fks tks vius lkfFk;ksa ds chp ^dekaMj* ds
uke ls tkus tkrs FksA nksuksa gh ,sls deky
ds vkneh Fks fd tks Hkh muds laidZ esa vk;k
muesa ls vf/kdka'k ds fy;s os vkthou ^ckcwth*
vkSj ^dekaMj* gks x;sA
rks] ckcwth vkSj dekaMj us feydj ,d egRokdka{kh
dk;ZØe dh ;kstuk cukbZ] ftlesa ofj"Bre
dfo;ksa&ys[kdksa ls ysdj u;s dfo;ksa
rd dk lekxe gksA vk;kstu dk ukedj.k fd;k
x;k '_rqlagkjÓ vkSj dk;ZØe
ds fy;s LFkku pquk x;k [kSjkx<+] ftldk
LFkkuh; la;kstd eq>s cuk;k x;kA
bafnjk dyk laxhr fo'ofo|ky;] [kSjkx<+
esa ml le; dqyifr ¼rc mi dqyifr½
Fks foeysUnq eq[kthZ] tks Lo;a dykdkj gksus
ds vykok çfl) dykxq# vkSj is'ks ls
bathfu;j FksA ;g Hkh Lej.k djuk pkgrk gw¡
fd vkt ds nkSj ds çfl) flrkjoknd
cq/kkfnR; ds os firk vkSj xq# gSaA os fo'ofo|ky;
esa fujarj lkaL-frd xfrfof/k;ksa ds i{k/kj
FksA eSaus muls vkxzg fd;k fd vk;kstu fo'ofo|ky;
esa gksA mUgksaus u dsoy çLrko Lohdkj
fd;k] cfYd vk;kstu dks lqpk# :i ls lapkfyr
djus ds fy;s dqN lfefr;ka cuk nha vkSj mUgsa
esjs funsZ'ku esa dke djus dh fgnk;r nhA
;ksa rks ckcwth dk b'kkjk vkSj mudk çHkko
gh i;kZIr Fkk] eq>s rks eqr esa lEeku
vkSj ç'kalk fey jgh FkhA eSa rks
ckcwth dh ;kstuk çoh.krk vkSj eq[kthZ
lkgc ds ldkjkRed LoHkko rFkk lg;ksx dh Hkwfedk
dks js[kkafdr dj jgk gw¡A
[kSjkx<+ fo'ofo|ky; dk lsokdky esjs thou
dk Hkh Lof.kZe dky gSA eq>s f'k{kdksa]
deZpkfj;ksa vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk vf/kd lg;ksx
feyrk FkkA yksx tSls rS;kj cSBs jgrs Fks
fd esjs foHkkx dk dksbZ vk;kstu gks vkSj
os dke esa tqV tk,aA ml le; fo'ofo|ky; esa
uk rks vkt tSls lqfo/kktud vfrfFk x`g Fks
vkSj uk gh vU; lk/kuA ukxfjdksa dk lg;ksx
feyrk Fkk vkSj lcls c<dj Fkh esjs fo'ofo|ky;
dh Vhe ftlesa ,sls fo|kFkhZ Fks fd vko';drk
gksus ij nks cts jkr dks Hkh dke cryk;s
tkus ij nkSM+&/kwi djus ds fy;s [kq'kh
ls rS;kj jgrs FksA
xehZ dh Nqfê;ka Fkh blfy;s Nk=kokl
vkSj dejs [kkyh FksA efgyk Nk=kokl egy ¼fo-fo-
dk ewy Hkou½ ds Hkhrjh fgLls esa
FkkA dejs vkSj dejksa ds lkeus cjkenkA pgkjnhokjh
ls f?kjk cM+k lk çkax.k ftlds chp
nks isM+A dbZ ys[kd mlesa Bgjs] 'ks"k
vU; d{kksa esaA esgekuksa ds Hkkstu dk le;
gksrk] LFkkuh; Nk=k,¡ Hkkstu ijkslus
dk nkf;Ro laHkkyrhA ?kjsyw vkReh; okrkoj.k
cuk ftlls lHkh esgeku vkuafnr gq,A ckcwth
Hkh [kq'kA lqcg&'kke çkax.k esa
dqflZ;ka yxk nh tkrhaA ckcwth vDlj ogha
cSBrs vkSj ys[kd mUgsa ?ksjs jgrsA os vuq'kklu
ds rks iDds Fks ysfdu yksxksa ds lkFk [kwc
galh&etkd djrsA mudh laxBu {kerk dh
tkudkjh rks Fkh ghA mudk ln~Hkko] Lusg]
/kS;Z vkSj ukjkth dks Hkh fudVrk ls ns[kkA
deykçlkn Hkh ,dk/k ckj Mk¡V
[kkrs vkSj mldk etk Hkh ysrsA
ml vk;kstu esa rhu ih<+h ds lkB&lÙkj
ys[kd t:j 'kkfey gq, gksaxsA lHkh ds uke
fuxkuk rks laHko ugha] fdUrq esjh Le`fr
esa vHkh Hkh dbZ uke gSa& fo'oukFk f=ikBh]
fouksn dqekj 'kqDy] çeksn oekZ] ujs'k
lDlsuk] deyk çlkn] Hkxor jkor] ey;]
jkts'k tks'kh] ç;kx 'kqDy] v#.k dey]
jktsUæ 'kekZ] iqUuh flag] fou; nqcs]
os.kqxksiky] çse'kadj j?kqoa'kh]
yfyr lqjtu] jfo JhokLro] egkohj vxzoky]
yksdckcw] cæh ukjk;.k] uoy 'kqDy]
M- jkts'oj lDlsuk] M- ';kelqanj
feJA
NÙkhlx<+ ds lHkh LFkkuksa ls ;qok
ys[kd vkSj jaxdehZ vk;sA xksf"B;ksa
esa fo'ofo|ky; dk lHkk Hkou Hkj tkrkA [kSjkx<+
ds ukxfjd vk;kstu esa mifLFkr gksrsA uxj
esa ys[kdksa dks ?kwers gq, fnypLih ls ns[krsA
fo'ofo|ky; ds utnhd jkt Qsfeyh ds ,d ifjfpr
ifjokj esa 'kknh gks jgh FkhA eq>s vkea=.k
Hkstk x;k fd ys[kdksa dks fMuj esa ys vkšA
lHkh rks ugha fdarq dqN yksx x;s ftudh vkReh;
[kkfrjnkjh dh xbZA ,l-Mh-,e- us QkjsLV ulZjh
esa lHkh ys[kdksa dk jkf=Hkkst j[kkA pkj
fnuksa ds vk;kstu esa fdlh dks dksbZ rdyhQ
gqbZ rks esjs MDVj fe= egs'k feJk
dh eqr lsok,a vkSj nokb;ka feyrhA thou ;nq]
xksjsyky pansy] ghjkyky] y{eh ukjk;.k] gsear
flag vkfn [kSjkx<+ ds fe= nkSM+&/kwi
esa yxs jgrsA
esjh Le`fr esa os reke ;qok jpuk f'kfoj
Hkh gSa tks e-ç- lkfgR; lEesyu ds
rRoko/kku esa ckcwth ds funsZ'ku esa vkSj
deykçlkn ds la;kstdRo esa lEiUu gq,A
ipe<+h] vejdaVd] fp=dwV] f'koiqjh] dksjck
esa fofHkUu fo/kkvksa dks dsUæ esa
j[kdj f'kfojksa dh J`a[kyk cuhA bl rjg e-ç-
lkfgR; lEesyu ek= mRlo/kehZ laLFkk u jgdj
;qok ih<+h ds ys[kdksa vkSj jaxdfeZ;ksa
dh jpuk/kfeZrk dks fodflr djus esa egRoiw.kZ
Hkwfedk fuHkkus okyh laLFkk cu ldhA ijlkbZth
vkSj deyk çlkn ds dkj.k çysl
ds dbZ lkFkh bu dk;ZØeksa esa tqM+
x;s FksA ckcwth dk LoHkko vkSj fparu leUo;oknh
FkkA fdarq çfrfØ;kokn] dêjrk]
lkEçnkf;drk ds os mrus gh fojks/kh
Fks ftrus çysl ds lkFkhA os e-ç-
çysl ds laj{kdksa esa Hkh FksA çtkra=]
/keZfujis{krk vkSj lektokn ds lfØ;
leFkZdA Lo;a lkglh i=dkj vkSj esjh jk; esa
lq/kh ys[kdA jktusrkvksa] i=dkjksa] ys[kdksa]
cqf)thfo;ksa ls mudk xgjk ifjp; FkkA la?k"kksaZ
dks >sydj ftUgksaus ,d i= lewg cuk;k
FkkA ^ns'kcU/kq* v[kckj nkSyr ds lgkjs [kM+k
ugha fd;k x;k FkkA mldk çdk'ku ,sls
O;fä us çkjaHk fd;k Fkk ftldh
tsc [kkyh Fkh ij eu esa dYiuk] fnekx esa
;kstuk vkSj fny esa gkSlyk FkkA djsyk vkSj
uhe p<+k ;g fd vkn'kksaZ ls le>kSrk
ugha djus dh ftn Fkh vkSj fdlh ds Hkh eqag
ij lPph ckr dg nsus dh vknrA
lEesyu ds ;qok jpuk f'kfojksa esa tks u;s
fy[kus okys 'kkfey gq, muesa ls dbZ ds uke
vkt fgUnh ds egRoiw.kZ ys[kdksa esa 'kkfey
gSaA fo'ks"kKksa ds :i esa fgUnh ds
ukeh fxjkeh ys[kd vk;sA ;g deky ^ckcwth*
vkSj ^dekaMj* dk FkkA ;g cryk nwa fd ,sls
gh f'kfojksa esa ^dekaMj* 'kCn dh [kkst
gqbZ FkhA fo'ks"kKksa esa 'ke'ksj cgknqj]
vejdkar] /kuat; oekZ] dk'khukFk flag] gchc
ruohj] jkts'oj lDlsuk] ';kelqanj feJ] ,-ds-
gaxy] ey;] Lo;a çdk'k] jkts'k tks'kh]
'k'kkad] mn;çdk'k] vCnqy fcfLeYykg]
iqUuh flag] paædkar nsorkys] jekdkar
JhokLro] HkkÅ leFkZ] foykl xqIrs]
t;nso graxM+h] lur dqekj vkfn mifLFkr gksrs
FksA deykçlkn rks LFkk;h fo'ks"kK
Fks ghA
eSa fdlh rqyuk dh -f"V ls ugha dg jgk
gw¡ ij /;ku nsus ;ksX; ckr gS fd lkfgR;
ds {ks= esa cqfu;knh dke dk egRo ges'kk
Fkk vkSj /khjs&/khjs mldh vko';drk c<+
xbZ gSA ;|fi gekjs chp ,slk lkspus okys
Hkh gSa fd ,sls f'kfojksa dh t:jr ugha gSA
,slh ljdkjh&xSj ljdkjh laLFkk,a Hkh
gSa tks lkfgR; ds cM+s mRloksa ds fy;s yk[kksa
[kpZ dj nsrh gSa ysfdu mBrh gqbZ çfrHkkvksa
dks ,sls volj çnku ugha djrh tks
mudh ekSfyd çfrHkk dks ubZ mM+ku
ns ldsA e/;çns'k fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu
ds }kjk ckcwth vkSj deykçlkn us ;g
dke rRdkyhu e-ç- esa fd;kA
ckcwth çfl) i=dkj vkSj laxBudrkZ
FksA eSa mUgsa lq/kh ys[kd ds :i esa Hkh
;kn djuk pkgrk gw¡A fdlh Hkh laiknd
i=dkj dh rjg lkef;d fo"k;ksa ij laikndh;
vkSj dye fy[kuk rks mudk deZ vkSj
nkf;Ro Fkk ysfdu muds }kjk fy[ks x;s laLej.kksa
dks eSa lkfgfR;d jpukvksa esa LFkku nsrk
gw¡A os la?k"kZ'khy i=dkj] laiknd
vkSj ,d fo'ks"kdky esa jktuSfrd dk;ZdrkZ
Hkh jgs fdUrq mudk fo'kn lkfgfR;d v/;;u
vkSj Lo;a mudh jpuk/kfeZrk mUgsa vius fdLe
dk laLej.k ys[kd cukrh gSA cgqr ljy vkSj
vkReh; Hkk"kk esa O;fä;ksa vkSj
?kVukvksa dk bZekunkj fo'ys"k.k muds
ys[ku dh fo'ks"krk gSA muds ys[ku esa
tks iBuh;rk vkSj jkspdrk gS] eSa mldk ç'kald
jgk gw¡A dHkh&dHkh os dFkk lkfgR;
ls Hkh vf/kd gekjh ;knksa esa jgrs gSaA
Hkokuhçlkn feJ dh dfork csgn ljy
gksrh gSA 'kk;n mUgksaus ,slk fy[kk Hkh
gS& ftl rjg rw cksyrk gS] ml rjg fy[kA
;g xq.k fgUnh ds ftu x| ys[kdksa esa gSa
muesa gfj'kadj ijlkbZ vkSj ek;kjke lqjtu
esjs ilanhnk ys[kdksa esa gSaA nksuksa gh
fHkUu 'kSfy;ksa ds fdarq ,d gh fopkj/kkjk
ds gSaA vius vkSj nwljksa ds thou dks mUgksaus
vius nkSj dh ?kVukvksa ds chp ns[kk vkSj
j[kkA mudh ,d -fr dk uke gh gS ^bUgha thou
?kkfV;ksa esa* t;'kadj çlkn dh egkdkO;
dkek;uh ds ,d xhr dh iafä dk ;g va'k
gSA çlkn dh ukf;dk vius dks thou
?kkfV;ksa dh ^ljl cjlkr* dgrh gSA ek;kjketh
dh thou ?kkfV;ksa esa cjlkr] vka/kh&rwQku
vkSj HkwdEi Hkh gSaA fdUrq mUgksaus u rks
vius la?k"kksaZ dk mnkjhdj.k fd;k]
u lQyrk dk jkx vykik vkSj u gh viuh xfnZ'kksa
dks esMy dh rjg lhus ij /kkj.k fd;kA ;wa
ugha fd jktusrkvksa ds fojks/kkHkklksa ij
maxyh ugha j[kh fdUrq ,sfrgkfld lR; dks
lkeus ykus ds fy;sA os ijlkbZ dh rjg O;aX;
ugha djrsA njvly ijlkbZ dk y{; gh O;aX;
ys[ku FkkA os fo'oukFk f=ikBh dh rjg dfoRo
iw.kZ fouezrk dks Hkh ugha viukrsA muesa
csckdh gS fdUrq dk'khukFk tSlh /kDdkekj
Hkk"kk esa ughaA mudk x| ljy&lgt
vkSj oLrqxr lR; ds çfr vk'oLr djus
okyk gSA laLej.k lkfgR; esa O;fäxr
jkx&}s"k çsfjr ys[kdh; fopyu
ds dbZ mnkgj.k gSaA ftu O;fä;ksa ls
mudh vlgefr;ka ;k fojks/k jgk gS muds çfr
Hkh dVqrk ;k fuank Hkko muds laLej.kksa
esa ugha gSA i=dkjksa esa vlaHko rks ugha
fdarq ;g xq.k nqyZHk t:j gSA
i=dkfjrk dh yach vof/k esa ek;kjketh dk
laidZ fdrus gh egRoiw.kZ O;fä;ksa ls
gqvk] ftuesa xka/kh] usg:] bafnjk xka/kh
tSlh gfLr;ka FkhaA eq[;ea=h rks dbZ FksA
,d iwjh fdrkc gh mu ij fy[kh xbZ gS ysfdu
ek;kjketh dh vkReh;rk ds o`Ùk esa
muds f'k{kd] iM+kslh] cqf)thoh] lkfgR;dkj
lHkh FksA ^bUgha thou ?kkfV;ksa esa* ladyu
lefiZr gS ^mu lc oanuh; xq#tuksa dks ftUgksaus
la?k"kZ esa lgkjk fn;k*] vkSj mldk
igyk laLej.k gS ^uCcw [kka*] tks mudh çk;ejh
d{kk ds f'k{kd FksA muds laLej.kksa esa
Hkkjrh; jktuhfr vkSj lekt dk ,d fo'ks"k
le; thoar gks mBrk gSA ;fn mldh laiw.kZ
laLej.kkRed -fr;ksa dks Øe'k% i<+k
tk; rks ,d vkSiU;kfld -fr dk vkHkkl gksxkA
,slh -fr ftlesa e/;oxZ ds ,d O;fä ds
thou dh foiqy Nfc;ka vafdr gSaA vk'p;Ztud
:i ls muds vf/kdka'k laLej.kksa dk var fdlh
fouez okD; ls gksrk gSA
foxr n'kdksa esa fgUnh lkfgR; esa laLej.k
lkfgR; dk egRo c<+k gSA dqN laLej.k ys[kd
fgUnh ds egRoiw.kZ jpukdkjksa ds :i esa
js[kkafdr fd;s x;sA fgUnh lkfgR; ds vk/kqfud
dky ds lok lkS o"kZ ls Hkh vf/kd le;
esa laLej.k fo/kk ds dbZ jax&:i lkeus
vk;sA HkkjrsUnq ds le; ls ysdj vHkh rd ;g
fo/kk ikBdksa dks viuh vksj [khaprh jgh
gSA fo'o&çdk'ku O;olk; esa jktuSfrd
laLej.kksa dk [kklk cktkj jgk gS ysfdu muesa
ys[kdh; bZekunkjh dbZ ckj lafnX/k gksrh
gSA csLV lsyj dh lwph esa dbZ ,slh fdrkcsa
gSa tks ;k rks jktuSfrd fookn mBkus ds fy;s
;k fdlh dh dyad dFkk dks dekbZ djus ds fy;s
çdkf'kr gqbZ gSaA cktkj dh ekax ds
ncko us cgqrksa dks bZekunkj ugha jgus fn;kA
bl ifjçs{; esa fgUnh dk laLej.k lkfgR;
ç'kalk ds ;ksX; gSA ;g ckr blfy;s
dg jgk gw¡ fd ckcwth ds ikl rks ,sls
vuqHko Fks ftUgsa elkysnkj cukdj bl cktkj
esa ltk;k tk ldrk Fkk ij mUgksaus ,slk ugha
fd;kA Hkk"kk muds fy;s leL;k ugha FkhA
vkSj var esa&
vHkh dqN fnu gh gq, gSa] eSa vius ^xq#th*
M- gfj'kadj 'kqDy ds lkFk cSBk FkkA
ek;kjketh dh ppkZ pyh rks mUgksaus dgk&jekdkar]
eSa muds cgqr djhc Fkk bruk fd lksprk Fkk
fd 'kk;n dksbZ vkSj nwljk muds brus fudV
ugha gksxkA ckn esa le> ik;k fd esjh
rjg lkspus okys vkSj Hkh dbZ yksx FksA ;s
muds O;ogkj dh [kwch FkhA
eq>s yxrk gS fd ckcwth dks bl :i esa
;kn djuk muds O;fäRo dk ,d egRoiw.kZ
vk;ke gSA yfyr ls fe=rk ds dkj.k eSa Hkh
mUgsa ckcwth dgrk FkkA eSa vius uxj [kSjkx<+
ls tc jk;iqj tkrk rks dHkh&dHkh eSa
muds pkScs dyksuh fLFkr fuokl LFkku
ij Hkh #drk FkkA tYnh gh eSa muds ?kj dk
lnL; cu x;kA ?kj ds gy esa tehu ij
fcLrj yxkdj lHkh dk lksuk ;kn gSA etk vkrkA
ckcwth ls ckrsa de gksrha ysfdu os esjs
lkFk mrus gh lgt <ax ls cksyrs𝔠krs
tSls ?kj ds vU; lnL;ksa ds lkFk!
viuh ;qokoLFkk esa eSa meznjkt yksxksa ls
cgqr fudVrk dk vuqHko ugha dj ikrk FkkA
;wa ugha fd ^tujs'ku xSi* tSlk dksbZ Hkko
esjs eu esa FkkA oSls Hkh esjk ekuuk gS
fd ;g 'kCn] if'pe dk oSpkfjd dpjk gS vc
ftldk lh/kk lEcU/k cktkj dh j.kuhfr ls gSA
bldk çpkj&çlkj brus lqO;ofLFkr
<ax ls fd;k x;k gS fd vc nl o"kZ
dk cPpk Hkh rhl o"kZ ds toku dks iqjkus
fopkjksa dk ^cqM+m* ekudj og [ksyuk] iguuk
vkSj [kkuk pkgrk gS tks cktkj us r; dj fn;k
gS vkSj çpkfjr fd;k gS fd u;s tekus
ds cPps dh ilan D;k gksuh pkfg,A 'kk;n ;g
esjk LoHkko Fkk fd dqN meznjkt O;fä;ksa
ds lkFk gh eSa lgt gks ikrk FkkA eSa ugha
tkurk D;ksa eSa ckcwth ds lkFk fudVrk eglwl
djrk FkkA
,&5] eS=h fogkj
egkohj uxj] jk;iqj ¼N-x-½
| |
| | | |
|
|