HkkbZ ek;kjketh lqjtu ds ckjs esa fy[kus cSBk gwa rks mudh vla[; Le`fr;ka efLr"d esa dkSa/k jgh gSaA muls igyh eqykdkr dksbZ lkB lky igys ia- Hkokuhçlkn th frokjh ds ?kj ij gqbZ FkhA tcyiqj igqapuk bÙkQkdu gqvk FkkA esjs ije fe=] cky&l[kk] çks- guqeku çlkn oekZ Mh-,u- tSu dkyst esa vaxzsth ds ysDpjj gksdj tcyiqj igqap x;s FksA ge nksuksa 1945 ls 1947 rd neksg ds Nk= vkanksyu esa fo|kFkhZ QsMjs'ku ds çeq[k dk;ZdrkZ FksA fQj 6 lky rd lkxj fo'ofo|ky; esa ,d gh dejs esa jgdj i<+kbZ dh FkhA neksg esa ekrk&firk ds ikl jgus dh çcy bPNk ds dkj.k] y‚ dh fMxzh ysdj ogha odkyr dh FkhA guqeku ds vkxzg ij eSa 1953 esa]tcyiqj ls ,y,ych dh i<+kbZ djus yxk ysfdu d{kk,a 'kke dks yxrh] igkM+&lk fnu dSls dVs\ lkspk uoHkkjr esa dke djus yxwaA

ek;kjketh ^uoHkkjr* esa laiknd FksA muls HksaV gks pqdh FkhA ,d fnu muls feyus nhf{kriqjk fLFkr flefj;k okyh jkuh dh dksBh ds uoHkkjr dk;kZy; x;kA muls feydj vfHkçk; crk;kA mUgksaus dgk] gka gesa ,d lg&lEiknd dh t:jr rks gSA ysfdu gesa ,slk lg;ksxh pkfg, ftls vaxzsth dk vPNk Kku gksA lkFk gh fgUnh Hkh vPNh vkrh gksA dkj.k ;g gS fd lekpkj ih Vh vkbZ ds VsyhfçaVj ij vaxzsth esa vkrs gSaA mudk vuqokn djus ds lkFk gh laf{kIr Hkh djuk gksrk gS D;ksafd gekjs ikl vaxzsth v[kckj ds cjkcj i`"B la[;k ugha gSA

eSaus dgk] ^vkidks bldh fpark ugha djuk iM+sxhA esjh iwjh i<+kbZ vaxzsth ek/;e ls gqbZ gSA Ldwy ds fnuksa ls fMcsVj* jgk gwaA Nk= vkanksyu ds nkSjku Hkk"k.k&ys[ku fgUnh esa djrk jgk gwaA vr% eq>s fo'okl gS fd lekpkj lEiknu esa dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha gksxhA vkidk ekxZ&n'kZu feyrk gh jgsxkA

ek;kjke th csgn deZB O;fä FksA os dy dk dke vkt vkSj vkt dk dke vHkh djus ds vknh FksA mUgksaus rRdky esjh çfrKk yhA VsyhfçaVj ls ,d iqfyank eaxok;k vkSj dgk bUgsa ns[kdj lekpkj cukb,] 'kh"kZd lfgr ^lekpkj* 'kk[kk esa cSBdj djhc ,d ntZu NksVs&cM+s lekpkj cukdj mUgsa fn[kk;sA mUgksaus gj ,d lekpkj dks vaxzsth ls feykudj] ckjhdh ls ns[kkA muds gko&Hkko ls eq>s yxk fd mUgsa esjk dke ilan vk jgk gS] dgk] 'Bhd gSA vkidh vaxzsth vPNh gSA vuqokn ls eSa larq"V gwaA igys dk dqN vuqHko gS\*

^th ugha] dke rks dgha ugha fd;kA ;g t:j gS fd esjs ?kj esa VkbEl vkQ bafM;k] uoHkkjr VkbEl rFkk fgUnh&vaxzsth dh dbZ if=dk,a vkrh FkhaA blfy, i<us dk cgqr ekSdk feykA mudks i<dj jktuhfrd le> c<+hA

^vki dy ls vk tkb,A* bl rjg 1953 ls HkkbZ ek;kjke th ls dqN ,slk tqMus dk ekSdk feyk fd mudk Lusg ca/ku dHkh VwVk ughaA

^uoHkkjr* ds tcyiqj laLdj.k ds lEiknd ds lkFk gh os ukxiqj&tcyiqj nksuksa laaLdj.kksa ds eSustj dk nkf;Ro Hkh lEgkys FksA foKkiu tqVkus dk egRoiw.kZ dk;Z mUgha ds ftEes FkkA blds fy, os cEcbZ ] caxykSj] gSnjkckn] fnYyh] dydÙkk vkfn dh ;k=k djrs jgrsA eghus esa nl fnuksa ls T;knk tcyiqj ls ckgj jgrsA tc ykSVdj tcyiqj vkrs rks bl chp ds lkjs vadksa ij fuxkg MkyrsA fQj 'kke dks] tc jkr dh ikyh ds yksx vk tkrs gekjh Dykl ysrsA ,d&,d fnu dk vad mBkrs tkrsA mlesa txg&txg yky L;kgh ds xksys cus gksrsA fQj le>krs] nsf[k,] vkius bl lekpkj ds nks 'kh"kZd fn;s gSaA bldh t:jr ugha Fkh] ,d gh dkQh FkkA nwljs ls dgrs] ;g pkj dkye dk 'kh"kZd vuko';d gSA nks dkye dk 'kh"kZd i;kZIr FkkA blls tks txg cprh] mlesa vfrfjä lekpkj fn;k tk ldrk FkkA dkSu&lk lekpkj fdrus egRo dk gS] bldk vanktk yxkuk t:jh gSA dksbZ ckr ugha] /khjs&/khjs vki lgh fu.kZ; djus yxsaxsA fdlh rhljs ls dgrs] ;g tks vkius flaxy dkye esa ns fn;k gS] blls ;g egRoiw.kZ lekpkj fiV x;k gSA bls de ls de rhu dkye dk nsrs rks lekpkj ds lkFk U;k; gksrkA

tc os ;g lc crkrs] muds Loj esa #rcs ;k Js"Brk dk Hkko ugha gksrk FkkA Bhd oSls le>krs tSls ,d vPNk f'k{kd viuh d{kk ds Nk=ksa dks i<+krk&fl[kkrk gSA muds lq>koksa ls vlger gksuk dfBu FkkA ge lc lgefr esa flj fgykrs tkrsA çf'k{k.k dk ;g Øe yxkrkj pyrk jgkA ekg&nj&ekgA y‚ ikl djus rd] djhc nks lky] ^uoHkkjr* esa lg&lEiknd jgkA

,d fnu mUgksaus iwjs lEikndh; foHkkx dh cSBd dhA dgk& ^eq>s yxrk gS fd gekjs 'kh"kZd vkSj lekpkj dh Hkk"kk dHkh&dHkh dfBu gks tkrh gSA tc jsYos LVs'kuksa rFkk cl vìksa ij v[kckj ds c.My [kqyrs gSa] rks lcls igys mUgsa dqyh rFkk iku&pk; dh xqeBh okys i<+rs gSaA gekjk isij mudh le> esa vkuk pkfg,A vki yksx blesa lkfgR; u c?kkjsaA vke vkneh] de i<+k&fy[kk Hkh] le> lds] ge ,slk lekpkj i= yksxksa ds gkFkksa esa nsuk pkgrs gSaAÓ*,d vkSj lh[k mUgksaus nhA dgk] ^vki tkurs gSa] gekjk v[kckj dkaxzsl dh uhfr;ksa dk leFkZd gSA ysfdu bldk ;g eryc ugha gS fd nwljs nyksa ds lekpkjksa dks utjvankt fd;k tk;sA lcds fopkj turk rd igqapuk pkfg;sA lekpkj Nkius esa dksbZ HksnHkko ugha gksuk pkfg;s vkSj 'kh"kZdksa esa viuh vksj ls fepZ&elkyk fVIif.k;k¡ er tksfM;sA ftlus tks dgk gS] fcuk ykx&yisV ds oSls&gh 'kh"kZd ds lkFk lekpkj nhft,A fVIi.kh ds fy, gekjs ikl lEikndh; i`"B gSA* okLro esa mudh dksf'k'k Fkh fd muds lEikndRo esa fudyus okyk i= tkudkfj;ksa ls Hkjk gqvk] ljy Hkk"kk esa gksA

vkt djhc lkB lky ds ckn mudh mi;qZä lh[kksa dks ;kn dj jgk gw¡ rks fu%lansg os lh[ksa loZdkyhu egÙo dh çrhr gksrh gSaA vkt ds vusd lekpkj i=ksa esa i{kikriw.kZ [ksy ns[krk gw¡] rks cjcl HkkbZ ek;kjketh Le`fr esa mHkjrs gSaA bl nkSj ds vusd v[kckj dsoy uke ds fy, gh fgUnh ds jg x;s gSaA muesa rhu pkSFkk;h 'kh"kZd vkSj etewu Hkh] nsoukxjh fyfi esa fy[ks x;s] vaxzsth Hkk"kk ds gksrs gSaA ,sls lekpkj i= jksVh fgUnh ekrk dh [kkrs gSa] ysfdu iSj vaxzsth ds nck jgs gSaA

HkkbZ dh lân;rk vkSj lgk; gksus ds vusd çlax ;kn vkrs gSaA tcyiqj esa eSa vkSj guqekuçlkn oekZ] ';ke Vkdht ds ikl] vkse pkSfjVh VªLV ds ,d ySV esa jgrs FksA cktw ds ysV esa dqN yMds jgrs Fks] tks lsDlfj;k d‚elZ d‚yst esa i<+rs FksA muesa ls ,d bUædqekj tSu uked Nk= ls vPNh tku&igpku gks x;hA og lqcg 7 ls 10 cts rd d‚yst tkrk vkSj ogka ls ykSVdj ?kklhnkl leS;k dh diM+s dh nqdku ^ihiqy okyk 'kki* esa ukSdjh djus pyk tkrkA dksbZ 11 cts jkr ds ckn gh ykSV ikrkA mu fnuksa xqek'rk dkuwu rks Fkk ughaA nqdkusa nsj jkr rd [kqyh jgrhA can gksus ds le; ipklksa Fkkus [kqys iM+s jgrsA mUgsa yisVdj] tekus ds ckn 11 cts ds ckn gh Nqêh feyrhA ,d fnu eSaus bUædqekj ls iwNk] 'rqe lqcg 7 cts ls jkr 11 cts rd O;Lr jgrs gks] i<+kbZ dc djrs gks\*

^D;k djsa] esjs ekrk&firk vc ugha gSaA ,d HkkbZ gSA mudh vkfFkZd fLFkfr ,slh ugha gS fd esjh lgk;rk dj ldsaA eq>s viuh ne ij gh i<+kbZ dh bPNk iwjh djuk gSA blfy, ukSdjh ds flok; dksbZ pkjk ugha gSA*

og ,d vfu;fer lkIrkfgd esa dHkh&dHkh fy[kk djrk FkkA eq>s mldh i<+kbZ dh yxu ls lgkuqHkwfr FkhA ;g Hkh fo'okl Fkk fd ,sls yxu'khy yksxksa dh ek;kjketh lgk;rk djrs gSaA eSaus HkkbZ ls dgk] ^bVkjlh dk ,d xjhc yMdk i<us dh yxu yxk;s gSA d‚yst esa i<+ jgk gS] ijUrq ukSdjh djus ds dkj.k mls v/;;u dk le; ugha fey ikrkA vki mls uoHkkjr esa ukSdjh ns nsa rks 11 cts ls 'kke rd gh O;Lr jgsxkA jkr dks i<+kbZ dj ysxkA*

ek;kjketh vfr laosnu'khy FksA yksxksa dh lgk;rk djus esa mUgsa çlUurk gksrh FkhA mUgksaus vkxzg rRdky Lohdkj dj fy;kA 'dy ls ykb;s bUædqekj tSu dksA vxj mudk dk;Z Bhd gqvk rks fu;qä dj ysaxsA* vxys fnu eSa mls ysdj igqapkA mUgsa ftyksa&ftyksa ls çkIr çkarh; lekpkjksa dk dke lkSaik x;kA 'kke dks mlds }kjk lEikndh; lekpkjksa dks ns[kkA

mUgsa Hkjkslk gks x;k fd tSu viuk dk;Z] FkksM+s ls çf'k{k.k ds ckn Bhd ls dj ysaxsA mUgsa fu;qä djds çkarh; lekpkj dk ftEek lkSai fn;kA mudh ,e-d‚e rd i<+kbZ iwjh gqbZA igys 'kkldh; ukSdjh esa dbZ lky Hkksiky jgsA fQj bUædqekj ,d chek daiuh esa pys x;s vkSj dydÙkk esa jgdj if'pe caxky] vle rFkk mM+hlk ds tksuy eSustj gks x;sA thou i;ZUr esjs ?kfu"B fe= cus jgsA ek;kjketh ls Hkh fujarj laidZ cuk;s j[kkA

uoHkkjr esa jgrs gq, ,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ çlax vkrk gSA dqN fnuksa ds ckn bUædqekj us dgk] 'esjs lkFk jtuh'k tSu Hkh dke djrs gSaA os cgqr yxu'khy vkSj es/kkoh fo|kFkhZ gSa] ijUrq esjh rjg cslgkjk gSaA os Hkh jkr dks 11 cts ds ckn gh ?kj tk ikrs gSaA cM+h eqf'dy ls i<+kbZ ds fy, le; fudky ikrs gSaA vki mudks Hkh 'uoHkkjrÓ esa dke fnyk nhft,A blls mUgsa Hkh i<+kbZ ds fy, le; feyus yxsxkA*

^mUgsa dy ys vkvks] muls ckr djsaxsA*

os jtuh'k tSu dks ys vk;sA ns[kdj gh eSaus igpku fy;kA

^vjsA vki vkSj Hkkos lkxj ;wfuoflZVh vk;s Fks fMcsV esa tcyiqj ds çfrfuf/k cudjAÓ mUgksaus Hkh eq>s igpkukA os ftl okn&fookn çfr;ksfxrk esa vk;s Fks mlesa lkxj ds guqeku oekZ us vkSj eSaus fgLlk fy;k FkkA mlesa guqeku dks çFke iqjLdkj feyk Fkk vkSj jtuh'k rFkk eq>s la;qä :i ls f}rh;A jtuh'k ds lkFk Hkkos vk;s FksA os ckn esa vkb-,-,l- gks x;s vkSj vfrfjä eq[; lfpo ds in rd igqapsA bl eqykdkr ds ckn vxys fnu eSaus ek;kjketh ls jtuh'kth dh fu;qfä ds fy, fuosnu fd;kA

^HkkbZ] vc rks dsoy lekpkj i`"B ds fy, gesa ,d dh t:jr gSA D;k mUgsa vaxzsth vkrh gS\ vuqokn dj ysaxs\* lkxj esa vk;ksftr fMcsV dk gokyk nsrs gq, eSaus dgk] ^gksf'k;kj gSaA cgqr vPNh fgUnh cksyrs gSaA vaxzsth fdruh tkurs gSa bldk vankt ugha gSA*

^ns[k ysrs gSa] dy cqyk yhft,A*

jtuh'k dks ysdj vk;k vkSj HkkbZ ls HksaV djk;hA mUgksaus VsyhfçaVj ls vaxzsth ds lekpkj eaxokdj ns fn;s vkSj 'kh"kZd lfgr lekpkj rS;kj djus dks dgkA nwljs fnu ek;kjketh dks pkj fnu ds fy, ckgj tkuk FkkA ofj"B mi&lEiknd j?kqukFk çlkn frokjh ls dg x;s fd jtuh'k dks jkst vaxzsth ds lekpkj nsdj] fgUnh esa rS;kj djus ds fy, dgsaA ^ykSVdj eSa ns[k ywaxkA*

okil vkus ij mUgksaus ewy vaxzsth ls vuqoknksa dk feyku fd;kA mUgsa dke ls larks"k ugha gqvkA mUgksaus frokjhth ls dgk fd ^vuqokn lgh ugha gqvk gSA ,sls esa dSls j[k ysa bUgsaA* jtuh'k O;xzrk ls ifj.kke dk bartkj dj jgs FksA fdlh us ;g okrkZyki lqudj ckgj dg fn;k fd jtuh'kth dks dke ij ugha j[kk tk jgk gSA eSaus Hkh lqukA jtuh'k ds vkalq Nyd vk;sA iwNk] ^ek;kjketh eq>s ukSdjh ugha nsaxs*\

mudh dkrj -f"V ls eSa cgqr vkgr gqvkA QkSju ek;kjketh ds ikl Hkkxk x;kA ^D;k vki bUgsa v[kckj esa ugha j[k jgs gSa\*

^j[kus ds fy, gh cqyk;k FkkA ysfdu djsa D;k budh vaxzsth detksj gSA vki ns[k yhft,A vaxzsth esa lekpkj D;k gSa vkSj vuqokn D;k gqvkA lekpkj xyr Ni x;k rks çfr"Bk /kwy esa fey tk;sxhA*

^vki dg rks Bhd jgs gSa] ysfdu leL;k dfBu gSA ,d lIrkg ls ^ihiy okyk 'k‚i* x;s gh ugha gSa ;sA ukSdjh NwVh gh lef>;sA vc ;gk¡ Hkh dke ugha feyk rks budh i<+kbZ dSls tkjh jgsxh\ bUgsa Hkjkslk Fkk fd ukSdjh fey gh tk;sxhA*

^vki gh crkb;s budks dSls j[k ywa\*

eSaus jkLrk lq>k;kA dgk] *budh fgUnh cgqr vPNh gSA bUgsa vki çkarh; i`"B lkSai nsa vkSj bUædqekj dks eSa fnu ds lekpkj i`"B ij ys ysrk gw¡A viuh ns[k&js[k esa eSa muls dke djk ywaxkA lekpkj i`"B dh ftEesnkjh] esjhA vkidks f'kdk;r dk ekSdk ugha nwaxkA*

ek;kjketh rks thou Hkj dfBukbZ;ksa ls nks&pkj gksrs jgsA lkgl ls lkeuk djrs jgsA ijs'kkfu;ksa ds lhax ejksM+rs jgsA vr: vHkkoxzLr O;fä ds çfr csgn laosnu'khy FksA LokHkkfod gh] mUgksaus esjk lq>ko Lohdkj dj fy;kA mUgksaus jtuh'k dks cqykdj fu;qfä i= lkSai fn;kA bl rjg os uoHkkjr ds lEikndh; ifjokj dk fgLlk cu x;sA mUgksaus viuk nkf;Ro c[kwch fuHkk;kA HkkbZ muds dke ls larq"V FksA

ek;kjketh dh ,d vkSj lnk'k;rk ;kn vkrh gSA j?kqukFk çlkn frokjh lkIrkfgd vad dh ftEesnkjh lEgkyrs FksA fnokyh fo'ks"kkad esa O;Lr jgus ds dkj.k os cM+s yksxksa ds dksVs'ku dk laxzg ugha dj ik;s Fks] tks fd lkIrkfgd esa fn;s tkrs FksA jtuh'k us rikd ls dgk 'frokjh th esjs ikl gSaA

^;s rks vPNk gqvkA dy t:j ys vkukA*

jtuh'k us ,d ipkZ ykdj frokjhth dks fn;kA mUgksaus iwjk i<+k vkSj rksM+&ejksMdj uhps Qsad fn;kA jtuh'k dks D;ksafd eSa ysdj vk;k Fkk] mez esa NksVs Hkh Fks] vr% esjs eu esa muds çfr laj{k.k dk Hkko FkkA blfy, eq>s vPNk ugha yxk ;g O;ogkjA dgk] ^,d rks ;s vkidh enn ds fy, lkexzh ys vk;s vkSj vkius bl rjg Qsad fn;k\*

^HkS;k xqLlk er djksA* tehu ls dkxt mBkrs gq, dgk] ^yks rqe Hkh i<+ yksA*

i<+kA ns[kdj g¡lh vk;hA jtuh'k us tks dksVs'ku fy[ks Fks] mu lcds uhps jtuh'k fy[k fn;k FkkA ^vc le>s D;ksa Qsad fn;k FkkA jtuh'k dh vksj eq[kkfrc gksrs gq, dgk] ^vHkh rks ge xka/kh] usg:] iVsy] VSxksj] çsepan] foosdkuan] vjfoUn VkYlV‚l] lqHkk"k tSls yksxksa ds dFku Nki jgs gSa vki tc cM+s vkneh gks tk;saxs rks vkids Hkh NkisaxsA^

tc ;g ppkZ py jgh Fkh] HkkbZ dejs ls fudydj dgha tk jgs FksA mUgksaus dqN lqukA ipkZ eaxkdj Lo;a i<+kA jtuh'k ls dgk] ^vPNk fy[krs gksA ,slk gh ç;kl djrs jgksA*

;g Fkh ek;kjketh dh u;s&ls&u;s lg;ksxh ds çfr ln~HkkoukA uoksfnrksa dks çksRlkfgr djus dh dkeukA

ge lc tkurs gSaA jtuh'k tSu] ,d fnu ^vks'kks* ds uke ls fo'o&fo[;kr gq,A vusd ns'kksa esa cM+h la[;k esa] muds vuq;k;h gSaA mu ij lSdM+ksa iqLrdsa fy[kh x;ha vkSj muds çopuksa dh yk[kksa çfr;ka fo'oHkj esa çlkfjr gqbZaA muds çopu v[kckjksa esa çdkf'kr gksrs jgrs gSaA

mu fnuksa tcyiqj esa vkSj 1956 ls Hkksiky esa jktuhfrd] i=dkfjrk f'k{k.k rFkk lkfgfR;d {ks= esa tks Hkh egRoiw.kZ O;fä Fks] muls muds ?kfu"B rFkk lkSgknZiw.kZ lEcU/k jgsA eSaus ns[kk fd muds fopkjksa rFkk lekpkj i= ls erHksn j[kus okys yksx Hkh mudk cgqr vknj djrs FksA mUgksaus O;fäxr Lrj ij fdlh ls dVqrk ugha fuHkk;hA blfy, oSpkfjd erHksnksa ds ckotwn lc mudk vknj djrs FksA

y‚ ikl djus ds ckn ^uoHkkjr* NksMdj eSa neksg pyk x;kA odkyr 'kq: djus ds bjkns lsA firkth] M‚- Hkxokunkl xq:] [kq'k Fks fd csVk ikl vk x;kA ijarq ek¡ us dgk] ^csVk] odkyr dk is'kk eq>s ilan ughaA blesa thou Hkj >wB cksyuk iM+rk gSA ,d vkneh [kwu djds] pksjh djds vk;sxk rqEgkjs ikl vkSj rqEgsa vnkyr esa yxkrkj >wB cksyuk iM+sxk fd blus [kwu ugha fd;k] blus pksjh ugha dhA ek¡ dh bPNk lj vk¡[kksa ijA blfy, odhy ugha cu ik;kA fQj ukSdjh djus fudykA tcyiqj igqapdj ek;kjketh dks crk;k rks [kwc g¡lsA cksys] ^cM+h fofp= fLFkfr gSA igyh ckj lquus esa vk;h ,slh ckrA vkidh ek¡ cM+h vknj.kh; gSaA vki pkgsa rks uoHkkjr esa vk tk;sa fQygkyA*

mlh le; uoHkkjr ds ekfyd jkexksiky ekgs'ojh us ukxiqj ls cPpksa dk ekfld ^cky&xksiky* 'kq: fd;kA og e/;çns'k dkSafly v‚Q pkbYM osyQs;j dk ekfld FkkA ekgs'ojhth mlds drkZ&/krkZ FksA j?kqukFkçlkn frokjh mlds laiknd gksdj ukxiqj pys x;sA dqN le; ckn eSa Hkh mldk mi&laiknd gksdj ukxiqj igqap x;kA uoHkkjr dk;kZy; esa gh ^cky&xksiky* dk nrj FkkA ek;kjketh dk uoHkkjr] ukxiqj ds dk;kZy; esa vkuk yxk gh jgrkA ,d fnu iwNk] ^lc Bhd rks gS u\ ?kj ls bruh nwj gksA tc eu gks] tcyiqj vk tkukA vkids fy, txg ges'kk jgsxhA*

^vkidk Lusgiw.kZ v‚Qj ;kn j[kw¡xkA*

blh chp lwpuk&çdk'ku foHkkx ¼vc tulaidZ½ esa in foKkfir gq,A e-ç- yksd lsok vk;ksx }kjk lgk;d tulaidZ vf/kdkjh ds in ds fy, eSa pqu fy;k x;kA ukxiqj esa Tokbu fd;kA uoEcj] 1956 esa u;k e/;çns'k xfBr gksus ij eSa jkt/kkuh Hkksiky vk x;kA HkkbZ ek;kjketh Hkksiky esa uoHkkjr ds iwjs laLdj.k ds lEiknd gksdj vk x;sA os vDlj tulaidZ ds xksy?kj fLFkr eq[;ky; vkrs jgrsA rRdkyhu mi&lapkyd guqekuçlkn frokjh ls mudh ?kfu"Brk FkhA rc tulaidZ esa esjs lkFk gh uoHkkjr tcyiqj ds iqjkus lkFkh j?kqukFkçlkn frokjh] ds-ds- frokjh] ';kelqanj 'kekZ] ';kefcgkjh iVsy vkSj çlUu HkkbZ /kxV dk;Zjr FksA D;ksafd ge lHkh ek;kjketh ds lkFk dke dj pqds Fks vr% tc os lekpkj 'kk[kk esa vkdj cSBrs rks ,d ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k fufeZr gks tkrkA cktw esa vaxzsth nSfud fgrokn dk nrj Fkk] tgka ;'koar vjxjs lEikndh; foHkkx esa FksA mUgsa Hkh Qksu djds cqyk ysrsA vjxjs igys ^t; fgUn* nSfud esa Fks vkSj tcyiqj ds iqjkus lkFkh FksA pk; dh pqfLd;ksa ds chp [kwc g¡lh&Bgkds yxkrsA

chp&chp esa eSa uoHkkjr dk;kZy; tkrk HkkbZth ls feyusA fopkjksa esa lekurk gksus ds dkj.k ns'k&fons'k dh fofHkUu eqíksa ij muls ppkZ djuk lq[kdj yxrkA fofHkUu leL;kvksa ij muds fopkj Li"V gksrs FksA muds ys[kksa rFkk lEikndh;ksa esa mudh ikjn'khZ fVIif.k;ksa] lq>koksa rFkk rdZlaxr foospukvksa dh lkQ >yd feyrh gSA

os vR;ar lrdZ i=dkj FksA mudh nwjans'kh vkSj ltxrk dk ,d csgrj mnkgj.k nsf[k;sA jkT; iquxZBu vk;ksx us viuh fjiksVZ esa u;s e/;çns'k ds xBu dh vuq'kalk dhA mlesa fonHkZ dks NksMdj lewps e/;çns'k] e/;Hkkjr] foU/; çns'k rFkk Hkksiky dks feykdj] o`gn e/;çns'k ds usrk bldk fojks/k dj jgs FksA ek;kjketh us e/;Hkkjr] Hkksiky rFkk foU/; çns'k dh ;k=k,a dj mu rhuksa jkT;ksa ds eq[;eaf=;ksa rFkk vU; tuusrkvksa dk tk;tk fy;kA muls uoHkkjr ds ikBdksa dks voxr djk;kA eq>s ;kn ugha vkrk fd fdlh vkSj i=dkj us ;g igy dh gksA bl vxzxkeh lksp vkSj tekcanh us HkkbZ ek;kjketh dks lgt gh] i=dkjksa dh tekr esa] çns'k esa mudk loksZifj LFkku lqfuf'pr dj fn;kA

Lo;a çxfr'khy vkSj okeiaFkh fopkj/kkjk ls tqM+s jgus ds ckotwn] viuh fu"i{krk vkSj fu"Bk ds dkj.k dkaxzslh] Hkktik;h ;k lektoknh usrkvksa vkSj eq[;eaf=;ksa ds fudV laidZ esa gh ugha jgs] cfYd leku :i ls mudk fo'okl vftZr djrs jgsA mudh xzqi okrkZvksa vkSj lans'kksa ds okgd cus jgsA ,d i=dkj jgrs gq, vkSj ,d fuf'pr çfrc)rk ds ckn Hkh fofHkUu jktuhfrd usrkvksa ds chp lcdk iw.kZr% fo'oluh; ek/;e cuk jguk foLe;dkjh Hkh gS vkSj vkYgkndkjh HkhA blfy, fu%lansg HkkbZth i=dkj f'kjksef.k FksA

mudh dæ vkSj lk[k ,slh Fkh fd 'kklu pkgs fdlh dk Hkh jgk gks] tc dHkh fdlh lfefr esa ,d i=dkj dks çfrfuf/kRo nsus dk fopkj fd;k x;k rks mUgha dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA mUgha ds ç;klksa ls ys[kdksa dh vkfFkZd lgk;rkFkZ] iqLrdksa dh dsUæh; Ø; ;kstuk vtqZu flag th ds le; ykxw dh x;hA blds varxZr 'kkldh; iqLrdky;ksa ds fy, ,d iqLrd dh 500 çfr;ka Ø; dh tkrh Fkha vkSj çdk'kdksa dks jkf'k dk Hkqxrku rHkh fd;k tkrk Fkk tc os vius ns;d ds lkFk ys[kd dks ns; jkf'k dh gLrk{kfjr jlhn çLrqr djsaA blls cM+h la[;k esa e/;çns'k ds ys[kdksa dks ykHk igqapkA ek;kjketh dsUæh; Ø; lfefr ds lnL; FksA blh rjg lkfgR;dkjksa&i=dkjksa dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk igqapkus esa mudh egrh Hkwfedk FkhA cUns vyh Qkreh] feJhyky nqcs] xksfoUn frokjh] 'kf'k ;kno vkfn dks chekjh ds le; 'kkldh; lgk;rk mUgha dh dksf'k'kksa dk ifj.kke FkhA

ek;kjketh dh i=dkfjrk dk vk/kkj lPpkbZ] fu"i{krk vkSj bZekunkjh FkkA muds }kjk lEikfnr v[kckjksa esa fdlh Hkh ikVhZ dks ;g ekSdk ugha feyk fd lekpkjksa ds dojst esa i{kikr gksrk gSA ,d ckj l[kyspkth us] tc os eq[;ea=h Fks] mUgsa mykguk fn;k Fkk fd mudk isij vkj-,l-,l- ds fo#) yxkrkj fy[krk gSA HkkbZ us muls dgk fd ^gka ge vkidh fopkj/kkjk ds leFkZd ugha gSa] ysfdu gekjk v[kckj yxkrkj f[kykQ fy[k jgk blds mnkgj.k nhft,A* mnkgj.k Fks gh ugha] os is'k D;k djrsA pqi yxk x;sA

mUgsa viuh fu"i{krk dh dbZ ckj Hkkjh dher pqdkuk iM+hA mUgsa nks ckj dkaxzslh 'kklu ds le; vkSj nks ckj tu&la?k&Hkktik;h 'kklu ds le; foKkiu esa xaHkhj dVkSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA blls ns'kcU/kq dh vFkZO;oLFkk pjejk x;hA HksnHkkoiw.kZ foKkiu uhfr dk mUgsa f'kdkj gksuk iM+kA ifj.kke ;g gqvk ns'kcU/kq ds Hkksiky laLdj.k dks gh nks yk[k #- dk ?kkVk gks x;kA 1974 esa 'kq: fd;s x;s ns'kcU/kq ds Hkksiky laLdj.k dk çdk'ku 1979 esa dqN le; ds fy, can djus dks etcwj gksuk iM+kA

irk pyk rks eSa muls feyus x;kA cgqr nq%[kh FksA os csgn fgEerh FksA 'kk;n gh dHkh mUgsa fujk'k ns[kk gksA blfy, mUgsa xexhu ns[kdj] esjk eu cgqr O;fFkr gqvkA mUgksaus nq[kh gksdj dgk&

^rek'kk ns[kksA dkaxzsl ds 'kkludky esa ^ns'kcU/kq* dks fojks/kh vkSj okeiaFkh ekuk tkrk gS vkSj tula?k Hkktik 'kklu gesa dkaxzsl leFkZd ekurh gSA blfy, foKkiu can dj nsrs gSa] ;k brus de fd v[kckj pykuk laHko gh u gksA ,sls esa dSls pykÅ¡ isij\ dgka ls dkxt [kjhnw¡ vkSj dSls deZpkfj;ksa dks osru nw¡\ usrk vPNk] fu"i{k v[kckj pkgrs gh ughaA os fiNyXxw lekpkj i= pkgrs gSaA cl muds QksVks Nkirs jgksA mudh vkSj 'kklu dh ç'kalk djrs jgksA eSa ,slk ugha dj ldrkA ns'kcU/kq dk fQygky çdk'ku can djus ds flok; dksbZ pkjk ugha gSA*

^vkids rks eq[;ea=h ls vPNs laca/k gSaA muls feydj lkjh ckrsa Li"V crk nhft,A 'kk;n dksbZ jkLrk fudy vk;s\*

^eSa ;s lc dj pqdk gw¡A gk¡] eq[;eaf=;ksa ls esjs fudV lEcU/k jgs gSaA ijUrq eSaus dHkh Hkh u ^ns'kcU/kq* ds fy, ;k fdlh vkSj isij ftldk lEiknu eSaus fd;k gS] vf/kd ;k vfrfjä foKkiu dh ekax dh gSA eSaus ges'kk okftc gd dh ek¡x dh gSA eq[;ea=h ls eSaus dg fn;k gS vki tulaidZ ls vkadM+k fudky ds ns[k yhft, gesa fdlh Hkh 'kklu esa ik=rk ls vf/kd foKkiu ugha feysA fQj ,sls O;ogkj ls fny nq[krk gSA*

ek;kjketh dk nnZ cgqr tk;t FkkA eSa tkurk gw¡ mUgksaus dHkh fdlh dk vk¡[k ehapdj leFkZu ugha fd;k] u fojks/kA mUgksaus ges'kk eqíksa dks tk¡pk&ij[kk fd 'kklu dh dksbZ uhfr turk ds fgr esa gS ;k ughaA clA blh dlkSVh ij mUgksaus fuHkZ; gksdj fy[kkA mu eq[;eaf=;ksa dh xyr uhfr;ksa ds f[kykQ mUgksaus dye pykbZ] ftuls muds csgrj lEcU/k Fks] ;k ftudh uhfr;ksa ds os vkerkSj ij leFkZd FksA

mUgksaus tks dk;Z Hkh gkFk esa fy;k mls iwjs euks;ksx ls iwjk fd;kA ;g mUgha dh lkeF;Z Fkh fd çxfr'khy ys[kd la?k dk jk"Vªh; vf/kos'ku tcyiqj esa 1980 esa lQyrk iwoZd vk;ksftr fd;kA ;gh ugha] eq[;ea=h vtqZu flag mldk mn~?kkVu djus igqapsA blh çdkj vf[ky Hkkjrh; lekpkj i= lEiknd lEesyu dk ipe<+h esa vk;kstu fd;kA

e/;çns'k fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu] o"kksaZ ls de lfØ; laLFkk FkhA ;nk&dnk mlds lEesyu gksrs t:j Fks] ysfdu os Hkh fu;fer ughaA fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu dks l'kä vkSj thoar cukus dk lkjk Js; ek;kjketh dks tkrk gSA muds yEcs dk;Zdky esa lkjs çns'k esa ftyksa&ftyksa dh bdkbZ;ka lfØ; gks x;haA ,d ekfld i= Nius yxk] ftlesa çns'k dh xfrfof/k;ksaa dk ys[kk&tks[kk jgrkA lnj eafty ds lkeus ,d #i;k ekfld ds Vksdu fdjk;s ij 'kklu ls Hkou çkIr dj çknsf'kd dk;kZy; [kksy fy;kA lkFk gh ,d cM+k iqLrdky; 'kq: fd;kA esjk xtsfV;j dk dk;kZy; iqjkuk lfpoky; esa FkkA vkrs&tkrs eSa dk;kZy; igqap tkrkA dHkh&dHkh HkkbZ ls HksaV gks tkrhA j?kqukFk frokjh dks ges'kk fey tkrs FksA lEesyu ds çknsf'kd dk;kZy; esa mUgksaus Hkksiky ds çeq[k LFky ij ,d Hkw[k.M çkIr djus esa lQyrk ik;hA fQj ml ij Hkou fuekZ.k Hkh djk fy;kA ;g Hkou vc Hkksiky dh lkfgfR;d&lkaL-frd&lkekftd xfrfof/k;ksa ds ,d çeq[k dsUæ ds :i esa fo|eku gSA okLro esa fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu Hkou ek;kjketh dh deZBrk] dYiuk'khyrk] ifjJe vkSj yxu dk lnk Lej.k djkrk gSA bl dk;Z esa mUgsa v{k; dqekj tSu] çks- deyk çlkn] jktsUæ 'kekZ rFkk vU; lkfFk;ksa dk mYys[kuh; lg;ksx feykA

vius O;fäxr fgr ls vf/kd os lg;ksfx;ksa fe=ksa ds fgrksa ds fy, fpfUrr jgrs FksA bruk gh ugha] mudh fpUrk dk nk;jk O;kid FkkA ftuls muds oSpkfjd erHksn Fks] mudh foifÙk esa lgk;rk djuk os viuk /keZ le>rs FksA vkikrdky esa 1975 esa tc la?k leFkZd lekpkj i= ^;qx/keZ* ds tcyiqj&jk;iqj laLdj.kksa ij ikcanh yxh rks mlds lEiknd Hkxorh/kj cktis;h rFkk jk/ks';ke 'kekZ dks ys tkdj eq[;ea=h çdk'kpan lsBhth ls eqykdkr djk;hA mudk i{k çfrikfnr fd;kA ,slh Fkh mudh fu"i{krk vkSj lekpkj i=ksa dh Lok/khurk dh j{kk dh yydA bUgha xq.kksa us mUgsa bruk yksdfç; cuk;k FkkA

mudh lfØ;rk dk nk;jk i=dkfjrk ds {ks= rd lhfer ugha FkkA os vU; {ks=ksa esa yxkrkj lfØ; cus jgsA os vf[ky Hkkjrh; 'kkafr&,drk ifj"kn] Hkkjr&:l lkaL-frd la?k ls tqM+s FksA okLro esa os ,drk ifj"kn dh e/;çns'k bdkbZ ds v/;{k rFkk 'kkafr v-Hkk- ,drk ifj"kn ds v/;{k e.My ds lnL; FksA 1980 esa mUgksaus fo'o 'kkafr lEesyu ds cqYxkfj;k dh jkt/kkuh lksfQ;k esa vk;ksftr lEesyu esa fgLlk fy;k FkkA

HkkbZ ek;kjketh cgqr [kqys fny&fnekx ds /kuh FksA ;fn lgh ckr dk irk pys rks viuk er cnyus esa mUgsa rfud Hkh fgpd ugha gksrh FkhA ,d çlax dk ftØ dkfcys xkSj gSA cLrj ds o;kso`) fo}ku ia- lqUnjyky f=ikBh ds ckjs esa tkus fdlus mUgsa bruk HkMdk fn;k fd lkfgR;dkj ds ukrs vkfFkZd lgk;rk ds çLrko dk os leFkZu ugha dj jgs FksA mUgsa crk;k x;k Fkk fd os O;FkZ gh dqN fy[krs jgrs gSaA eSaus mudh vkfFkZd lgk;rk ds fy,] lfefr lnL; ds ukrs mudk leFkZu ekaxus ij HkkbZ dk er Kkr gqvkA

eSaus mUgsa crk;k] ^ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy tc jk;iqj fMfLVªDl dkSafly ds ps;jesu Fks rc dkSafly us mPpdksfV dh lkfgfR;d if=dk ^mRFkku* dk çdk'ku 'kq: fd;k FkkA mldk dq'ky lEiknu ia- lqanjyky f=ikBh us fd;k FkkA mlesa ns'k ds ew/kZU; fo}kuksa ds ys[k&dgkuh&dfork,¡ çdkf'kr gksrh FkhaA f=ikBh th iqjkrRo] bfrgkl] ,UFkzksi‚ykth] eqæk'kkL= rFkk Hkk"kk&foKku ds fo}ku gSaA os cLrj ds vkfnokfl;ksa dh cksfy;ksa ds lkFk gh laL-r] ckaxyk] mfM;k rFkk vaxzsth Hkk"kk ds Kkrk gSaA cLrj ds foy; ds ckn] ogka ls e/;çkar fo/kkulHkk ds lnL; Hkh jg pqds gSaA ysfdu lk/kughu gSaA nks&rhu ys[kksa ls] jsfM;ks ls tks fey tkrk gS] ogh thfodk dk lk/ku gSA ftyk xtsfV;j dh ijke'kZnk=h lfefr ds lnL; gSaA d"V esa jgrs gSaA vki enn dj nsa rks os vkSj Hkh euks;ksx ls fy[ksaxsA*
ek;kjke th /khjt ls lqurs jgsA dgk] ^vkius rks esjk -f"Vdks.k gh cny fn;kA bruk dke fd;k gS f=ikBhth usA yksxksa us fo}s"ko'k tkus D;k&D;k muds ckjs esa dgk! ,sls ,dkUr lk/kd dks] lkfgR;dkj dks ns; vkfFkZd lgk;rk feyuk gh pkfg,A dguk t:jh gS fd f=ikBhth dks HkkbZth ds ç;kl ls] vkfFkZd lg;ksx Loh-r gks x;kA

os laLdj.k fy[kus esa fl)gLr FksA mudh Lej.k 'kfä vn~Hkqr FkhA lk/kkj.k ckrphr esa Hkh dHkh fdlh n'kdksa iqjkus çlax dk ,slk c[kku djrs ekuks og chrs dy dh ?kVuk gksA lqudj vk'p;Z gksrk Fkk fd brus igys dh ?kVukvksa dh bruh foLr`r tkudkjh dSls eu esa latksdj j[ks gSa\ muds laLej.k lkIrkfgd ^ns'kcU/kq* esa çdkf'kr gksrs jgs] fQj nSfud esa Hkh Nirs jgsA mudks fQj ^eq[;ea=h e/;çns'k ds* 'kh"kZd ls iqLrd ds :i esa çdkf'kr fd;k x;kA mldk nwljk laLej.k Hkh 2011 esa vk pqdk gSA og iqLrd ek= ugha gSA fiNys 50&60 o"kksaZ dh iqjkus vkSj u;s e/;çns'k dh jktuhfrd ;k=k dk thoar nLrkost gSA laLej.kkRed 'kSyh esa fy[ks x;s ys[kksa dk ;g laxzg] gesa 1937 esa e/; çkar esa cus çFke dkaxzslh eaf=eaMy ds mrkj&p<+ko ls ysdj] u;s e/;çns'k ds xBu] mlds igys gh mBkiVd ls voxr djkrk gSA fQj u;s e/;çns'k esa jktuhfrd la?k"kZ] ?kkr&çfr?kkr rq#i pkyksa] 'kg vkSj ekr ds vuar [ksyksa dk] Js"B fo'ys"k.kksa rFkk lVhd fVIif.k;ksa ds lkFk çLrqr djrh gSaA dy iaæg eq[;eaf=;ksa ds 'kkludky dk fu"i{k vkSj [kjk ewY;kadu fd;k x;k gSA

vkSj ;s lc ek;kjketh nwjh ls ns[kus okys rek'kchu dh rjg ugha dj jgs FksA os e/;çns'k dh jktuhfr ds pØO;wg ds Hkhrj ?kqldj bl [ksy dks ns[k jgs Fks] cfYd le;&le; ij mlesa Hkkxhnkjh Hkh dj jgs FksA mudh iSuh utj reke jktuhfrd mrkj&p<+koksa dh iM+rky djrh gSA csgn larqfyr eqY;kadu gSA eq[;ea=h e/;çns'k ds egRoiw.kZ lk{; gSa ,sfrgkfld nLrkost gSaA tc dHkh u;s e/;çns'k dk bfrgkl fy[kk tk;sxk] ;g xzaFk vR;ar ewY;oku lzksr ds :i esa mi;ksx fd;k tkrk jgsxkA

mUgksaus lkjh çfr"Bk vius fu"i{k] fu"diV vkSj larqfyr i=dkfjrk ds ne ij vftZr dh FkhA mudk çHkko ,slk Fkk fd dkaxzsl us muds vkxzg ij rkR;k Vksis uxj] Hkksiky dh fo/kkulHkk lhV ds fy, çfl) i=dkj HkkbZ jru dqekj dks fVfdV ns nh FkhA ek;kjketh ds dkj.k cM+h la[;k esa i=dkjksa rFkk cqf)thfo;ksa us jrudqekj ds fy, pquko çpkj fd;k FkkA muesa eSa Hkh 'kkfey FkkA lsBhth ek;kjketh ls brus çHkkfor Fks fd mUgksaus gks'kaxkckn] tcyiqj ;k jk;iqj] dgha ls Hkh yksdlHkk pquko yMus dk vkQj fn;kA ftls mUgksaus vLohdkj dj fn;k FkkA

ek;kjketh dk LFkk;h fuokl jk;iqj FkkA ijarq lruk] tcyiqj rFkk Hkksiky laLdj.k dh ns[kjs[k ds fy, os rhuksa LFkkuksa ij dqN fnu #drs FksA esjh csVh LoIuk ek[kuyky prqosZnh i=dkfjrk fo'ofo|ky; ds igys csp esa 'kkfey FkhA tc ukSdjh dk ç'u mifLFkr gqvk rks fcuk lksps&fopkjs vkSj cM+s v[kckj ds pDdj esa iM+s] ek;kjketh ds ^ns'kcU/kq* ds flok; dksbZ fodYi ugha pqukA tc HkkbZ vk;s vkSj mUgsa irk yxk rks Qksu fd;k] irk pyk vkidh csVh LoIuk esjs gh v[kckj esa vk x;h gSA eSaus dgk ^vkids flok; tkuk dgka\* fcYdqy Bhd fd;kA fQj tc Hkh vkrs ^ns'kcU/kq* dk;kZy; igqaprs gh LoIuk ls dgrs] crk nsuk eSa vk x;k gwaA irk pyus ij eSa muls feyus 45 caxys muds fuokl ij igqap tkrkA fofo/k fo"k;ksa ij ppkZ gksrhA iqjkus vkReh; fj'rksa ds dkj.k ge ikfjokfjd lq[k&nq[k Hkh ckaVrsA Vsyhfotu esa lekpkj laiknu esa tqMus ls igys LoIuk ^ns'kcU/kq* esa çkarh; lEiknd dk nkf;Ro lEgkyrh jghA ;g HkkbZ ls nks ihf<;ksa dk tqM+ko FkkA

tc os chekj gksdj vLirky esa ,d ckj HkrhZ gq, eSa mUgsa ns[kus tkrk jgkA mUgsa cksyus esa rdyhQ gks jgh FkhA bl ij eSaus dgk] vki T;knk ckr er fd;k djksA cl lquk djksA vc eSa Hkh jkst&jkst ugha vkÅaxkA vkidks ckr djus esa rdyhQ gksrh gSA lqudj mUgksaus esjk gkFk idM+ fy;kA cksys] ,slk er djukA HkkbZ! vc yksx gh fdrus cPps gSa]ftlls fny dh ckr dg ldsa\

HkkbZ fdruk lgh dg jgs FksA tSls&tSls mez c<+rh tkrh gS] iqjkuh lkFkh NwVrs tkrs gSaA muds fjä LFkku dks dksbZ ugha Hkj ldrkA ek;kjketh ds pys tkus ij tks txg [kkyh gqbZ og vc Hkh [kkyh gSA mudh deh dksbZ nwljk iwjh ugha dj ldrkA