29.03.1923 - 31.12.1994
 
 
 
 
 
Jh ek;kjke lqjtu---- ek;kjketh---- lqjtu th--- HkkbZ lk----] ckcwth----- ftrus lacks/ku] mrus fj'rs] lc fny ls] nSufUnu O;ogkj esa vuqHkwr ----- lPps vFkksaZ esa ,d cgqr cM+s ifjokj ds mrus gh cM+s fny okys eqf[k;kA ;gh Nfo mHkjrh gS tc&tc ckcwth dk Lej.k gksrk gS] tks ckjEckj gksrk gS] blfy, fd ;kn djus okyksa ds lkFk mudk xgjk lq[k&nq%[k dk ukrk cuk FkkA ?kj ds eqf[k;k dk ;gh rks dÙkZO; gksrk gS fd iwjs dqucs ds fy, lnSo fQØean jgsA dksbZ dqN dgs ;k u dgs ysfdu eqf[k;k lcds fy, lksprk jgs fd dc fdlds fy, D;k djuk gS\ dgk Hkh tkrk gS fd fj'rs cukuk vklku gksrk gS] mUgsa fuHkkuk dfBuA ijUrq ckcwth ml nqyZHk dksfV ds eqf[k;k Fks ftUgsa fj'rs fuHkkuk vkrk FkkA i=dkj txr esa cgqr cM+s yksx gq, gSa] ijUrq tks cM+Iiu ckcwth ds vkpkj&fopkj esa uSlfxZd :i ls lekfgr Fkk] oSlk vkSj fdlh esa ugha ns[kkA blhfy, vf/kdka'k cM+s yksx xqtjrs oä ds lkFk Hkqyk fn, tkrs gSa] ijUrq ckcwth dHkh Hkqyk, ugha tk ldsaxs] ges'kk ;kn fd, tk,¡xsA

ckcwth ls esjk laidZ lu 1973 esa gqvkA rc ^ns'kca/kq* lka/; nSfud ds :i esa tcyiqj ls çdkf'kr gksrk FkkA jk;iqj ls çkr:dkyhu laLdj.k fudyrk FkkA tokgjyky usg: -f"k fo'ofo|ky; tcyiqj esa ukSdjh djrk FkkA e/;çns'k yksd lsok vk;ksx ls jkT; ç'kklfud lsok ds fy, fyf[kr ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dj yh Fkh] lk{kkRdkj esa çrh{kk lwph esa uke 'kkfey Fkk] ijUrq bartkj [kRe gksrk ugha yx jgk FkkA rHkh ckcwth us ladsr fd;k fd ns'kca/kq dk Hkksiky laLdj.k çdkf'kr gksus okyk gSA vuqHko ds fygkt ls tcyiqj esa va'kdkfyd dk;kZjEHk djks] eu dks #ps rks iw.kZdkfyd i=kdkfjrk esa vk tkukA dqN le; ckn tcyiqj laLdj.k esa lwpuk Nih& lg laiknd pkfg,A laiknd dks vkosnu Hkst fn;kA yfyr th dk tokc vk;k& Jh jktsUæ vxzoky ls fey ysaA bl rjg ns'kca/kq ifjokj esa 'kkfey gks x;kA eghus esa ,dk/k ckj ckcwth tcyiqj vkrs Fks] dHkh&dHkkj ckr Hkh gks tk;k djrhA i=kdkfjrk vkSj lkekftd ljksdkjksa ds çfr -f"V dk laLdkj blh ls feykA tqykbZ 1974 esa Hkksiky ls ns'kca/kq dk çdk'ku 'kq: gqvkA ogk¡ eq[; :i ls laikndh; nkf;Ro fuHkkus okys Jh xaxkçlkn Bkdqj tcyiqj gksrs gq, Hkksiky x, FksA dqN fnuksa Bkdqj lkgc ds lkFk dke djrs gq, i=kdkfjrk dk vPNk çf'k{k.k feyk vkSj ikfjokfjd fj'rk Hkh dk;e gqvkA uoEcj& 1974 esa ckcwth dk vkns'k feyk& Hkksiky vk tkvks] lks tcyiqj NksMdj iw.kZdkfyd i=kdkfjrk esa jeus ds fy, Hkksiky vk x;kA ns'kca/kq lalk/kuksa dh -f"V ls NksVk ysfdu çfr"Bk dh -f"V ls cM+k v[kckj FkkA i=kdkfjrk ds ewY;ksa vkSj e;kZnkvksa dk /;ku j[kk tkrk FkkA v[kckj dh lHkh 'kk[kkvksa esa dke djus dk ekSdk feyrk FkkA çwQ i<us ij tksj fn;k tkrk FkkA dke esa ehu&es[k fudkyh tkrh Fkh] ysfdu fl[kkus ds utfj, ls] xyfr;ksa ls cpus ds utfj, lsA fy[kus dh iwjh Lora=krkA ckcwth T;knk le; Hkksiky esa jgus yxs Fks] lks yxkrkj laidZ cuk jgrkA mudk lkfUu/; vkSj ekxZn'kZu rFkk Bkdqj lkgc dk lkFk ------ ;gh xq#&nh{kk Hkkoh thou dk lEcy cuhA ckcwth dks i=kdkfjrk vkSj lkekftd ljksdkjksa dh 'kk'or fo|kihB dgw¡ rks vfr'k;ksfä ugha gksx

ckcwth ds lkfUu/; esa i=kdkfjrk ds dqN vfoLej.kh; çlax---

cSad oku MdSrh dkaM dk eqdnek fnYyh dh vnkyr esa py jgk FkkA Hkksiky ls vkjksfirksa dk ukrk FkkA LFkkuh; ikBdksa dh #fp dk /;ku j[krs gq, v¡xjsth i=k ls vuqokn djds ;gk¡ lekpkj fn;k tkrkA igyh lh[k feyh& ftl i=k ls [kcj mBkbZ gS] mldk mYys[k t:j djksA ,d fnu fnYyh ds fgUnh v[kckj vkSj ;gk¡ gekjs vuwfnr lekpkj ds ,d okD; esa vUrj idM+ esa vk;kA ckcwth us Vksd fn;k& vnkyrh ekeyksa esa [kcj nsrs le; T;knk lko/kkuh j[kuh pkfg,A geus v¡xjsth v[kckj fudkyk ¼;g Hkh ckcwth us gh fl[kk;k fd lanHkZ l¡Hkkydj j[kuk pkfg,½] vuqokn dh dkih fudkyh] fnYyh dk cM+k fgUnh i=k fudkyk vkSj 'kCndks'k dk Hkh lgkjk fy;kA tc ckcwth dks crk;k fd ns'kca/kq lgh gS rks os çlUu gq,] lgh vuqokn ds lkFk&lkFk ml Hkjksls ij tks gesa vius dke ij FkkA

lu 1975 dh 12 twu ---- ml fnu rRdkyhu dsUæh; ea=kh Mh-ih- /kj dk fu/ku gqvk] xqtjkr fo/kkulHkk pquko ds ifj.kke vk, tks dkaxzsl ds f[kykQ x,] ysfdu lcls cM+h vkSj egRoiw.kZ [kcj vkbZ bykgkckn gkbZdksVZ lsA Jh jktukjk;.k dh pquko ;kfpdk ij QSlyk lqukrs gq, bykgkckn gkbZdksVZ us ç/kkuea=kh Jherh bafnjk xka/kh dk jk;cjsyh ls yksdlHkk ds fy, fuokZpu voS/k djkj ns fn;kA Hkkjrh; jktuhfr esa rwQku epk nsus okyh bl [kcj dks fo'ks"k ifjf'k"V fudkydj tYn ls tYn ikBdksa rd igq¡pkuk pkfg,] ;g ckr u esjs Kku esa Fkh] u /;ku esaA nksigj esa çsl igq¡pk rks ,d vthc ruko okrkoj.k esa eglwl fd;kA lc ,MhVj dh est ij [kqn ckcwth cSBs gq, FksA laiknd HkkbZ jru dqekj VsyhfçaVj ls jksy dkV&dkV dj ns jgs FksA rc v¡xjsth lekpkj ,tsalh okys VsyhfçaVj ;w-,u-vkbZ- vFkok ih-Vh-vkbZ- ,tsalh ds gh v[kckjksa esa gksrs FksA ns'kca/kq us ;w-,u-vkbZ- dh lsok,¡ ys j[kh FkhaA VsyhfçaVj ls jksy dkVuk] muesa ls Nkius ds fy, [kcjsa pquuk] mudk v¡xjsth ls fgUnh esa vuqokn djuk] 'kh"kZd yxkuk vkSj dEiksftax dss fy, nsuk ¼gkFk ls Vkbi tekus okyh i)fr rc pyrh Fkh½] çwQ i<uk vkSj fQj ist yxokuk vFkkZr i`"B lTtkA bl iwjh dok;n ds fy, djhc pkj ?kaVs dk le; feyrk FkkA [kSj] ckcwth dh dke djus dh jrkj ns[kdj vpafHkr jg x;kA djhc vk/kk ?kaVs ckn ckcwth us fçaVj dkih ds fy, gkFk mBk;k tks mUgsa blfy, ugha feyh fd nwljh est ij eSaus dke 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA ckcwth us ,d ckj ?kwj dj gekjh vksj ns[kk] fQj ;g Hkk¡i dj fd eSa fLFkfr dk egRo le> pqdk gw¡ vkSj dke esa tqV x;k gw¡] eqLdjk fn,A ifjf'k"V Ni dj cktkj esa vk;k rks /kwe ep xbZA Hkksiky dks rqjUr bruh cM+h [kcj nsus okyk ^ns'kca/kq* vdsyk v[kckj FkkA dke iwjk gks tkus ds ckn ckcwth us ulhgr nh fd ,sls vlk/kkj.k voljksa ij fo'ks"k ifjf'k"V fudkyus dk D;k egRo gS\ rc v[kckj gh [kcjsa tkuus dk tfj;k FksA mUgksaus ;g Hkh ,glkl djk;k fd py jgs ?kVukpØ ds ckjs esa ltx cus jgus ls ekufld rS;kjh cuh jgrh gSA ckcwth dh lh[k tYnh gh fQj dke vk xbZ tc 25 twu dks ns'k ij vkikrdky Fkksi dj ckcw t;çdk'k ukjk;.k lesr reke foi{kh usrkvksa dks fxjrkj dj fy;k x;kA ml fnu Hkh vdsys ^ns'kca/kq* us ikBdksa rd lcls igys ;g [kcj igq¡pkbZ] fo'ks"k ifjf'k"V fudky djA blh ds rqjUr ckn iqfyl nLrksa dk çsl ij /kkok gqvk vkSj ns'k dks ,glkl djk fn;k x;k fd ukxfjd vktkfn;ksa ds fnu dkQwj gq,A vkfFkZd dfBukb;ksa ds dkj.k ^ns'kca/kq* Hkksiky dk çdk'ku ik¡posa lky esa Mxexkus yxk FkkA ckcwth ds ikl i=kdkjh dkS'ky Fkk] Lo;a ys[kuh ds /kuh Fks] ij /ku ugha FkkA bUgha gkykr esa 1979 esa Hkksiky laLdj.k can djuk iM+kA blds dqN ekg igys 'uoHkkjrÓ ds cqykus ij esjh i=kdkjh&;k=k dk nwljk pj.k gqvkA ^ns'kca/kq* dh iDdh uhao ls ^uoHkkjr* dh ikjh lQy gqbZA

ckcwth ds lkfUu/; esa dke djus ds dqN vkSj çsjd çlax gSaA 1975 esa fofn'kk esa e/;çns'k fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu dk vf/kos'ku gksuk FkkA njvly] ;g e`rçk; lEesyu dks iquthZfor djus dh xaHkhj igy FkhA Jh ek;kjke lqjtu v/;{k pqus x, FksA vf/kos'ku lQy jgk vkSj lEesyu dks xfr'khy cukus dh igy vkSj Hkh jax ykbZA ekfld ^foojf.kdk* fudkyh xbZ] ftldk laiknu djus dh ftEesnkjh Ng ekg esjs fgLls esa vkbZA lEesyu dh rS;kjh vkSj O;oLFkk ls tqMdj la;kstu&lapkyu fo"k;d dbZ ckrsa lh[kha] tks ckn esa cgqr dke vkbZaA

ukS tqykbZ 1976 dks e/;çns'k ds xk¡o&dLcksa esa i=dkfjrk djus okys vkapfyd i=dkjksa dks laxfBr djus] i=dkj ds :i esa muds -frRo dh ekU;rk] laj{k.k] çf'k{k.k vkSj çksRlkgu ds mís';ksa dks lkeus j[k dj ^e/;çns'k vkapfyd i=kdkj la?k* dh LFkkiuk dhA ckcwth dk ekxZn'kZu vkthou bl igy dks feyrk jgkA LFkkiuk lEesyu ls ysdj laxBu dh vf/kdka'k dk;Z'kkyk,¡ vkSj çf'k{k.k f'kfoj muds lkfUu/; ls lkFkZdrk çkIr djrs jgsA

e/;çns'k fganh xzaFk vdkneh ds fy, M‚- f'kodqekj voLFkh us ^e/;çns'k dh i=dkfjrk dk bfrgkl* fy[kus dk dke lkSaikA vyx&vyx vapy dk bfro`Ùk fHkUu&fHkUu i=dkjksa ls fy[kok;kA txg&txg tkdj lUnHkZ lw= ryk'ks vkSj laiknu fd;kA ikaMqfyfi ckcwth ls t¡pokbZ fQj çdk'ku ds fy, lkSaihA bl u;s vuqHko ds lkFk Hkh ckcwth dh lh[k vkSj vk'khokZn tqM+s jgsA

19 twu 1984] ek/kojko lçs Le`fr lekpkji= laxzgky; dh LFkkiuk ds fnu Hkh ckcwth gekjs lkFk Fks] vius O;kid vuqHko] fo'kn Kku] ;'kLoh -frRo vkSj lEeksgd O;fäRo dh lexz vkHkk ds lkFk* ljijLr dh Hkwfedk esaA mudh mifLFkfr gekjs fy, T;ksfr LraHk dk dke djrhA Hkksiky&;k=k esa os lçs laxzgky; t:j vkrsA iwjk C;kSjk ysrsA dfBukb;k¡ tkursA lek/kku lq>krsA futh laxzgksa dk irk nsrs ftudh ckSf)d /kjksgj gesa fey ldrh FkhA ;k=kvksa esa [kqn Hkh yksxksa dks ;gh lykg nsrs fd T;knk fnu iqjkus i=&if=dk&fdrkcsa futh rkSj ij cpk, ugha tk ldrsA lçs laxzgky; esa egQwt djk nksA os tc Hkh vkrs u;s laxzg.k esa ls dkbZ u dksbZ iqjkuk çdk'ku t:j i<+rsA lçs laxzgky; dk foLrkj vkSj fodkl ns[krs gq, mudh vk¡[kksa esa tks ped dkSa/krh] tks larqf"V çdV gksrh] mls ge vius dke ds fy, lcls egRoiw.kZ çek.k i= ekurs gSaA

pkj tqykbZ 1988 dks ^,d Hkkjrh; vkRek* nknk ek[kuyky prqosZnh dk 'krokf"kZdh lekjksg lçs laxzgky; us nknk dh tUeHkwfe ckcbZ esa euk;kA eq[; vfrfFk Fks Jh ek;kjke lqjtu] çks- egs'knÙk feJ] Jh c`tHkw"k.k prqosZnh ¼nknk ds vuqt½] çks- v{k; dqekj] HkkbZ jrudqekjA mlh fnu lcsjs e/;çns'k dh fo/kkulHkk us& lnu ds usrk Jh vtqZu flag] usrk çfri{k Jh dSyk'k tks'kh vkSj v/;{k Jh jktsUæ çlkn 'kqDy ds ek/;e ls iwjs çns'k dh Hkkouk,¡ eq[kj djrs gq, ladYi fy;k Fkk fd ml ckcbZ dk uke ^ek[kuuxj* gksxk] ftls nknk dh tUeHkwfe gksus ds dkj.k lEeku nsus dh Hkkouk ls ¼1933 esa½ egkRek xka/kh ckcbZ igq¡ps FksA og leosr ladYi vHkh Hkh fo/kkulHkk ds vfHkys[kksa esa dSn gS] D;ksafd mls veyh tkek iguk;k gh ugha x;kA bl vogsyuk dh Vhl ckcwth dks FkhA

ckcwth mu fojys O;fä;ksa esa ls Fks ftUgsa vius Lusg Hkktuksa dh mUufr vkSj lQyrk,¡ larks"k vkSj vkuan çnku djrh FkhaA muds fo'kky ifjokj esa] muls çsfjr&çksRlkfgr dbZ yksx vyx&vyx fe'kuksa esa tqVs gq, FksA mudh [kkst [kcj os cjkcj ysrs jgrsA

ckcwth ds tkus ls e/;çns'k ds i=dkfjrk txr esa tks fjfä gqbZ] mldh HkjikbZ gksuk laHko gh ugha FkkA ijUrq u'oj rks mudh nsg Fkh] mudh dhfrZ vtj&vej gSA mudh lh[ksa] ulhgrsa] vk'kh"ksa vkSj -frRo çdk'k LraHk dh rjg gekjk iFk vkyksfdr djrs jgsaxsA

fot;nÙk Jh/kj
laLFkkid&la;kstd
ek/kojko lçs Le`fr lekpkji=k laxzgky;
,oa 'kks/k laLFkku] Hkksiky ¼e-ç-½ 462 003
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