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29.03.1923
- 31.12.1994 | | |
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Jh ek;kjke lqjtu---- ek;kjketh---- lqjtu
th--- HkkbZ lk----] ckcwth----- ftrus lacks/ku]
mrus fj'rs] lc fny ls] nSufUnu O;ogkj esa
vuqHkwr ----- lPps vFkksaZ esa ,d cgqr cM+s
ifjokj ds mrus gh cM+s fny okys eqf[k;kA
;gh Nfo mHkjrh gS tc&tc ckcwth dk Lej.k
gksrk gS] tks ckjEckj gksrk gS] blfy, fd
;kn djus okyksa ds lkFk mudk xgjk lq[k&nq%[k
dk ukrk cuk FkkA ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk ;gh rks
dÙkZO; gksrk gS fd iwjs dqucs ds
fy, lnSo fQØean jgsA dksbZ dqN dgs
;k u dgs ysfdu eqf[k;k lcds fy, lksprk jgs
fd dc fdlds fy, D;k djuk gS\ dgk Hkh tkrk
gS fd fj'rs cukuk vklku gksrk gS] mUgsa
fuHkkuk dfBuA ijUrq ckcwth ml nqyZHk dksfV
ds eqf[k;k Fks ftUgsa fj'rs fuHkkuk vkrk
FkkA i=dkj txr esa cgqr cM+s yksx gq, gSa]
ijUrq tks cM+Iiu ckcwth ds vkpkj&fopkj
esa uSlfxZd :i ls lekfgr Fkk] oSlk vkSj
fdlh esa ugha ns[kkA blhfy, vf/kdka'k cM+s
yksx xqtjrs oä ds lkFk Hkqyk fn, tkrs
gSa] ijUrq ckcwth dHkh Hkqyk, ugha tk ldsaxs]
ges'kk ;kn fd, tk,¡xsA
ckcwth ls esjk laidZ lu 1973 esa gqvkA rc
^ns'kca/kq* lka/; nSfud ds :i esa tcyiqj
ls çdkf'kr gksrk FkkA jk;iqj ls çkr:dkyhu
laLdj.k fudyrk FkkA tokgjyky usg: -f"k
fo'ofo|ky; tcyiqj esa ukSdjh djrk FkkA e/;çns'k
yksd lsok vk;ksx ls jkT; ç'kklfud
lsok ds fy, fyf[kr ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ
dj yh Fkh] lk{kkRdkj esa çrh{kk lwph
esa uke 'kkfey Fkk] ijUrq bartkj [kRe gksrk
ugha yx jgk FkkA rHkh ckcwth us ladsr fd;k
fd ns'kca/kq dk Hkksiky laLdj.k çdkf'kr
gksus okyk gSA vuqHko ds fygkt ls tcyiqj
esa va'kdkfyd dk;kZjEHk djks] eu dks #ps
rks iw.kZdkfyd i=kdkfjrk esa vk tkukA dqN
le; ckn tcyiqj laLdj.k esa lwpuk Nih&
lg laiknd pkfg,A laiknd dks vkosnu Hkst
fn;kA yfyr th dk tokc vk;k& Jh jktsUæ
vxzoky ls fey ysaA bl rjg ns'kca/kq ifjokj
esa 'kkfey gks x;kA eghus esa ,dk/k ckj
ckcwth tcyiqj vkrs Fks] dHkh&dHkkj ckr
Hkh gks tk;k djrhA i=kdkfjrk vkSj lkekftd
ljksdkjksa ds çfr -f"V dk laLdkj
blh ls feykA tqykbZ 1974 esa Hkksiky ls
ns'kca/kq dk çdk'ku 'kq: gqvkA ogk¡
eq[; :i ls laikndh; nkf;Ro fuHkkus okys
Jh xaxkçlkn Bkdqj tcyiqj gksrs gq,
Hkksiky x, FksA dqN fnuksa Bkdqj lkgc ds
lkFk dke djrs gq, i=kdkfjrk dk vPNk çf'k{k.k
feyk vkSj ikfjokfjd fj'rk Hkh dk;e gqvkA
uoEcj& 1974 esa ckcwth dk vkns'k feyk&
Hkksiky vk tkvks] lks tcyiqj NksMdj iw.kZdkfyd
i=kdkfjrk esa jeus ds fy, Hkksiky vk x;kA
ns'kca/kq lalk/kuksa dh -f"V ls NksVk
ysfdu çfr"Bk dh -f"V ls
cM+k v[kckj FkkA i=kdkfjrk ds ewY;ksa vkSj
e;kZnkvksa dk /;ku j[kk tkrk FkkA v[kckj
dh lHkh 'kk[kkvksa esa dke djus dk ekSdk
feyrk FkkA çwQ i<us ij tksj fn;k
tkrk FkkA dke esa ehu&es[k fudkyh tkrh
Fkh] ysfdu fl[kkus ds utfj, ls] xyfr;ksa
ls cpus ds utfj, lsA fy[kus dh iwjh Lora=krkA
ckcwth T;knk le; Hkksiky esa jgus yxs Fks]
lks yxkrkj laidZ cuk jgrkA mudk lkfUu/;
vkSj ekxZn'kZu rFkk Bkdqj lkgc dk lkFk ------
;gh xq#&nh{kk Hkkoh thou dk lEcy cuhA
ckcwth dks i=kdkfjrk vkSj lkekftd ljksdkjksa
dh 'kk'or fo|kihB dgw¡ rks vfr'k;ksfä
ugha gksx
ckcwth ds lkfUu/; esa i=kdkfjrk ds dqN
vfoLej.kh; çlax---
cSad oku MdSrh dkaM dk eqdnek fnYyh
dh vnkyr esa py jgk FkkA Hkksiky ls vkjksfirksa
dk ukrk FkkA LFkkuh; ikBdksa dh #fp dk /;ku
j[krs gq, v¡xjsth i=k ls vuqokn djds
;gk¡ lekpkj fn;k tkrkA igyh lh[k feyh&
ftl i=k ls [kcj mBkbZ gS] mldk mYys[k t:j
djksA ,d fnu fnYyh ds fgUnh v[kckj vkSj
;gk¡ gekjs vuwfnr lekpkj ds ,d okD;
esa vUrj idM+ esa vk;kA ckcwth us Vksd fn;k&
vnkyrh ekeyksa esa [kcj nsrs le; T;knk lko/kkuh
j[kuh pkfg,A geus v¡xjsth v[kckj fudkyk
¼;g Hkh ckcwth us gh fl[kk;k fd lanHkZ
l¡Hkkydj j[kuk pkfg,½] vuqokn
dh dkih fudkyh] fnYyh dk cM+k fgUnh i=k
fudkyk vkSj 'kCndks'k dk Hkh lgkjk fy;kA
tc ckcwth dks crk;k fd ns'kca/kq lgh gS
rks os çlUu gq,] lgh vuqokn ds lkFk&lkFk
ml Hkjksls ij tks gesa vius dke ij FkkA
lu 1975 dh 12 twu ---- ml fnu rRdkyhu dsUæh;
ea=kh Mh-ih- /kj dk fu/ku gqvk] xqtjkr fo/kkulHkk
pquko ds ifj.kke vk, tks dkaxzsl ds f[kykQ
x,] ysfdu lcls cM+h vkSj egRoiw.kZ [kcj
vkbZ bykgkckn gkbZdksVZ lsA Jh jktukjk;.k
dh pquko ;kfpdk ij QSlyk lqukrs gq, bykgkckn
gkbZdksVZ us ç/kkuea=kh Jherh bafnjk
xka/kh dk jk;cjsyh ls yksdlHkk ds fy, fuokZpu
voS/k djkj ns fn;kA Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa
rwQku epk nsus okyh bl [kcj dks fo'ks"k
ifjf'k"V fudkydj tYn ls tYn ikBdksa
rd igq¡pkuk pkfg,] ;g ckr u esjs Kku
esa Fkh] u /;ku esaA nksigj esa çsl
igq¡pk rks ,d vthc ruko okrkoj.k esa
eglwl fd;kA lc ,MhVj dh est ij [kqn ckcwth
cSBs gq, FksA laiknd HkkbZ jru dqekj VsyhfçaVj
ls jksy dkV&dkV dj ns jgs FksA rc v¡xjsth
lekpkj ,tsalh okys VsyhfçaVj ;w-,u-vkbZ-
vFkok ih-Vh-vkbZ- ,tsalh ds gh v[kckjksa
esa gksrs FksA ns'kca/kq us ;w-,u-vkbZ-
dh lsok,¡ ys j[kh FkhaA VsyhfçaVj
ls jksy dkVuk] muesa ls Nkius ds fy, [kcjsa
pquuk] mudk v¡xjsth ls fgUnh esa vuqokn
djuk] 'kh"kZd yxkuk vkSj dEiksftax
dss fy, nsuk ¼gkFk ls Vkbi tekus
okyh i)fr rc pyrh Fkh½] çwQ
i<uk vkSj fQj ist yxokuk vFkkZr i`"B
lTtkA bl iwjh dok;n ds fy, djhc pkj ?kaVs
dk le; feyrk FkkA [kSj] ckcwth dh dke djus
dh jrkj ns[kdj vpafHkr jg x;kA djhc vk/kk
?kaVs ckn ckcwth us fçaVj dkih ds
fy, gkFk mBk;k tks mUgsa blfy, ugha feyh
fd nwljh est ij eSaus dke 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA
ckcwth us ,d ckj ?kwj dj gekjh vksj ns[kk]
fQj ;g Hkk¡i dj fd eSa fLFkfr dk egRo
le> pqdk gw¡ vkSj dke esa tqV x;k
gw¡] eqLdjk fn,A ifjf'k"V Ni
dj cktkj esa vk;k rks /kwe ep xbZA Hkksiky
dks rqjUr bruh cM+h [kcj nsus okyk ^ns'kca/kq*
vdsyk v[kckj FkkA dke iwjk gks tkus ds ckn
ckcwth us ulhgr nh fd ,sls vlk/kkj.k voljksa
ij fo'ks"k ifjf'k"V fudkyus dk
D;k egRo gS\ rc v[kckj gh [kcjsa tkuus dk
tfj;k FksA mUgksaus ;g Hkh ,glkl djk;k fd
py jgs ?kVukpØ ds ckjs esa ltx cus
jgus ls ekufld rS;kjh cuh jgrh gSA ckcwth
dh lh[k tYnh gh fQj dke vk xbZ tc 25 twu
dks ns'k ij vkikrdky Fkksi dj ckcw t;çdk'k
ukjk;.k lesr reke foi{kh usrkvksa dks fxjrkj
dj fy;k x;kA ml fnu Hkh vdsys ^ns'kca/kq*
us ikBdksa rd lcls igys ;g [kcj igq¡pkbZ]
fo'ks"k ifjf'k"V fudky djA blh
ds rqjUr ckn iqfyl nLrksa dk çsl
ij /kkok gqvk vkSj ns'k dks ,glkl djk fn;k
x;k fd ukxfjd vktkfn;ksa ds fnu dkQwj gq,A
vkfFkZd dfBukb;ksa ds dkj.k ^ns'kca/kq*
Hkksiky dk çdk'ku ik¡posa lky
esa Mxexkus yxk FkkA ckcwth ds ikl i=kdkjh
dkS'ky Fkk] Lo;a ys[kuh ds /kuh Fks] ij
/ku ugha FkkA bUgha gkykr esa 1979 esa Hkksiky
laLdj.k can djuk iM+kA blds dqN ekg igys
'uoHkkjrÓ ds cqykus ij esjh i=kdkjh&;k=k
dk nwljk pj.k gqvkA ^ns'kca/kq* dh iDdh
uhao ls ^uoHkkjr* dh ikjh lQy gqbZA
ckcwth ds lkfUu/; esa dke djus ds dqN vkSj
çsjd çlax gSaA 1975 esa fofn'kk
esa e/;çns'k fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu
dk vf/kos'ku gksuk FkkA njvly] ;g e`rçk;
lEesyu dks iquthZfor djus dh xaHkhj igy
FkhA Jh ek;kjke lqjtu v/;{k pqus x, FksA
vf/kos'ku lQy jgk vkSj lEesyu dks xfr'khy
cukus dh igy vkSj Hkh jax ykbZA ekfld ^foojf.kdk*
fudkyh xbZ] ftldk laiknu djus dh ftEesnkjh
Ng ekg esjs fgLls esa vkbZA lEesyu dh rS;kjh
vkSj O;oLFkk ls tqMdj la;kstu&lapkyu
fo"k;d dbZ ckrsa lh[kha] tks ckn esa
cgqr dke vkbZaA
ukS tqykbZ 1976 dks e/;çns'k ds xk¡o&dLcksa
esa i=dkfjrk djus okys vkapfyd i=dkjksa
dks laxfBr djus] i=dkj ds :i esa muds -frRo
dh ekU;rk] laj{k.k] çf'k{k.k vkSj
çksRlkgu ds mís';ksa dks lkeus
j[k dj ^e/;çns'k vkapfyd i=kdkj la?k*
dh LFkkiuk dhA ckcwth dk ekxZn'kZu vkthou
bl igy dks feyrk jgkA LFkkiuk lEesyu ls
ysdj laxBu dh vf/kdka'k dk;Z'kkyk,¡
vkSj çf'k{k.k f'kfoj muds lkfUu/;
ls lkFkZdrk çkIr djrs jgsA
e/;çns'k fganh xzaFk vdkneh ds fy,
M- f'kodqekj voLFkh us ^e/;çns'k
dh i=dkfjrk dk bfrgkl* fy[kus dk dke lkSaikA
vyx&vyx vapy dk bfro`Ùk fHkUu&fHkUu
i=dkjksa ls fy[kok;kA txg&txg tkdj lUnHkZ
lw= ryk'ks vkSj laiknu fd;kA ikaMqfyfi ckcwth
ls t¡pokbZ fQj çdk'ku ds fy,
lkSaihA bl u;s vuqHko ds lkFk Hkh ckcwth
dh lh[k vkSj vk'khokZn tqM+s jgsA
19 twu 1984] ek/kojko lçs Le`fr lekpkji=
laxzgky; dh LFkkiuk ds fnu Hkh ckcwth gekjs
lkFk Fks] vius O;kid vuqHko] fo'kn Kku]
;'kLoh -frRo vkSj lEeksgd O;fäRo dh
lexz vkHkk ds lkFk* ljijLr dh Hkwfedk esaA
mudh mifLFkfr gekjs fy, T;ksfr LraHk dk
dke djrhA Hkksiky&;k=k esa os lçs
laxzgky; t:j vkrsA iwjk C;kSjk ysrsA dfBukb;k¡
tkursA lek/kku lq>krsA futh laxzgksa
dk irk nsrs ftudh ckSf)d /kjksgj gesa fey
ldrh FkhA ;k=kvksa esa [kqn Hkh yksxksa
dks ;gh lykg nsrs fd T;knk fnu iqjkus i=&if=dk&fdrkcsa
futh rkSj ij cpk, ugha tk ldrsA lçs
laxzgky; esa egQwt djk nksA os tc Hkh vkrs
u;s laxzg.k esa ls dkbZ u dksbZ iqjkuk çdk'ku
t:j i<+rsA lçs laxzgky; dk foLrkj
vkSj fodkl ns[krs gq, mudh vk¡[kksa
esa tks ped dkSa/krh] tks larqf"V çdV
gksrh] mls ge vius dke ds fy, lcls egRoiw.kZ
çek.k i= ekurs gSaA
pkj tqykbZ 1988 dks ^,d Hkkjrh; vkRek* nknk
ek[kuyky prqosZnh dk 'krokf"kZdh lekjksg
lçs laxzgky; us nknk dh tUeHkwfe
ckcbZ esa euk;kA eq[; vfrfFk Fks Jh ek;kjke
lqjtu] çks- egs'knÙk feJ]
Jh c`tHkw"k.k prqosZnh ¼nknk
ds vuqt½] çks- v{k; dqekj]
HkkbZ jrudqekjA mlh fnu lcsjs e/;çns'k
dh fo/kkulHkk us& lnu ds usrk Jh vtqZu
flag] usrk çfri{k Jh dSyk'k tks'kh
vkSj v/;{k Jh jktsUæ çlkn 'kqDy
ds ek/;e ls iwjs çns'k dh Hkkouk,¡
eq[kj djrs gq, ladYi fy;k Fkk fd ml ckcbZ
dk uke ^ek[kuuxj* gksxk] ftls nknk dh tUeHkwfe
gksus ds dkj.k lEeku nsus dh Hkkouk ls ¼1933
esa½ egkRek xka/kh ckcbZ igq¡ps
FksA og leosr ladYi vHkh Hkh fo/kkulHkk
ds vfHkys[kksa esa dSn gS] D;ksafd mls veyh
tkek iguk;k gh ugha x;kA bl vogsyuk dh Vhl
ckcwth dks FkhA
ckcwth mu fojys O;fä;ksa esa ls Fks
ftUgsa vius Lusg Hkktuksa dh mUufr vkSj
lQyrk,¡ larks"k vkSj vkuan çnku
djrh FkhaA muds fo'kky ifjokj esa] muls
çsfjr&çksRlkfgr dbZ yksx
vyx&vyx fe'kuksa esa tqVs gq, FksA mudh
[kkst [kcj os cjkcj ysrs jgrsA
ckcwth ds tkus ls e/;çns'k ds i=dkfjrk
txr esa tks fjfä gqbZ] mldh HkjikbZ
gksuk laHko gh ugha FkkA ijUrq u'oj rks
mudh nsg Fkh] mudh dhfrZ vtj&vej gSA
mudh lh[ksa] ulhgrsa] vk'kh"ksa vkSj
-frRo çdk'k LraHk dh rjg gekjk iFk
vkyksfdr djrs jgsaxsA
fot;nÙk Jh/kj
laLFkkid&la;kstd
ek/kojko lçs Le`fr lekpkji=k laxzgky;
,oa 'kks/k laLFkku] Hkksiky ¼e-ç-½
462 003
eks- 94250 11467
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