^dkSu] ek;kjke gSa D;k\^

^th iafMrth] eSa gh cksy jgk gwaA^

^rqe tYnh ls vt; dks ysdj vk tkvksA^

^iafMrth] vHkh\^

^gka HkkbZ vHkhA rqEgsa ç-fr dk ,d peRdkj fn[kkuk gSA^

jkr ds 11 cts ç-fr dk peRdkj\ tcyiqj ds nf{k.k flfoy ykbUl fLFkr esjs fuokl ls vt; pkSgku 5 fdyksehVj nwjA ogka ls 2 fdyksehVj ij ia- dqathyky nqcs dk fuoklA ysfdu vkSj dksbZ xqtkjk Hkh ughaA ia- dqathyky nqcs cqyk,a vkSj eSa u tkÅa] ;g rks laHko gh ugha FkkA muhans& vylk;s ge yksx jkr dks 11-30 cts nqcsth ds fuokl ij igqapsA gekjh çrh{kk esa os cjkens esa gh pgydneh dj jgs FksA gesa ns[krs gh xnxn gks x;sA 'pyks rqEgsa oks pht fn[kk,a fd dHkh ns[kh u gksxhAÓge nksuksa gh ;a=or~ muds ihNs gks fy,A os cxhps esa ys x,A ,d xeyk crk;kA

^ns[kks] dqN fn[k jgk gS\^ mUgksaus cgqr mRlkg ls iwNkA

^th iafMrthA^ geus leosr Loj esa dgkA okLrfodrk ;g Fkh fd gekjh le> esa dqN ugha vk;k FkkA

^ns[kk rqeusA bl ikSèks dks yxk, nks lky gks x,A ;g igyk Qwy f[kyk gSA^ mUgksaus ikSèks dk uke crk;k vkSj ,d miyfCèk dh eqæk esa uotkr çlwu ij xoZ ls utj MkyhA dqN vk'p;Z vkSj dqN ftKklk dk çn'kZu djrs gq, geus iafMr th dh gka esa gka feykbZA vk'p;Z blfy, fd vHkh Hkh ;g jgL; gekjs iYys ugha iM+k FkkA gka esa gka ;ksa feyk;h fd vkf[kj 11-30 cts cqyk, tkus dk iafMrth dk earO; iwjk gksuk pkfg, vkSj] ftKklk blfy, fd iafMrth viuh miyfCèk dh O;k[;k djsaA os mRlkfgr gq,A gekjs vKku ij rjl vk;kA fQj crk;k fd ';g ikSèkk vius thou esa dsoy ,d ckj gh Qwy nsrk gSA og Hkh flQZ ,dA ge nks lky ls bldh çrh{kk dj jgs FksAÓ nqcsth us fo"kn O;k[;k dhA
Qwy okdbZ lqUnj FkkA og ikSèks dh f'k[kk ij çLQqfVr gqvk FkkA Hkhuh& Hkhuh lqxaèkA dqN& dqN jtuh xaèkk dh rjgA ge yksxksa us Hkh ç'kalk dhA vkèkh jkr dks Hkh iafM+rth us fcuk tyiku djk, ykSVus ugha fn;kA tc pyus yxs rks eSaus èkhjs ls dgk] 'ge rks le>s Fks fd dksbZ fo'ks"k ckr gS tks vkius bl oä cqyk;kA ;g Qwy rks lqcg Hkh ns[k ldrs FksA^

^vjs& vjs] rqe ugha le>rsA lqcg rks ;g eqj>k tk,xkA^ nqcs th us gekjs vKku dk lekèkku fd;kA vaxzsth esa crk, x, ml ikSèks dk rks vc uke Hkh ;kn ugha jgkA

vius vki esa ;g dksbZ egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk ugha gSA 1960 dh bl ckr dks rks vc 27 lky gks x,A ;fn ;g ;kn gS rks flQZ blfy, fd iafMr dqathyky nqcs eq>ls fdruk Lusg djrs FksA

u,& iqjkus eè;çns'k dh jktuhfr ls FkksM+k cgqr ifjp; j[kus okys yksx vHkh ia- dqathyky nqcs dk uke Hkwys u gksaxsA nksuksa gh jkT;ksa esa nqcs th 15 o"kZ rd foèkkulHkk vè;{k jgs rFkk nks o"kZ rd ia- }kjdkçlkn feJ ,oa ckn esa Jh ';kekpj.k 'kqDy ds eaf=eaMy esa foÙk ea=h Hkh gq,A

ia- dqathyky nqcs ls ;ksa rks esjk çxk<+ ifjp; 1950 esa gh gqvk ijUrq eSaus mUgsa igyh ckj ns[kk 1939 esaA ekpZ 1939 esa f=iqjh ¼tcyiqj½ esa dkaxzsl dk egkfèkos'ku vk;ksftr FkkA bl vfèkos'ku ds Lokxrkè;{k egkdks'ky çns'k dkaxzsl desVh ds vè;{k ckcw xksfoUnnkl th Fks rFkk egklfpo ia- dqathyky nqcsA f=iqjh vfèkos'ku vius vki esa gh vfoLej.kh; gSA egkRekxkaèkh ds mEehnokj M‚- iêkfHk lhrk jeS;k dks ijkftr dj ckcw lqHkk"kpaæ cksl vèk;{k fuokZfpr gq, FksA ;ksa rks eSa uosa ntZs dk fo|kFkÊ Fkk ysfdu ,d rks jktuhfr esa FkksM+h #fp vkSj fiifj;k ls tcyiqj djhc gksus ds dkj.k mRlqdrko'k eSa Hkh bl vfèkos'ku esa igqap x;k FkkA 1939 esa foÜo;q) ds ckny cgqr lkQ utj vkus yxs FksA blfy, Hkh f=iqjh vfèkos'ku egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk LFky cu x;k FkkA [kSjA ;g rks bfrgkl dh ckr gks x;hA iafMrth dks ns[kus dk volj vk x;k] vpkud ckfj'k gks tkus ds dkj.kA ikuh rks ?kaVs vkèkk ?kaVs gh cjlk fdUrq ftu rEcqvksa esa ge yksx Bgjk, x, Fks] <yku ij gksus ds dkj.k ogka ikuh gh ikuh gks x;kA çfrfufèk;ksa dh vlqfoèkk dk [;ky djrs gq, Lokxr lfefr ds inkfèkdkjh ty çHkkfor rEcqvksa esa jkgr dk;Z ds fy, igqapsA la;ksxo'k ge yksx ia- dqathyky nqcs ds fgLls esa vk,A mUgksaus cgqr vkReh;rk ls gekjh dfBukbZ dk vuqHko dj gesa vfèkd lqjf{kr LFkkuksa ij igqapk;kA ;g rks lkekU; nkf;Ro fuokZg gh gksrk fdUrq nqcsth dh lân;rk ;g Fkh] fd os Lo;a nkSM+s x,] Lo;alsodksa dks cqykdj yk;s rFkk ge yksxksa ds fy, vks<u+s& fcNkus ds diM+ksa dh iwjh O;oLFkk ns[khA eSa rks nqcsth dks D;k igpku ikrkA dksbZ t:jr Hkh ugha FkhA gekjs {ks= ds foèkk;d yky vtZquflag ds }kjk gh muds uke vkSj in ls ifjp; gqvkA

ckr vk;h x;h gks x;hA 1940 esa eSa i<+kbZ tkjh j[kus ds fy, tcyiqj vk x;kA mlh o"kZ jkcVZlu d‚yst ¼vc egkdks'ky egkfo|ky;½ dk okf"kZdksRlo FkkA lks'ky xsnfjax ds eq[; vfrfFk Fks M‚- jkèkk-".ku dks igyh ckj ns[kk lqukA mlds i'pkr~ lkaL-frd dk;ZØeA jkcVZlu d‚yst ds iwoZ Nk=ksa us ,d çglu çLrqr fd;kA vfHku; djus okyksa esa tks uke eq>s ;kn vk jgs gSa os gSa ia- dqathyky nqcs] ia- Hkokuhçlkn frokjh vkSj Jh c`teksgu nhf{krA ik= rks vkSj Hkh dqN yksx FksA lHkh f'k[k.MhA mUgha dk jkT;A iq#"kksa dk ços'k oftZrA f'k[kf.M;ksa ds jktk dk vfHku; dj jgs Fks ia- dqathyky nqcsA

1939 esa dkaxzsl ds Lokxr lfpo dqathyky th vkSj 1940 esa jkcVZlu ds iwoZ fo|kFkÊ dqathykyth dks nks vyx Hkwfedkvksa esa ns[kdj esjk fd'kksj eu vpafHkr jg x;kA dgka ,d xq#rj ftEesnkjh dk pqLr nq#Lr uk;d vkSj dgka f'k[kf.M;ksa dk jktkA tc ukVd ds ik= leosr Loj esa 'jktk ykyeu dh t;Ó dk mn~?kks"k djrs] nqcsth vius 'kjhj ds çR;sd tksM+ dks iwjh pVd&eVd ds lkFk dqN bl rjg eVdkrs fd dksbZ f'k[k.Mh Hkh cyk,a ys ysA nqcsth dh og 'jktk ykyeuÓ dh gko&Hkkoiw.kZ eqæk iwjh dksf'k'kksa ds ckotwn esjh Le`fr ls dHkh mrj ugha ikbZA ;g vLokHkkfod Hkh ugha gSA fd'kksjkoLFkk dh Le`fr;ka dgha cgqr xgjs iSB tkrh gSaA

1946 esa rRdkyhu eè;çns'k foèkkulHkk esa dqathykyth foèkk;d fuokZfpr gq,A eq[;ea=h ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy us mUgsa eq[; lalnh; lfpo fu;qä fd;kA ç'kkldh; -f"V ls nqcsth dks çFke fuokZpu ds lkFk gh in fn;k tkuk dqN de egRoiw.kZ ugha FkkA mu fnuksa jkT;ea=h ;k miea=h tSls inksa dk pyu ugha FkkA nqcsth ds ,d vxzt Fks Mka- cyhjke nqcsA ukxiqj esa mudk vyx BkB FkkA is'ks esa Hkh vkSj jktuhfr esa HkhA M‚- nqcs dh jktuSfrd xfrfofèk;ksa ds dkj.k muesa rFkk x`gea=h M‚- }kjdkçlkn feJ esa dkQh erHksn gks x,A bu erHksnksa dk vlj ia- dqathyky ij Hkh iM+kA vius vxzt ds çfr os brus lefiZr Fks fd u rks mUgsa jktuhfr ls nwj jgus dk ijke'kZ ns ldrs Fks vkSj u Lo;a gh feJth ds lkeus >qdus dks rS;kj FksA urhtru nqcsth us ,d nks vU; lalnh; lfpo ds lkFk vius in ls R;kxi= ns fn;kA R;kxi= nsus okyksa esa nwljs çeq[k lalnh; lfpo Fks jk;iqj ds M‚-[kwcpan c?ksy

1945 esa eSa uo&Hkkjr ukxiqj esa dke djus yxk FkkA jktuhfr esa igys ls gh FkksM+k n[kyA v[kckj ls tqM+ tkus ij mls foLrkj feykA ia- nqcsth ukxiqj foÜofo|ky; ds dqyifr Hkh fuokZfpr gks x;sA esjk muds ;gka FkksM+k cgqr vkuk tkuk gksus yxkA fQj Hkh ;g ek= vkSipkfjd ifjp; FkkA mldh okLrfod 'kq#vkr rks gqbZ 1950 esa gh tc uo&Hkkjr dk ,d laLdj.k çkjaHk djus esjk LFkkukarj.k tcyiqj gks x;kA 1950 esa tks uhao iM+h og 1972 esa nqcsth ds fuèku ds le; oVo`{k dk :i ys pqdh FkhA 1950 rd tcyiqj ls ,dek= nSfud 't;fgUnÓ dk çdk'ku gksrk FkkA ckcw xksfoUnnkl th ds fu;a=.k esa çdkf'kr ;g i= tcyiqj ds vU; jktuhfrKksa dh vkdka{kkvksa dk lekèkku çdkf'kr ;g i= tcyiqj ds vU; jktuhfrKksa dh vkdka{kkvksa dk lekèkku ugha dj ikrk FkkA 1952 esa ckcw txeksgunklth ds foèkk;d fuokZfpr gks tkus ij rks jgk&lgk leFkZu Hkh lekIr gks x;kA vr: uo&Hkkjr ds tcyiqj laLdj.k ls og rcdk tqM+ x;k tks vius vkidks 't;fgUnÓ ls misf{kr eglwl djrk FkkA ia- dqathyky nqcs muesa ls ,d FksA rc ;g LokHkkfod gh Fkk fd uo&Hkkjr ds lkFk gh eSa Hkh nqcsth ds djhc vk tkÅaA

1952 esa ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy }kjk xfBr fd, tkus okys eaf=eaMy ia- }kjdkçlkn feJ dk LFkku fjä gks x;k FkkA os 1951 esa dkaxzsl ls vyx gks x, FksA rc uo&Hkkjr ds pkj ofj"B foèkk;d dkaxzsltuksa ds eaf=eaMy esa 'kkfey fd, tkus dh igy dhA fonHkZ ls fcztykyth fc;k.kh] ukxiqj ls Jh ek-lk- dUueokj rFkk egkdks'ky ls ia-dqathyky nqcs ,oa Jh dk'khçlkn ik.MsA dUueokjth dks 'kqDy th us fcuk fdlh ghys gokys ds eaf=eaMy esa j[kus dk fu'p; dj fy;k Fkk] 'ks"k rhu ukeksa ds fy, eSa fnYyh Hkstk x;kA dkaxzsl ds egklfpo Jh Jh eUukukjk;.k vxzoky dk eSa ikap o"kZ rd fo|kFkÊ jgk FkkA cfYd ;g dguk vfèkd Bhd gksxk] fd fç; fo|kFkÊ jgk FkkA ekSykuk vktkn ds ijke'kZ ls eaf=eaMy dh lwph esa fc;k.khth dk uke tksM+ fy;k x;kA Jh dk'khçlkn ikaMs ds fy, u Jheuwth us dksbZ mRlkg fn[kk;k u 'kqDyth us gkykafd os 1923 ls yxkrkj foèkk;d jgs FksA nqcsth ds ekeys esa 'kqDyth dk 1946 dk iwokZxzg ckèkd gks jgk FkkA la;ksxo'k iwoZ foèkkulHkkè;{k Jh ?ku';ke flag xqIr dks bl ckj dkaxzsl dk fVdV u fn, tkus ds dkj.k foèkkulHkk vè;{k dh ryk'k gqbZ rFkk JheUth ds vkxzg ij 'kqDy th us nqcs th dks vè;{k cukus dh lgefr ns nhA lp rks ;g gS fd nqcsth ds fy, T;knk fdlh ç;Ru dh vko';drk ugha FkhA nqcsth ukxiqj foÜofo|ky; ds dqyifr Fks vkSj JheUth oèkkZ ds lsDlfj;k d‚yst ds çkpk;Z jg pqds FksA nksuksa Lokèkhurk laxzke ds lkFkh Hkh jgsA Jheu~ th Lo;a gh nqcsth ds fy, ç;kljr FksA fQj Hkh viuh NksVh&eksVh dksf'k'k us eq>s nqcsth dk fç; cuk fn;kA

foèkkulHkkè;{k ds lkFk gh ukxiqj foÜofo|ky; ds dqyifr jgus ds dkj.k nqcsth T;knkrj ukxiqj esa jgus yxsA eSa tcyiqj esaA os tc dHkh tcyiqj vkrs u dsoy eq>s cqykrs oju~ ;Fkklqfoèkk uo&Hkkjr esa Hkh vk tkrsA oLrqr: eSa vpkud chekj iM+ x;kA dqN M‚DVjksa us bls gkVZvVSd dgk rks dqN us uoZl czsdMkmuA mu fnuksa fodflr fpfdRlk i)fr ds pj.k tcyiqj rd ugha igqaps FksA ekewyh bZlhth dh lqfoèkk rd ogka ugha FkhA eq>s cacbZ vkuk iM+kA M‚DVj ds-ds- nkars us dkjksujh LikTe ?kksf"kr dj fn;kA eSa LokHkkfodr: fpUrk esa Fkk] fd nqcsth tcyiqj vk;s vkSj ukxiqj ys pyus dh ftn djus yxsA eSa LoLFk gks jgk FkkA ijUrq os ekus ughaA ipe<+h tkus dk dk;ZØe LFkfxr dj ukxiqj ys x;sA vius vxzt M‚- cyqjke nqcs ls tkap djkbZ] ftruh nok,a M‚- nqcs ds ikl miyCèk Fkha os mBok nha vkSj 'ks"k cktkj ls eaxk nhaA nqcsth dk Lusg rks eSa le> ldrk Fkk ysfdu MkDVj nqcs us ftl vkReh;rk ls esjk ijh{k.k fd;k og eSa Hkwy ugha ldrkA jktk tehankjksa vkSj laiUu yksxksa dh fpfdRlk djus okys M‚- nqcs ls ckr djus dh fgEer Hkh de yksxksa dh gksrh FkhA eSa Hkh ladksp esa nck tk jgk FkkA 'kk;n mUgksaus bls Hkkai fy;kA esjs firk dh vk;q ds M‚- nqcs ds ;s 'kCn eq>s Hkqyk, ugha Hkwyrs] ';w vkj ykbd ekbZ luA dqatw gst chu Vsfuax eh OgkV ;w gso Mu Qkj fgeA oh vkj xzsVQwyA ¼rqe esjs iq=or~ gksA½ dqatw ¼ia- dqathyky nqcs dks os blh uke ls iqdkjrs Fks½ eq>s crkrk jgrk gS fd rqeus mlds fy, D;k fd;k gSA ge rqEgkjs vkHkkjh gSa½ eSa u rks M‚- nqcs tSls gsdM+] vkRekfHkekuh O;fä ls bu 'kCnksa dh vk'kk djrk Fkk vkSj u iafMrth ls fd os vius vxzt ls esjs lacaèk esa ,sls fopkj O;ä djrs jgrs gSaA eSa bl vkHkkj ls flgjdj ilhuk& ilhuk gks x;kA rhu fnu rd esjk ijh{k.k pyrk jgkA rc rd nqcs th Hkh ukxiqj esa gh jgsA os vkÜoLr gksdj ipe<+h pys x,A 15 fnuksa rd ukxiqj ls esjh fpfdRlk bl rjg gksrh jgh fd ?kj dk gh dksbZ vkReh; chekj gSA batsD'ku yxokus ds fy, Hkh eaS vU; MkDVj ds ;gka ugha tk ldrk FkkA M‚- nqcs ds lg;ksxh gh ;g dke djrs FksA M‚- nqcs ls ifjfpr esjs fe=ksa ds fy, ;g O;ogkj vçR;kf'kr gh FkkA iafMrth dh bl mnkjrk us esjh J)k nqxquh dj nhA

uoEcj 1956 esa u, eè;çns'k dk xBu gks x;kA uoHkkjr ds u, laLdj.k ds fy, esjk LFkkukarj.k tcyiqj ls Hkksiky dj fn;k x;kA nqcs th vc ukxiqj foÜofo|ky; ds dqyifr rks ugha Fks] fdUrq foèkkulHkkè;{k cus jgsA os Hkh Hkksiky vk x;sA u, çns'k dh u;h jktuhfrA u,& u, psgjksa ls ifjp; vkSj oSlh gh jktuSfrd my>usa HkhA nqcsth ls esjk feyuk tqyuk c<+ x;kA

u, jkT; ds xBu ds lkFk gh eè;çns'k fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu dk iquxZBu Hkh t:jh gks x;kA iqjkus eè;çns'k lEesyu ds vè;{k Jh fcztyky th fc.kk;h egkjk"Vª& xqtjkr ,dh-r cacbZ çns'k ds fuoklh gks x,A u, jkT; ds lEesyu dk vè;{k dkSu gks] ;g [kkst 'kq: gks x;hA vè;{k rks cgqr fey tkrs] ç'u ;g Fkk fd lHkh bdkb;ksa dks lqxfBr j[kus ds fy, dksbZ otunkj O;fäRo pkfg, lkfgR; l`tu ls lhèks tqM+s u jgus ds ckotwn dqathykyth lcls mi;qä O;fä tku iM+sA lkfgR; esa mudh vPNh [kklh vfHk#fp FkhA 'ksjks& 'kk;jh ;k dkO; ppkZ dk çlax vk tk, rks nqcsth vckèk xfr ls xty] 'ksj] dfork,a lquk ldrs FksA eSaus mudk uke çLrkfor fd;kA os u, eè;çns'k fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu ds loZlEefr ls igys vè;{k fuokZfpr gq,A

ia- dqathyky nqcs dks tc eSaus fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu dk vè;{k fuokZfpr gksus dh [kcj nh rks os vk'p;Zpfdr jg x,& ^vjs] ;s rqeus D;k fd;k\^

^iafMrth] u, jkT; esa pkjksa bdkb;ksa dk iquxZBu fookn jfgr gksxk t:jh FkkA vkids uke ij ,dersu lgefr gks x;hA^

^oks rks Bhd gSA ge dgka& dgka ns[ksaxsA vc rqedks gh lc laHkkyuk gSA cnukeh ugha gksuh pkfg,AÓ mUgksaus psrkouh nhA

iafMrth pkgrs Fks fd lEesyu esa eSa mudk egklfpo jgwaA mUgksaus rFkk M‚- cYnso çlkn th feJ us esjs fuokl ij ièkkjdj vkns'k fn;kA ijUrq ;g laHko ugha gqvkA lEesyu ds vfèkos'ku ds ,dkèk ekg ds Hkhrj gh eSaa uo&Hkkjr ls i`Fkd gksdj jk;iqj vk x;kA Hkksiky esa nqcs th ds çHkko dk mi;ksx dj lEesyu dk Hkou cukus dh ;kstuk Hkh èkjh jg x;hA eq>s v[kckj tekus dh eqlhcrksa ls Qqjlr ugha feyhA lEesyu dk egklfpo gksuk eSa Lohdkj u dj ldkA ;fn mu fnuksa nqcsth dks lfØ; fd;k tk ldrk rks cgqr dke gks ldrk FkkA

1957 esa vke pquko gq,A nqcsth iqu: tcyiqj ls foèkk;d fuokZfpr gq,A ,d ckj eSaus fQj dksf'k'k dh] fd os rFkk Jhdk'kh çlkn ikaMs eaf=eaMy esa 'kkfey fd, tk,aA ;g ladYi ysdj eSa eq[;ea=h M‚- dSyk'kukFk dkVtw ds lkFk fnYyh rd mM+kA dkaxzsl ds egklfpo Jh eUukjk;.k vxzoky ls iqu: vkxzg fd;kA ysfdu lQyrk ugha feyhA M‚DVj dkVtw us r; dj fy;k Fkk fd os ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy dh Vhe dks T;ksa dk R;ksa pyus nsaxsA u, jkT; esa os dksbZ tksf[ke ugha ysuk pkgrs FksA blh fopkj ls os dqathyky dks foèkkulHkkè;{k in ij gh cus jgus nsuk pkgrs FksA dqN fnuksa ckn gh tcyiqj esa foÜofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA M‚DVj dkVtw us eq>s cqykdj viuk fu.kZ; lquk;k fd os nqcsth dks tcyiqj foÜofo|ky; dk laLFkkid dqyifr fu;qä djuk pkgrs gSaA foÜofo|ky;ksa esa ekulsoh dqyifr;ksa ds fuokZpu dh çFkk lekIr gks pqdh FkhA vc oSrfud fu;qfä;ksa dk çkoèkku gks x;k FkkA nqcsth osru ysus dks lger ugha gq,A eSa 9 o"kZ rd ukxiqj dk dqyifr jgk gwaA osru& HkÙkk fy;k ughaA D;k vc vius uxj ds foÜofo|ky; esa osruHkksxh dqyifr cuwaxkA bl leL;k dk Hkh lekèkku fd;k x;kA foÜofo|ky; vfèkfu;e esa la'kksèku fd;k x;k fd laLFkkid dqyifr osru u ysuk pkgsa rks ;g mudh bPNk ij NksM+ fn;k tk,A nqcsth igys nks o"kZ ds fy, dqyifr fu;qä fd, x,A mudk dk;Zdky nks o"kZ ds fy, vkSj c<+k;k x;kA bl vofèk esa mUgksaus foÜofo|ky; Hkou vkfn dk fuekZ.k dj mls ,d xfr çnku dhA

nqcsth tcyiqj dks ,d vkn'kZ foÜofo|ky; ds :i esa fodflr djuk pkgrs FksA fo}kuksa dk vknj djus esa mudh cjkcjh ds yksxksa dh la[;k FkksM+h gh gksxhA tcyiqj ds bfrgkl foHkkx esa M‚- ,p-,u- flUgk] lekt'kkL= esa M‚- dsoy eksVokuh] çkP; bfrgkl esa M‚- jktcyh ikaMs] fgUnh esa M‚- mn;ukjk;.k frokjh] vaxzsth esa M‚- ts-,u- lsuxqIr] ikyhlaL-r esa M‚- ghjkyky tSu vkfn varjkZ"Vªh; [;kfr ds fo}kuksa dh fu;qfä dj mUgksaus 'kS'kodky esa gh foÜofo|ky; dks ,d çkS<+ laLFkk dk :i ns fn;kA

çns'k ds tkus& ekus odhyksa esa nqcs th dh fxurh gksrh FkhA foèkkulHkk rFkk dqyifr ds muds vuqHko us mUgsa ,d dq'ky lHkk lapkyd cuk fn;k FkkA eq>s ;kn ugha vkrk fd foÜofo|ky; dksVZ ;k ,DthD;wfVo dkSafly dh dksbZ cSBd 2&3 ?kaVs ls vfèkd pyh gksA mudks lcdk lEeku rks çkIr Fkk gh] Rofjr fu.kZ; ysus dh muesa vn~Hkqr {kerk FkhA blhfy;s os fdlh Hkh cSBd dks tYnh lesVus esa lQy jgrs FksA foÜofo|ky;hu Lrj ij fgUnh rFkk {ks=h; Hkk"kkvksa esa ikBî iqLrdsa rS;kj djkus esa nqcsth dk uke y[kuÅ foÜofo|ky; ds dqyifr vkpk;Z ujsUænso ds led{k j[kk tk ldrk gSA

1967 esa nqcsth iqu: foèkk;d cusA ia- }kjdkçlkn feJ mUgsa eaf=eaMy esa 'kkfey djuk pkgrs FksA nqcsth ds vfèkdka'k eqofDdy ;k rks vukt O;kikjh Fks ;k ljkZQA mUgksaus nqcsth dks çsj.kk nh fd os vukt rFkk ukxj vkiwfrZ vFkok okf.kT; tSlk dksbZ foHkkx ysaA os lger Hkh gks x;sA mUgksaus viuk ;g fopkj eq>ls çdV fd;kA os pkgrs Fks fd eSa feJth ls ml lacaèk esa ckr d:aA eSa FkksM+k fpafrr gqvkA odhy& eqofDdy ds lacaèk vyx ckr gSa] ea=h& O;kikjh ds vyxA nqcsth ds çfr vknj Hkkouk ds dkj.k eSaus mudk lhèkk fojksèk rks ugha fd;k ijUrq lykg nh fd os f'k{kk rFkk fofèk foHkkx ysaA ;gh mudk dk;Z{ks= Hkh jgk gSA O;kikj tSls foHkkx esa tekus Hkj dh csbZekuh gksrh gSA O;kikjh viuk dke djk,axs vkSj cnukeh mudh gksxhA ;g lykg mUgsa tap x;hA os mRlkfgr gksdj cksys] 'Bhd dgrs gksA vc ftanxh ds vkf[kjh fnuksa esa D;k cnukeh eksy ysaxs\^

de yksx tkurs gksaxs fd nqcsth fczt [ksyus ds cgqr 'kkSdhu FksA eq>s Hkh ml le; ekywe gqvk tc ubZ nqfu;k bankSj ds lapkyd Jh ujsUæ frokjh us eq>ls dgk] ';kj] ek;kjke th] ,d ckj nqcsth ds lkFk fczt [ksyus dh reUuk gSAÓ eq>s lpeqp vk'p;Z gqvkA eSa rks mudks cgqr lgt& ljy O;fä ds :i esa tkurk FkkA ;g frokjhth ls gh ekywe gqvk fd fczt [ksyus esa nqcsth tSls iVq f[kykM+h ls eqf'dy ls eqdkcyk gksrk gSA

nqcsth dk vkfrF; Hkh cgqr çfl) FkkA vPNh feBkb;ksa dk mUgsa cgqr 'kkSd FkkA tc dHkh tcyiqj& Hkksiky ds chp muds lkFk vkuk& tkuk gqvk] lkxj dh rhu cÙkh ij tSu fe"Bku HkaMkj esa fpjkSth dh cjQh [kkus dk volj os ugha NksM+rs FksA chp cktkj frjkgs ij lkekU; ukxfjd dh rjg vkpj.k dj os çlUurk dk vuqHko djrs FksA esjs dk;kZy; esa gksyh ds fnu clarksRlo ij t:j mifLFkr gksrsA tc Jh çlUu dqekj Bkdqj mudh pky& <ky] cfr;kus ds rkSj& rjhds dh lVhd udy mrkjrs rks os th [kksydj galus esa lcds lkFk gksrs FksA dHkh& dHkh rks os Bkdqj ls ftn djrs] ^ih- ds-] ,d ckj tjk vkSj rks udy mrkjks gekjhA^

cM+s yksxksa ds odhy gksus ij Hkh nqcsth laxzg o`fÙk ugha viuk ldsA 1967 esa eSaus igyh ckj eglwl fd;k fd os Hk;adj vFkkZHkko ls xqtj jgs gSaA feJ eaf=eaMy fxj tkus ds ckn mudh vk; dk lzksr dsoy foèkk;dksa dks feyus okyk HkÙkk jg x;kA brus ls xqtkjk ugha gks ldrk FkkA ,d fnu mUgksaus eq>s cqykdj dgk fd 'tjk c`tyky oekZ ls ckr djks u fd os iafMr ¼nqcs th ds T;s"B iq= Jh ds-ds- nqcs tks ckn essa rks gkbZdksVZ tt Hkh gq,½ dks ljdkjh ,MoksdsV fu;qä dj nsaA blls ?kj dk [kpkZ rks Bhd& Bkd pyus yxsxkA^ Jh c`tyky oekZ rFkk lafon ljdkj esa fofèk ea=h FksA tcyiqj esa muds vius flQkfj'kh mEehnokj FksA eaSus muls ckr dhA ¼bZÜoj mudh vkRek dks 'kkafr ns½ nqcsth dh vko';drk ls voxr djk;kA os Hkh vpaHks esa iM+ x,A fdUrq lgh tkudkjh feyus ij mUgksaus ;g dke dj fn;kA

1970 esa lafon ljdkj dk iru gks x;kA ia- }kjdkçlkn feJ ds dgus ls nqcsth dkaxzsl foèkk;d ny ds usrk in ds mEehnokj gks x,A muds eqdkcys esa Jh ';kekpj.k 'kqDy FksA tc ;g lekpkj VsyhfçaVj ij vk;k rks eSa jk;iqj ls Hkksiky nkSM+kA eSaus iafMrth dk le>k;k fd 'foèkk;dksa esa viuk i{k detksj gSA ';kekpj.k th dkQh igys ls esytksy dj jgs gSaA vkidh ijkt; lqfuf'pr gSA^

^,slk dSls gks ldrk gSA feJth esjk leFkZu dj jgs gSaA foèkk;d feJth dh ckr lqusaxs fd ';ke dhA^

^vkidks Hkze gS iafMrthA feJth vkidk leFkZu ugha dj jgsA os rks fnYyh esa cSBs gSaA^

^rks D;k gqvk\ og th-Vh- ls vk jgs gSaA vkrs gh og reke foèkk;dksa dks rkdhn dj nsaxsA^

^iafMrth] feJth ugha vk jgs gSaA ve`rlj ,Dl- ls vkus dh mudh [kcj vk x;h gSA dgrs gSa th-Vh- esa txg ugha feyhA ve`rlj ,Dl- 12 cts vk,xh vkSj 3 cts foèkk;d ny dh cSBd gSA vki vkSj lksp yhft,A vHkh Hkh uke okil ysus dk le; gSA

ysfdu nqcsth ij esjh lykg dk dksbZ vlj ugha gqvkA pquko ifj.kke ls eSa ifjfpr FkkA f[kUu gksdj jkr dh Vªsu ls tcyiqj pyk vk;kA nwljs fnu 3 cts gksus okyh cSBd feJth dh Vªsu ysV gks tkus ds dkj.k 'kke dks 8 cts gqbZA VsyhfçaVj ij [kcj vk x;h fd ';kekpj.k 'kqDy fot;h jgsA nqcsth ds leFkZdksa esa ek;wlh Nk x;hA M‚- jktcyh ikaMs ¼dqyifr tcyiqj foÜofo|ky;½ ,d çksQslj dks ysdj esjs ;gka vk;sA os cgqr nq[kh Fks fd nqcsth tSlk ofj"B O;fä ';kekpj.kth ls gkj x;kA mUgksaus jktuhfr dh ek;k ij [ksn O;ä fd;kA tkus eq>s D;k lw>k fd eSaus dg fn;k] 'vki yksx mnkl u gksaA nqcsth dy eaf=eaMy esa 'kkfey gks tk,axsAÓ M‚- jktcyh ikaMs rFkk muds lkFkh tSls mf}Xu gks mBsA 'D;k vki ;g dguk pkgrs gSa fd nqcsth 'kqDyth ds varxZr ea=h in Lohdkj djsaxsA^

^thA^ eSaus laf{kIr mÙkj fn;kA

^vki dSlh ckr djrs gSaA nqcsth ds eku lEeku dk [;ky rks dhft,A^

^ukbZ& ukbZ cky fdrus\ dy lqcg lkeus vk tk,axsA vki yksx nqcsth ls ifjfpr gSa] mudh vko';drkvksa ls ughaA^

eSaus bu yksxksa dks nqcsth dh dfBukbZ;ksa ls voxr djk;kA ij os foÜokl u dj ldsA nwljs fnu nqcsth 'kqDyth ds foÙkea=h gks x,A

eSa fQj Hkksiky x;kA lhèkk nqcsth ds ogka gh igqapkA eSa ueLdkj d:a] mlds igys gh os cksy iM+s&

^ek;kjke rqe Bhd dgrs FksA feJth us lPps eu ls lkFk ugha fn;kA^

iafMrth] ;g rks gks x;kA ysfdu ea=h cuus ds fy, vkius feJth dh jk; ys yh Fkh\

^ughaA D;k t:jr Fkh\^

^t:jr rks ughaA dgha feJth xkaB u ckaèk ysaA^

iafMrth ,dne mÙksftr gks x;s

^ckaèk ysa xkaBA iwNrs] vkSj uk gha dj nsrk rks---A^

eSa ,dne gydk gks x;kA oSls gh ewM+ esa dgk] ^vkius ;g vPNk fd;kA O;FkZ dh >a>V gks tkrhA^

^';ke esjs ikl vk;sA cksys vkidks 'kiFk ysuk gSA vkids tSls ofj"B ea=h ls eaf=eaMy dks çfr"Bk feysxhA vc crkvks] dSls ukgha djrk\^

esjk eqag ehBk djkus ds fy, nqcsth us feBkbZ eaxokbZA fQj ,dne iqjkuh ;knksa esa [kks x;sA mudh vka[ksa McMck vk;ha&

^vc rks ;gh feBkbZ gS ek;kjkeA [kk yksA rqEgkjh dkdh gksrh rks rqEgkjh dqN vkSj vkoHkxr gksrhA^

nks& ,d o"kZ igys nqcsth dh èkeZiRuh dk fuèku gks x;k FkkA tc Hkh os eq>s tyiku djkrs] dkdh dh ;kn t:j djrsA vkt og ;kn T;knk ?kqeM+ dj vk;hA dk'k ¼esjh½ dkdh muds ea=hin dk Hkh lq[k Hkksx ikrhaA

okLro esa nqcsth cgqr Hkkoqd ç-fr ds O;fä FksA os dksey {k.kksa esa nq[kh Hkh gks ldrs Fks rFkk çlUurk ds {k.kksa esa vfr vkuanhA ,sls volj ij eSa cgqèkk ?kcM+k tkrk FkkA Hkkokos'k esa nqcsth t:j gh xM+cM+k tk,axsA eSa ,sls çlaxksa dk xokg jgk gwaA

1958 esa e-ç- fgUnh lkfgR; lEesyu dk igyk vfèkos'ku mn~?kkVu ds fy, eSaus çèkkuea=h tokgjyky usg: ls Hkksiky ;k=k ds nkSjku le; ys fy;k FkkA nqcsth dks vè;{k in ls fyf[kr Hkk"k.k i<u+k FkkA tokgjykyth dksbZ ,d ?kaVk ysV vk,A dkjZokbZ dks laf{kIr djuk t:jh gks x;kA eSaus nqcsth ds Hkk"k.k ds cgqr ls va'k dkVdj mls laf{kIr dj fn;kA usg:th ds vkxeu ls nqcsth dh çlUurk dk ikjkokj ugha FkkA mUgksaus fyf[kr Hkk"k.k ,d rjQ j[k fn;k vkSj ekSf[kd oäO; 'kq: dj fn;kA çlUurk ds vfrjsd esa os dg x,] 'cM+s g"kZ dk fo"k; gS fd vkt LoxÊ; tokgjykyth gekjs chp mifLFkr gSaA^

lkjh lHkk esa lUukVk Nk x;kA Lo;a tokgjykyth bl xyrh ij gal iM+sA tc iafM+rth dk è;ku bl pwd ij fnyk;k x;k rks os i'pkrki ls ikuh& ikuh gks x;sA mUgksaus u dsoy usg:th ls ckj&ckj ekSf[kd rFkk i= fy[kdj {kek ekaxh] oju~ 48 ?kaVs dk futZy miokl djds çk;f'pr fd;kA

,slk gh ,d çlax vkSj mifLFkr gqvkA tcyiqj esa fpYMªUl fQYe lkslk;Vh dk xBu fd;k x;k FkkA nqcsth us bl lkslk;Vh dk vkSipkfjd mn~?kkVu Lohdkj dj fy;kA mUgsa lkslk;Vh ds mís'; rFkk çksxzke dh foLr`r tkudkjh Hkh ns nh x;hA ijUrq tc iafMrth ds oäO; dh ckjh vk;h rks os lc le>k;k cq>k;k Hkwy x, vkSj vius le; dh fQYeh nqfu;k esa cg x,A

^vki yksx D;k fQYesa cuk,axsA oks ,d tekuk FkkA dSlh& dSlh vfHkusf=;ka FkhaA oks fel dTtu] fel jkst vkSj fQj xkSgj tku----A^

vk;kstd gDdk& cDdk gksdj esjh vksj ns[kus yxsA eSaus b'kkjs ls le>k;k fd HkkbZ pyus nksA iafMrth dks fpYMªUl fQYe lkslk;Vh esa ykSVk ykuk eqf'dy gSA tc mudk Hkk"k.k gks x;k rks eSaus mUgsa lgh oäO; dh ;kn fnykbZA os nksckjk cksys vkSj fo"k; ij cksysA
nqcsth dh bl rjg dh pwdksa dk Hkh ,d fjdkMZ rS;kj fd;k tk ldrk gSA foèkk;d Jh xqykcpan rkeksV dks dHkh mUgksaus lgh uke ls ugha iqdkjkA ckj&ckj ;kn fnykus ij Hkh os mUgsa 'rkeyksVÓ gh lacksèku djrs jgsA nqcsth vc ugha gSaA M‚- jktcyh ikaMs rFkk M‚- cStukFk 'kekZ us mudk vfHkuanu djus dh ;kstuk cuk;h FkhA ysfdu vfHkuanu ysus okys us fdukjkd'kh dj yhA vfHkuanu xzaFk dks ia- dqathyky nqcs Le`fr xzaFk esa ifjofrZr dj nsuk iM+kA

nqcsth vc ugha gSaA ijUrq mudk Lusgflä fu'Ny O;fäRo cgqr yksxksa dh ;knksa esa lek;k gqvk gSA