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29.03.1923
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lsB xksfoUn
nkl th ij fy[kus cSBk gwa rks ;qxksa yEck
,d tekuk vka[kksa esa mrj vk;k gSA esjs
firkth us ,d yEcs vjls rd ckcw lkgc ¼xksfoUn
nkl th½ ds ikfjokfjd çfr"Bkuksa
esa tcyiqj] t;iqj rFkk eydkiqj esa jksdfM;+k
¼[ktkaph½ rFkk equhe ds inksa
ij dke fd;k FkkA
ckcw lkgc ;|fi ijEijkxr :i ls tkus&
igpkus fdlh jkt?kjkus ds oa'kt ugha Fks]
fdUrq muds firkeg Jh xksdqynkl th dks rRdkyhu
vaxzst ljdkj us 'jktkÓ dk f[krkc
fn;k FkkA jtokM+ksa dh rjg jktk xksdqy nkl
th ;|fi ?kqM+lokjh ujs'k ugha Fks] fdUrq
os brus laiUu Fks fd dksbZ jktk egkjktk
Hkh mudh cjkcjh D;k djrkA tcyiqj esa guqekurky
ds ,d dksus ij [kM+k jktk xksdqynkl iSysl
vHkh Hkh mudh laiUurk dk cksèk djkrk
gSA eè;çns'k esa gh ugha]
jktiwrkuk ds Hkh dqN jkt?kjkus muds dtZnkj
FksA t;iqj rFkk tSlyesj jktnjckjkks esa
mUgsa fo'ks"k çfr"Bk nh
x;h FkhA cacbZ] dydÙkk] t;iqj rFkk
ml le; ds çeq[k O;kikfjd dsUæ
fetkZiqj esa mudh cM+h xfí;ka Fkha
vkSj dkjksckj rks iwjs lh-ih- ,.M djkj rFkk
Hkksiky fj;klr ds vusd xkaoksa& 'kgjksa
esa QSyk gqvk FkkA
jktk xksdqynkl th ds iq= Jh thounkl th dh
ekSt eLrh ds fdLls vkt Hkh tcyiqj esa lqus
tk ldrs gSaA jbZlh fetkt vkSj v¸;k'kh
esa mudk eqdkcyk 'kk;n gh dksbZ jktiq= dj
ldrk gksA tcyiqj 'kgj esa ?kweus gh fudy
tk,a rks 6&8 ,d ls :i jax ds ?kksM+ksa
ls tqrh mudh cX?kh dk utkjk c;ku djus okys
vc 2&4 yksx gh 'kgj esa cps gSaA 1857
esa jktæksg ds le; lgk;rk djus ls
xksdqynklth dks jktk dh inoh nh x;h Fkh
rks thounkl th dks 'nhoku cgknqjÓ
dk f[krkc gkfly FkkA
,sls ifjokj esa lsB xksfoUn nkl dk tUe vkSj
ykyu& ikyu gqvkA os lkjh lq[k& lqfoèkk,a
vkSj jktlh BkB mUgsa miyCèk Fks ftlds
fy, dksbZ Hkh egRokdka{kh ;qod ykykf;r gks
ldrk gSA ;g dYiuk Hkh ugha dh tk ldrh fd
bl çdkj ds okrkoj.k esa iyk&
cM+k dksbZ ;qod vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa fgLlsnkjh
Hkh djsxkA ijUrq ckcw lkgc ds lkFk ;gh pfjrkFkZ
gqvkA
ckcw lkgc dh i<+kbZ& fy[kkbZ rks
?kj ij gh gqbZA os baVj rd gh i<+ ldsA
ijUrq muesa Hkk"kk rFkk ns'k ds çfr
tks vuqjkx gqvk mlds mnkgj.k de gh feysaxsA
fgUnh ds çfr mudh vuqjfä Lo-
ekèkojkoth lçs ds dkj.k gqbZA
lçsth ls ckcw lkgc dk laidZ fdl rjg
gqvk] ;g eSaus mudh vkRedFkk esa i<+k
t:j Fkk] vHkh ;kn ugha vk jgkA ysfdu lçsth
us ckcw lkgc dks dsoy lkfgR;dkj cuus dh
çsj.kk gh ugha nh oju mUgsa ,d lR;kxzgh
Hkh cuk fn;kA egkRek xkaèkh ds vkOgku
ij os 1920 ds vklikl gh dkaxzsl ds lnL;
gks x, FksA 1926 esa rks os ia- eksrhyky
usg: dh LojkT; ikVÊ dh vksj ls dsUæh;
èkkjk lHkk ds lnL; Hkh fuokZfpr gks
x, FksA
lsB xksfoUnnkl ds ifjokj ls vYik;q esa tqM+s
jgus ij Hkh eSaus ckcw lkgc ds 1945 ds vklikl
gh utnhd ls ns[kkA ;ksa 1929 dh dqN ?kVuk,a
Hkh esjs ekul iVy ij vafdr gSa fdUrq vc
mudh ;kn cgqr èkqaèkyh gks
x;h gSA eq>s ;kn vkrk gS] fd tc jktk
xksdqynkl egy ds lkeus gh ckcw lkgc ds ifjokj
us fons'kh oL=ksa dh gksyh tykbZ FkhA ;g
Hkh gks ldrk gS fd rc ued cuk;k x;k gksA
xkaèkhth ds ued lR;kxzg dk vfHk;ku
lkjs ns'k esa foLrkj ik pqdk FkkA vkSj mlh
fnu ckcw lkgc fxjrkj dj fy, x, FksA
okLro esa ckcw lkgc ls esjk fudV dk ifjp;
1945& 46 esa gqvk tc 1942 ds vkanksyu
ds ckn tsy ls eqfä ikdj os tcyiqj esa
't;fgUnÓ ds çdk'ku dh ;kstuk
cuk jgs FksA eSa mu fnuksa uo&Hkkjr
ukxiqj esa FkkA ckcw lkgc dk blh dkj.k ukxiqj
vkuk&tkuk gksrk FkkA t;fgUn ifCyds'kUl
fy- uke dh laLFkk dk iathdj.k ukxiqj esa
gh gksuk Fkk] vr: os Jh jkexksiky th ekgsÜojh
ds vfrfFk gqvk djrs FksA bl daiuh ds jftLVªs'ku
dh NksVh& NksVh vkSipkfjdrkvksa dks
eq>s ns[kuk gksrk FkkA eSa bl dke esa
#fp Hkh ysrk FkkA otg ;g Fkh] fd eSa lkaçnkf;d
foHkkx esa dke djuk pkgrk Fkk vkSj uo&Hkkjr
esa eq>s foKkiu foHkkx fn;k x;k FkkA
blh vkdka{kk ds dkj.k eSa bu dkeksa esa
vkxs gks tkrk FkkA ckcw lkgc dks eSaus viuk
ikfjokfjd ifjp; Hkh fn;kA ;g Hkh crk;k fd
1929 rd esjs firkth muds çfr"Bku
esa dk;Zjr FksA esjs vU; vusd ifjtu rks
1945 esa ogka dke dj jgs FksA ckcw lkgc
us eq>s vkÜoLr fd;k fd os eq>s
tcyiqj cqyk ysaxsA ijUrq ;g laHko ugha gqvkA
ckr ;g gqbZ fd t;fgUn ds çorZdksa
esa tks ekgsÜojhth dh fgLlsnkjh gks
x;h vkSj Jh ekgsÜojh th us ugha pkgk
fd eSa tcyiqj tkdj t;fgUn ds laikndh; foHkkx
esa 'kkfey gks tkÅaA mUgksaus eq>s
blds dkj.k Hkh le>k fn;sA ;|fi t;fgUn
dk çdk'ku ,d vyx LokfeRo dh laLFkk
dj jgh Fkh] fQj Hkh ekgsÜojh th ds
tqM++s gksus ds dkj.k eq>s dqN gn rd
bl i= ds foKkiuksa dk dke Hkh ns[kuk iM+rk
Fkk] [kkldj egkuxjksa esa LFkkfir ,tsafl;ksa
ls t;fgUn esa foKkiu çkIr djus lacaèkhA
blds ckn ?kVukvksa us tks eksM+ fy;k og
[kêh& ehBh ;knksa dh ,d vthc dgkuh
gSA 1950 esa ekgsÜojh th t;fgUn dh
Hkkxhnkjh ls i`Fkd gks x, vkSj tcyiqj ls
uo&Hkkjr dk nwljk laLdj.k çkjaHk
dj fn;kA la;ksx ;g fd bl u, laLdj.k dh ns[kHkky
ds fy, ukxiqj ls eq>s tcyiqj LFkkukarfjr
dj fn;k x;kA pkj& ikap ekg rd esa dsoy
O;oLFkkid Fkk fdUrq blds ckn laikndh; nkf;Ro
Hkh eq>s lkSai fn;k x;kA
,d v[kckj NksM+dj çfrLièkkZ
esa ;fn nwljk v[kckj fudkyk tk, rks }a}
gksuk fuf'pr gh FkkA uoHkkjr ds tcyiqj laLdj.k
ds çdk'ku ls ckcw lkgc dh ukjkth
Hkh LokHkkfod FkhA os ukxiqj vk, rFkk Jh
jkexksikyth ekgsÜojh ls mUgksaus dqN
xekZxeZ cgl Hkh dhA bruk gh ugha muds çHkko
ds dkj.k tcyiqj esa gesa v[kckj ds yk;d
cM+h txg feyuk Hkh dfBu gks x;kA bl le;
ckcw lkgc ds ifjokj dh nwljh 'kk[kk us uo&Hkkjr
dk lkFk fn;kA cfYd ;g dguk T;knk Bhd gksxk
fd nksuksa ifjokjksa dh ikjLifjd dVqrk ds
dkj.k nwljh 'kk[kk us dqN vfèkd mRlkg
gh çnf'kZr fd;kA tcyiqj ds gh Jh
ujflagnkl th us uoHkkjr ds fy, flefj;k okyh
jkuh dh dksBh miyCèk djk nhA
uo&Hkkjr ds çdk'ku ds lkFk gh
t;fgUn ls }U} 'kq: gks x;kA ckcw lkgc] ia-
jfo'kadj 'kqDy rFkk ia- }kjdkçlkn
feJ dk ,d xqV dkaxzsl esa lfØ; Fkk
rks nwljk xqV Fkk Bk- fujatu flag] çks-
egs'knÙk feJ] M- [kwcpan c?ksy]
ckcw lkgc ds gh Hkkats flouh fuoklh Jh ukjk;.knkl
xqIr vkfn dkA Jh dk'khçlkn ikaMs
Hkh uo&Hkkjr ds çdk'ku ls çlUu
Fks rks nwljh vksj ia- dqathyky nqcs us
Hkh mldk Lokxr fd;kA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa
;g t:jh Fkk fd uo&Hkkjr dks çfrf"Br
djus ds fy, ckcw lkgc rFkk muds xqV dk fojksèk
fd;k tk,A bl rjg nksuksa i=ksa esa dkQh
çfr}fU}rk 'kq: gks x;hA bl gksM+
esa t;fgUn fiNMu+s yxkA njvly ckr ;g Fkh]
fd bl i= esa ckcw lkgc rFkk muds dfu"B
iq= Jh txeksgu nkl dh bruh vfèkd
ç'kalk nh tkrh Fkh fd ikBdx.k bl
v[kckj ls gh fujk'k gks pqds FksA uo&Hkkjr
ds çdk'ku ls tgka dkaxzsl ds vlarq"V
oxZ dks cy feyk rks nwljh vksj ikBdksa esa
Hkh èkhjs& èkhjs mldh
txg cuus yxhA
tcyiqj ls uo&Hkkjr ds çdk'ku
ds ckn Hkh ckcw lkgc rFkk ekgsÜojh
th esa eèkqj lacaèk cus jgs]
ijUrq esjs çfr muds eu esa ,d for`".kk
;k fojksèk ?kj dj x;kA og vdkj.k
ugha FkkA ,sls vusd volj vk, fd nksuksa
i=ksa esa ,d nwljs dh uhfr ds çfr
yxkrkj laikndh; ys[k fy[ks tkrs jgsA egkdks'ky
çns'k dkaxzsl desVh dh xqVckth esa
uoHkkjr vlarq"V xqV dk lkFk nsrkA dHkh&
dHkh ckcw lkgc ds f[kykQ Hkh fy[kus esa
vk tkrkA ,d fnu jktuSfrd leh{kk ds varxZr
,d mi&laiknd Jh xqykcpan ukjn us 'xys
rd jktuSfrd ikiksa esa Mwcs gq, lsB xksfoUn
nklÓ fy[k fn;kA ckcw lkgc us eq>ls
rks dqN ugha dgk] ek= ukxiqj esa ekgsÜojh
th dk VsyhQksu uacj iwNk] ijUrq ckn esa
ukxiqj ls vk, Qksu ls ckcw lkgc dh f'kdk;r
dk vkHkkl feykA
fdUrq ;g uksad& >ksad cjkcj pyrh
jghA 1951 esa tc egkdks'ky esa ia- jfo'kadj
'kqDy us 1952 ds vke pquko ds fy, dkaxzsl
dh vksj ls tcyiqj esa çpkj vfHk;ku
çkjaHk fd;k rks eSaus ckcw lkgc]
'kqDy th rFkk 'kqDy eaf=eaMy ds ofj"B
lnL; Jh nqxkZ'kadj esgrk ds f[kykQ ,d yack
ys[k fy[kkA ckcw lkgc us fryd Hkwfe dh bl
vkelHkk esa ,d& ,d vkjksi dk cdk;nk
mÙkj fn;k vkSj laiknd ¼;kuh
dh esjs½ ds f[kykQ Hkh dkQh dqN dgkA
ckcw lkgc ds dFku dks eaS }s"kiw.kZ
rks ugha dg ldrk] bruk t:j gS] fd os mÙksftr
gks x, FksA nwljs gh fnu tc eSaus mudk è;ku
vkdf"kZr fd;k] rks mUgksaus Lohdkj
fd;k fd mÙkstuko'k os oSlk dqN dg
x, FksA lkFk gh os eq>s nks"kh Bgjkuk
Hkh ugha HkwysA mudh f'kdk;r Fkh fd uo&Hkkjr
vdkj.k gh muds ihNs iM+k gS] blls mUgsa
nq:[k gksrk gSA
eq>s ;g Hkh Lohdkj djuk pkfg, fd ckcw
xksfoUnnkl th dk Øksèk {kf.kd
gqvk djrk FkkA de ls de esjk ;gh vuqHko
jgk gSA ,d ckj muls fey yks rks os ,dne
'kkar gks tkrs FksA esjs muds chp ,sls çlax
,dkfèk ckj mBs vkSj 'kkar gks x,A
nksuksa i=ksa dh çfrLièkkZ
esa tc t;fgUn dh çlkj la[;k fujarj
fxjus yxh rks ckcw lkgc us eq>s cqyk;kA
os pkgrs Fks fd eSa uo&Hkkjr NksM+dj
t;fgUn dk dke laHkky ywaA mUgksaus eq>s
viuh iqjkuh bPNk dk gokyk Hkh fn;kA ysfdu
vc cgqr nsj gks pqdh FkhA t;fgUn dk laHkyuk
vc vlaHko fn[k jgk FkkA eSaus viuh vleFkZrk
tkfgj dhA ckcw lkgc dks blls larks"k
ugha gqvkA mUgksaus esjs ,d ppsjs HkkbZ
ghjkyky th lqjtu ds ekè;e ls esjs
firkth ls Hkh ppkZ dhA uo&Hkkjr esa
çkIr lqfoèkkvksa dks csgrj
djus dk yksHk Hkh fn;kA firkth us ;g dgk
fd ^ek;kjke vius fo"k; esa lkspus esa
l{ke gSaA mlds i<+kus& fy[kkus dh
ftEesnkjh esjh FkhA vc tSlk og Bhd le>s
lks djsA^ 31 fnlEcj 1954 dks t;fgUn dk vkf[kjh
vad fudykA tuojh 1955 ls t;fgUn dks uo&Hkkjr
esa foyhu ?kksf"kr djuk çdk'kdksa
ds fy, fuf'pr gh ihM+knk;d jgk gksxkA yxHkx
5 yk[k #i, ykxr [kksdj dksbZ v[kckj 9 lky
pydj can gks tk, rks 1954 ds fnuksa esa
;g [ksntud ?kVuk FkhA
1951& 52 esa egkdks'ky dkaxzsl dk vlarq"V
xqV vkpk;Z -iykuh dh fdlku etnwj çtk
ikVÊ esa pyk x;kA 1951 esa ia- }kfjdkçlkn
feJ Hkh dkaxzsl ls vyx gks x, rFkk 1954
esa t;fgUn dk çdk'ku can gks tkus
ds ckn ckcw lkgc ls esjs lacaèk Hkh
lkekU; gks x,A vc uoHkkjr dk Loj Hkh muds
f[kykQ mxz ugha jgk ef)e gks x;kA
oSls Hkh tSlk fd eSaus igys gh fy[kk] ckcw
lkgc cgqr ljy LoHkko ds O;fä FksA mudk
xqLlk FkksM+h lh lQkbZ nsus ls gh 'kkar
gks tkrk FkkA esjs& muds chp curs&
fcxM+rs lacaèkksa ds ckotwn os eq>s
Lusg djrs FksA 'kk;n gekjs ikfjokfjd lacaèk
Hkh bl i`"BHkwfe esa dke djrs FksA
1945 esa tsy ls NwVus ds ckn ckcw lkgc dk
,d 'bUnqerhÓ uked miU;kl çdk'kukèkhu
FkkA og 1930 esa Nik rFkk ckcw lkgc us mldh
,d çfr leh{kk ds fy, eq>s nhA
okLro esa ;g cgqr xfj"B miU;kl FkkA
,d rks 900 i`"B] nwljs my>s gq,
ik=A eSaus oSlh gh leh{kk dj nhA mUgsa vPNk
ugha yxk] fdUrq ukjkth Hkh tkfgj ugha dhA
cksys] 'vkius ;g rks Bhd gh fy[kk gS fd
eSaus ,d gh gy esa Ýsap bVkfy;u
rFkk bafXy'k QuÊpj bdëk dj fy;k
gSA gj fdLe ds QuÊpj ds fy, vyx&
vyx d{k gksuk pkfg, FksA ik=ksa ds pfj=
ds ckjs esa os vius ys[ku ij -<+ FksA
dksbZ rhu lky ckn mUgksaus crk;k fd çdk'kd
us 'bUnqerhÓ dk laf{kIr laLdj.k Hkh
çdkf'kr fd;k gSA ek= 300 i`"B
esaA esjs eqag ls fudy x;k] 'cgqr lk dpjk
NaV x;kAÓ os ,dne pkSadsA 'D;k dgk
ek;kjketh\Ó rc rd eSa Hkh vius 'kCnksa
ds çfr pkSdUuk gks x;k FkkA 'dqN
ugha dDdk lkgc esjk igyk fjekdZ tSls Hkwy
gh x;s]Ó 'gka] gka] ;g rks vki Bhd
gh dg jgs gSaA vkius rks leh{kk esa Hkh
;gh fy[kk FkkAÓ eSaus larks"k
dh lkal yh fd ckcw lkgc ckr idM+s ugha jgsA
ckcw lkgc dh vkRedFkk dsoy muds tUe rFkk
-frRo dh dgkuh ugha gSA okLro esa og ns'k
ds ,d dky[kaM dk bfrgkl Hkh gSA tgka rd
eq>s ;kn gS 1955 esa mldk çdk'ku
gqvk FkkA ;g vkRedFkk rhu [k.Mksa esa çdkf'kr
gqbZA ckcw lkgc us mldh çfr Hkh eq>s
nhA mlds dqN va'k eSa ,d lkIrkfgd i= esa
Hkh i<+ pqdk FkkA ckcw lkgc dh LokHkkfod
bPNk Fkh fd mldh leh{kk Hkh eSa gh d:aA
og eSaus fd;k rFkk tgka vko';drk Fkh] vkykspuk
Hkh dh] nwljs laLdj.k ds fy, lq>ko Hkh
fn,A vkRedFkk dh Hkwfedk esa gh ckcw lkgc
us fy[kk Fkk fd os yksds"k.kk ;k vkReçflf)
ls nwj jgrs vk, gSaA ckcw lkgc dh bl mfä
ij Hkh eSaus fVIi.kh dhA eSaus tgka ,d vksj
vkRedFkk ds dqN va'kksa dh ljkguk dh] ogha
;g Hkh fy[kk fd 'yksds"k.kkÓ
ls nwj jgus okys dFku ls eSa lger ugha gwaA
dqy feykdj leh{kk bruh larqfyr Fkh fd ckcw
lkgc us mls u dsoy T;ksa dk R;ksa Lohdkj
fd;k] oju eq>s bl ij 'kkck'kh Hkh nh
fd 'lpeqp] yksds"k.kk rks gj O;fä
esa gksrh gh gSA vkius xyr dqN ugha fy[kkA^
1956 esa ckcw lkgc dh ghjd t;arh dk vk;kstu
fd;k x;k FkkA tcyiqj uxj ds fy, tks lekjksg
lfefr xfBr dh x;h Fkh Lo- ckcw jkekuqtyky
th mlds vè;{k Fks rFkk eSa lfpoA
ckcw xksfoUnnkl th dh ghjd t;arh laln ,oa
lkfgfR;d {ks=ksa esa ppkZ dk fo"k;
cu x;h FkhA dgus dks rks jk"Vªh;]
jkT;h; rFkk uxjh; Lrjksa ij lekjksg lfefr;ka
xfBr dh x;h Fkha fdUrq okLrfodrk ;gh Fkh
fd lkjs vk;kstu dk Hkkj Lo;a ckcw lkgc us
ys j[kk FkkA ghjd t;arh lekjksg cgqr vk;keh
FkkA lEeku@ vfHkuanu] ckcw lkgc ds ukVdksa
dk eapu] vfHkuanu xzaFk çdk'ku vkfn
dh cM+h ;kstuk FkhA ckcw lkgc us gh lekjksg
gsrq jkf'k ,df=r djkbZ rFkk vfHkuanu xzaFk
ds fy, ys[k rFkk foKkiu Hkh tqVk,A bl çdkj
ds ç;kl Nqis rks ugha jgrsA fgUnh
ds çfl) fo}ku ia- Jh ukjk;.kth prqoZsnh
us rks ,d ,sfrgkfld O;aX; gh jp MkykA mUgksaus
'fouksn 'kekZ vfHkuanu xzaFkÓ ds
uke ij ,d ,slh gh ;kstuk cuk MkyhA lkfgR;
txr ds ukeh fxjkeh ys[kdksa dks Lojfpr vfHkuanu
ys[k Hkstdj mUgsa lacafèkr ys[kdksa
ds uke ls çdkf'kr djus dh vuqefr
ekaxh rFkk ,d dfFkr cSad dk psd Hkh ys[ku&
ikfjJfed gsrq Hkstk x;kA HkS;k lkgc ¼Jh
ukjk;.k th dks lkekU;r: blh J)kiw.kZ lacksèku
ls iqdkjk tkrk gSA½ us vius i= esa
ys[kdksa dks ;g Hkh lwpuk nh fd mUgksaus
cgqr pkgk fd ia- cukjlhnkl th prqoZsnh bl
vfHkuanu xzaFk dk Hkkj laHkky ysa ijUrq
mUgksaus ;g dgdj ;g ;kstuk udkj nh fd os
dsoy jk"Vªh; Lrj ds egkuqHkkoksa
dk gh vfHkuanu djrs gSaA blh rjg dqN vkSj
vfHkuanu& vk;kstdksa ij O;aX; fd;k x;kA
i= ds var esa ;g fy[kk fd tc vkSj dksbZ
bl ;kstuk dks gkFk esa ysus dks rS;kj ugha
gqvk rks 'eSaÓ Lo;a gh viuh vfHkuanu
;kstuk dks fØ;kfUor djus ds fy, foo'k
gwaA Jh ukjk;.kth prqoZsnh us yxHkx 150
i`"B ds bl dkYifud vfHkuanu xzaFk dh
250 çfr;ka eqfær djkds fu:'kqYd
forfjr Hkh dhaA ckcw lkgc ds vfHkuanu ds
lkFk gh Jh fouksn 'kekZ dk ;g lEeku vusd
fnuksa rd lkfgfR;d {ks= esa gkl& ifjgkl
dk fo"k; cuk jgkA
blh lanHkZ esa ,d vkSj jkspd ?kVuk ?kVhA
fnYyh esa v-Hkk- lekjksg lfefr dh cSBd vk;ksftr
FkhA eSa bl lfefr dk lnL; rks ugha Fkk fdUrq
ml fnu vpkud fnYyh igqap x;k FkkA 'kk;n
uoHkkjr ds fnYyh laoknnkrk ls ckcwlkgc dks
ekywe gks x;k fd eSa fnYyh esa gwaA mudk
Qksu vk x;k fd eSa muds lkFk gh Hkkstu d:aA
eSa le; ij igqapkA Hkkstu gksus ds ckn ckcw
lkgc dh vkKk gqbZ fd Jh pUæxqIr fo|kyadkj
ds iVkSnh gkml fLFkr fuokl ij lsB xksfoUn
nkl ghjd ta;rh lekjksg lfefr dh cSBd gS]
eSa mlesa Hkkx ywaA njvly] vknj.kh; jkexksiky
th ekgsÜojh bl lfefr ds lnL; FksA eq>s
mudk çkDlh eku fy;kA bl cSBd esa
loZJh ník eSfFkyh 'kj.k xqIr] cky-".k
'kekZ 'uohuÓ] Kkuh xq#eq[k flag eqlkfQj
tSls fnXxt mifLFkr FksA ckcw lkgc ds lfpo
Jh xksfoUnçlkn JhokLro ¼os
lekjksg lfefr dk Hkh dke ns[krs Fks½
tc C;kSjk nsus rFkk çLrko j[kus yxs
rks ník us ehBh pqVdh yhA
^vjs HkkbZ] ;g lc gks tk,xkA^ fQj Jh pUæxqIr
fo|kyadkj dh vksj eq[kkfrc gksdj cksys]
^HkkbZ ljuk ls dgks tYnh ls uk'rk& ikuh
ys vk,A^ ljukth 'kk;n pUæxqIrth dh
iRuh gksaxhA ník 'kk;n vkt gkl ifjgkl
ds ewM esa gh FksA Kkuh xqjeq[k flag eqlkfQj
ls cksys] 'gka HkkbZ Kkuh th] dqN ljnkjh
pqVdqys gks tk,aAÓ Kkuh th us oks
pqVdqys lquk, fd nwljk dksbZ D;k eqdkcyk
djrkA tc os pqd x,] ník us uohuth
dh dfork,a 'kq: djk nhaA tc uk'rk ikuh ls
'fVUouÓ gks x, gksa rks ,d Mdkj ysrs
gq, ník cksys&
^HkkbZ JhokLro th] ckcw lkgc ls dg nsuk
fd lc çLrko T;ksa ds R;ksa eatwj
gks x,AÓ
vkSj lHkk dh dkjZokbZ lekIrA eq>s vkKk
Fkh fd eSa ykSVdj fjiksVZ d:aA ;ksa rks
Jh xksfoUnçlkn JhokLro djrs gh] ij
eSa Hkh iVkSnh gkml ds okrkoj.k ls 'kk;n
ljkcksj gks x;k FkkA tc ckcw lkgc us eq>ls
iwNk fd 'ek;kjke th] D;k gqvk\^ rks eSa
dqN xqLrk[kh esa gh dg x;k] 'ckcw lkgc vkidk
gh ne gS fd ;g vk;kstu gks jgk gSA^
ckcw lkgc dqN pkSadsA 'D;k eryc vkidk] D;k
eryc vkidk\Ó rc eSa lkoèkku
dh eqæk esa vk;kA
^dqN ugha dDdk lkgc] vkids lg;ksx ds fcuk
ge yksx dN ugha dj ldrs FksA^
ckcw lkgc dqN vkÜoLr gq,A
^gka----gka] vki yksx esjs lEeku esa dqN
djsa vkSj esjs lg;ksx dh vko';drk gks rks
D;k eSa mruk Hkh u d:a\^
njvly] ckr laHky xbZA vkSj lp ckr rks ;g
gS] fd tc dHkh eSa ,slh dksbZ felphQ djrk
Fkk rks 'dDdk lkgcÓ lacksèku
dj ckcw lkgc dk Lusg Hkktu cudj Nqêh
ik tkrk FkkA
tks Hkh gks] lkjs fgUnh {ks= esa rFkk fnYyh
esa ckcw lkgc dh ghjd t;arh BkB ls eukbZ
x;hA çLrkouk esa ckcw lkgc viuh ikfjokfjd
i`"BHkwfe dk Lej.k djkuk Hkh ugha HkwysA
;g Hkh ;kn fnyk;k x;k] fd tc os igyh ckj
tsy x;s rks mUgsa <ax ls Luku djuk Hkh
ugha vkrk Fkk] yksVk ckj& ckj flj ls
Vdjk ysrs FksA fnYyh esa laiUu vk;kstu esa
çèkkuea=h ia- tokgj yky usg:
Hkh 'kkfey gq,A bl ifjgkl dks vkxs c<+krs
gq, mUgksaus dgk fd 'vPNk gqvk fd lsBth
dkaxzsl esa vk x, ojuk os yksVs ls gh viuk
flj Vdjkrs jg tkrsAÓ n'kZd& Jksrkvksa
us usg:th dh bl mfä dk [kwc etk fy;kA
ckcw lkgc Hkh viuh galh ugha jksd ldsA tcyiqj
esa Hkh ;g vk;kstu gksuk gh FkkA ckcw lkgc
vius ukVd esa Lo;a eap ij Hkh mrjs vkSj
yksxksa dh ç'kalk ds ik= gq,A 1956
esa gh u;k eè;çns'k xfBr gksus
ds ckn eSa Hkksiky vk x;kA viuh t;arh eukus
ds fy, ckcw lkgc us eq>s <kbZ lkS
#i, Hkh lekjksg lfefr ¼ds uke½
ls fnyk,A vQlksl] Hkksiky esa dksbZ vk;kstu
laHko u gks ldkA eq[;ea=h ia- jfo 'kadj
'kqDy dk fuèku gks x;k vkSj dkykUrj
esa ckcw lkgc dk vfHkuanu xzaFk laxzg.kh;
gSA dsoy ,d [k.M thouh vkèkkfjr gS]
'ks"k esa ukVîfoèkk] lkfgR;
rFkk laL-fr ds fodkl ij ppkZ gSA
1926 ls yxkrkj dsUæh; èkkjk
lHkk esa ¼1952 ls yksd lHkk½
ds lnL; jgus ds ckn Hkh ckcw lkgc dks 'kklu
esa dksbZ lEekuh; in ugha feykA Lokèkhurk
iwoZ dky esa rks bldh dYiuk ugha dh tk ldrh
FkhA fdUrq 1947 ds ckn Hkh iafMr usg: ;k
ckn ds çèkkueaf=;ksa us mUgsa
bl LovftZr vfèkdkj ls oafpr j[kkA
ofj"Brk ns[krs gq, ckcw lkgc dks viuh
mis{kk dh ihM+k Hkh FkhA 31 fnlEcj 1956
dks eq[;ea=h ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy ds fuèku
ds ckn ckcw lkgc dh LokHkkfod bPNk Fkh fd
os u, eè;çns'k ds eq[;ea=h
fuokZfpr fd, tk,aA eSa bl ihM+k dk lk{kh
gwaA
'kqDyth dh vaR;sf"V esa 'kkfey gksus
ds fygkt ls Jh jkexksikyth ekgsÜojh
Hkh ukxiqj ls Hkksiky vk x, FksA ckcw lkgc
us mUgsa ckcw txeksgunkl th ds fuokl ij
cqyk;kA eSa rks lkFk esa Fkk ghA ml okrkZyki
dks yxHkx mUgha 'kCnksa esa nsus dk ç;kl
dj jgk gwa:
^ekgsÜojhth] vc uoHkkjr ¼Hkksiky½
dks esjk uke lkeus ykuk pkfg,A 'kqDyth ds
ckn esjk LokHkkfod vfèkdkj gSA^
^ckcw lkgc] vkidk fopkj rks Bhd gS fdUrq
gkbZdeku vkidks u pkgsa rks---\^
^D;ksa ugha pkgsxk\ eSa bruk ofj"B
lnL; gwaAÓ feJth ¼ia-}kjdkçlkn
th½ Hkh dkaxzsl ds ckgj gSaA esjs
vykok gS gh dkSu\^
^vki Bhd dgrs gSaA ijUrq dkaxzsl gkbZdeku
'kk;n fnYyh esa gh vkidh lsokvksa dh t:jr
le>saA^
^;fn ogka ls eq>s vuqefr ugha feyrh rks
eSa mls pqukSrh nsdj usrk in dk pquko yM+waxkAÓ
'ysfdu ckcw lkgc gkbZ deku ds vuq'kklu ls
foèkk;d caèks gSaA os mldh
bPNk ds fo#) dSls oksV nsaxsA vki eaMyksbZ
th ¼Lo- Hkxoar jko th½ dk
uke çLrkfor dhft,A egkdks'ky dk fgr
blh esa gSA^
gkbZ deku dh eatwjh ds uke ij ckcw lkgc
pqi gks x,A rc txeksgunklth us dgk] ^dDdk
lkgc] ekgsÜojhth dh lykg gh Bhd gSA
vki çns'k dkaxzsl ds vè;{k
gSaA vki eaMyksbZth dk uke gh lq>k,aA^
grk'k ckcw lkgc lglk mÙksftr gks
x,&
^ckcw] D;k rqEgkjs fy, eSa viuk Hkfo";
u"V dj ywa\^
ckcw] xksfoUnnkl th ds bl dFku ds ckn lUukVk
Nk x;kA ;g Bhd Fkk] fd ;fn eaMyksbZ th eq[;ea=h
gksrs rks txeksgu nkl th miea=h ls dchuk
ea=h fu;qä fd, tkrsA fdUrq ckcw lkgc
lkjh ifjfLFkfr dks bl ifjçs{; esa
ysaxs bldh rks ge yksx dYiuk Hkh ugha dj
ldrs FksA
ekgsÜojhth us ckcw lkgc dks ç-frLFk
djus dk ç;kl Hkh fd;kA fdUrq 'kCn
rks fudy pqds FksA txeksgunkl th rks dgrs
gh D;k\
u, eè;çns'k dh ,dh-r dkaxzsl
lfefr ds çFke vè;{k ckcw lkgc
gh fuokZfpr gq,A fdUrq ;g mudh vkdka{kk
dh ,d gn rd gh iwfrZ dj ldkA
ghjd t;arh ds volj ij gh ckcw lkgc dk tUe
fnol ¼fot;kn'keh½ çfro"kZ
ukVî fnol ds :i esa vk;ksftr djus
dk Hkh fu'p; fd;k x;kA ;g ijEijk vHkh rd
pyh vk jgh gSA
nqHkkZX;o'k ukVî fnol ds igys vk;kstu
esa gh O;oèkku mifLFkr gks x;kA ml
fnu tcyiqj esa loZJh eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr]
gfjoa'kjk; cPpu] lkIrkfgd fgUnqLrku ds laiknd
Jh ckads fcgkjh HkVukxj vkSj vusd lkfgR;tu
'kkfey FksA nksigj esa [kcj vkbZ fd fujkykth
dk fuèku gks x;kA eSaus Qksu ij ;g
[kcj ckcw lkgc dks nh rks os Hkh grçHk
jg x, fdUrq mUgksaus lekjksg LFkfxr djuk
mfpr ugha le>kA ,d rks igyk ukV; fnol
lekjksg fQj brus lkfgR; euhf"k;ksa
dk tekoA ní eSfFkyh'kj.k th rFkk
cPputh dh Hkh jk; lekjksg LFkfxr djus ds
i{k esa ugha jghA lekjksg gqvk fdUrq tcyiqj
dk dksbZ Hkh LoukeèkU; jpukdkj mlesa
'kkfey ugha gqvkA dqy feykdj ;g vk;kstu
,d dMq+okiu NksM+ x;kA nwljs fnu eSaus vius
v[kckj esa bldh vkykspuk Hkh dhA
Lokèkhurk laxzke ds ;k=h gksus ij
ckcw lkgc us iSr`d laifÙk ij vius
lkjs vfèkdkjksa ls R;kxi= ns fn;k
FkkA ,slk nwljk dksbZ mnkgj.k 'kk;n gh feysA
ckcw lkgc dks vius çdk'kuksa ij dkQh
jk;YVh Hkh feyrh FkhA ghjd t;arh o"kZ
ds vklikl gh mUgksaus ,d VªLV dh LFkkiuk
dj nhA VªLV dk mís'; Fkk ckcw
lkgc dh -fr;ksa dk çdk'ku tkjh j[kuk]
VªLV dh vkenuh ls lkfgfR;d dk;ZØeksa
dk vk;kstu rFkk vHkkoxzLr lkfgR;dkjksa dh
lgk;rk vkfnA VªLV xBu dh [kcj yxHkx
xqIr gh j[kh x;hA fdUrq Jhdk'kh çlkn
th ikaMs us eq>s ;g lekpkj ns fn;kA os
Hkh ,d VªLVh FksA eSaus ckcwlkgc ls
fcuk iqf"V fd, gh lekpkj çdkf'kr
dj fn;kA
rqjar esjh is'kh gqbZA ukjkth Hkh tkfgj
dh x;hA ijUrq tc eSaus dgk] 'dDdk lkgc]
,slk mi;ksxh lkoZtfud dk;Z gks vkSj eSa
;g lekpkj çdkf'kr u d:a] ;g yksHk
cjnk'r ugha dj ldkÓ rks ckcw lkgc
dk xqLlk BaMk gks x;kA tks eqís lekpkj
esa NwV x, Fks] os Hkh mUgksaus eq>s
crk fn,A
1963 esa dkejkt ;kstuk ds varxZr JhHkxoarjko
eaMyksbZ ls eq[;ea=h in ls R;kxi= ys fy;k
x;k rFkk ia- }kjdkçlkn feJ u, eq[;ea=h
fuokZfpr gq,A ckcw txeksgunkl us feJth dk
fojksèk fd;k FkkA os eaf=eaMy esa
'kkfey ugha fd, x,A ;g rks lkekU; jktuSfrd
?kVukØe gS fdUrq 'kk;n txeksgunkl
th bl ijkt; dks ugha >sy ldsA 16 tqykbZ
1964 dks mudk ân;xfr #d tkus ls fuèku
gks x;kA la;ksx rks nsf[k, fd og txeksgunklth
dk tUe fnol Hkh FkkA iq= fo;ksx dh ihM+k
rks dksbZ firk gh vuqHko dj ldrk gSA fQj
txeksgunkl th tSls yk{kf.kd iq= dh fonkbZ
rks vkSj vfèkd nq[kn FkhA
ckcw lkgc dh euksHkkouk dh rks dYiuk gh
dh tk ldrh gSA eSa vkarjs& nwljs ckcw
lkgc ds ikl igqapus yxkA ,d fnu os cksys&
^ek;kjke th] vki tkurs gSa vkt C;kSgkj jktsUæ
flag D;k dg x,\^
^th---A^
^mUgksaus dgk fd vlyh egkHkkjr rks vfHkeU;q
oèk ds ckn gh çkjaHk gqvk
FkkA vc eSa feJth ls fucV ywaxkA^
^dDdk lkgc] C;kSgkj th us }kij dh ckr dh
gSA dfy;qx ds bl egkHkkjr esa dgha vtZqu
gh [ksr u gks tk,A^
^vkidk D;k eryc\ D;k feJ th ds f[kykQ dksbZ
dkaxzslh foèkk;d esjk lkFk ugha nsxk\
os eq>s gh lekIr dj nsaxs\^
^dDdk lkgc] ;g ckr ughaA bl le; lcdh lgkuqHkwfr
vkids lkFk gSA ç'u ;g gS fd D;k vki
os lc jktuSfrd çiap jp ldrs gSa tks
bl pØO;wg ds fy, vko';d gS\^
ckcw lkgc] ,dne 'kkar gks x,A ^;g rks vki
Bhd dg jgs gSaA thou Hkj jktuhfr esa Ny
çiap fd;k ugha] vc bl laè;k
dky esa D;k d:axkAÓ vkSj fQj vk;k
15 vxLrA txeksgunkl th ds fuèku dks
eghuk Hkj iwjk ugha gqvk vkSj ckcw lkgc
fryd Hkwfe ij Lokèkhurk fnol vk;kstu
esa Hkk"k.k nsus Hkh vk x,A tc eSaus
mykguk fn;k rks cksy 'ek;kjketh] D;k d:a\
txeksgu ckcw rks okil vk,axs ughaA mudh
Le`fr esa gh nks 'kCn cksy vk;kA^
,d fnu cksys] ^ek;kjketh vkius vkpk;Z jtuh'k
dks lquk gSA^
^th] dDdk lkgcA^
^cgqr vPNh O;k[;k djrs gSaA os rhu fnu ls
vk jgs gSaA eq>s cgqr lkaRouk feyrh gSA^
^ckcw lkgc] vki oYyHk laçnk; ds ,d
fu"B vuq;k;h gSaA ;g tSuksa cqf)Te
ls vkidk lekèkku dSls gksxkA gekjs
;gka rks vU;kJ; oftZr gS u\^
vkSj ckcw lkgc us jtuh'kth ds çopu
lquuk can dj fn;kA ckcw lkgc ds Hkksys LoHkko
ds blls vfèkd D;k mnkgj.k nwaA
eSa 1974& 75 esa eSa Hkksiky esa jgus
yxk FkkA vpkud ,d fnu [kcj vkbZ fd ckcw
xksfoUnnkl dk cacbZ esa fuèku gks
x;kA ckcw lkgc ds vusd fp= vka[kksa esa
mHkj vk,A
tcyiqj foÜofo|ky; us mUgsa Mh- fyV~-
dh mikfèk Lohdkj ugha dhA ia- dqathyky
nqcs ds funZs'k ij Jh vt; pkSgku us ,dsMsfed
dkSafly ds lnL;ksa dks rS;kj fd;k vkSj mUgsa
,y-,y-Mh- dh mikfèk ls vya-r fd;k
tk ldkA oSls ckcw lkgc dks ,d nks foÜofo|ky;ksa
us Mh-fyV~-ls gh lEekfur fd;k FkkA
eq>s ;g Hkh ;kn vk;k fd yksdlHkk vè;{k
¼Jh vYykfn -".kekpkjh vFkok
vuar 'k;ua vk;axj½ us tc ckcw lkgc
dks 'M- xksfoUnnkl iqdkj dj viuk oäO;
nsus dks dgk rks ckcw lkgc ;g Hkwy gh x,
fd os lsB dh ctk, MkDVj gks x, gSa cktw
okys lkaln us ladsr fd;k rks os mBsA
fgUnh dks lafoèkku esa jk"VªHkk"kk
dk LFkku fnykus esa mUgksaus jktf"kZ
VaMu th rFkk ia- jfo'kadj 'kqDy ds lkFk
fdrus ç;kl ugha fd,A
dsUæh; eaf=eaMy esa LFkku feys ;k
u feys] u mUgksaus fgUnh dk i{k NksM+k vkSj
u xks gR;k fojksèk dkA
okLro esa ckcwlkgc dh xfrfofèk;ka
cgqvk;keh FkhaA eSa bl vrhr esa mrj gh jgk
Fkk fd lwpuk foHkkx ds iwoZ lapkyd Lo- guqeku
çlkn frokjh vk x,A [kcj nh fd ckcw
lkgc dk 'ko cacbZ ls Hkksiky yk;k tk jgk
gSA Hkkjh cjlkr ds dkj.k gokbZ tgkt tcyiqj
esa ugha mrj ldrkA Hkksiky foeku ry ls le;
dk irk yxkdj ge yksx foekury ij igqapsA
ckfj'k tksj ls gks jgh FkhA dkQh pDdj yxkdj
foeku mrjkA ijUrq foeku ry ij esjs] guqeku
çlkn frokjh rFkk çns'k dkaxzsl
ds dk;kZy;hu eaf=;ksa ds vykok dksbZ mifLFkr
ugha FkkA cgqr le; ckn ,d nks ea=hx.k vk,A
jkT;iky dh vksj ls Hkh dksbZ vfèkdkjh
Hkstdj gh larks"kdj fy;k x;kA
tcyiqj esa ckcw lkgc ds 'ko dks gkFkksa&gkFk
>sy fy;k x;kA uxj rks can jguk gh FkkA
ckcw lkgc ds lkFk Lokèkhurk laxzke
;qx dk bfrgkl vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrkAÓ
ckcw xksfoUnnkl th dks lkfgR; rFkk jktuhfr
esa çfo"V djkus dk Js; Lo- ekèkojkoth
lçs dks gSA lçsth dks fgUnh
dk igyk dgkuh ys[kd gksus dk Js; fn;k tkrk
gSA fgUnh dFkk lkfgR; esa 'Vksduh Hkj feêhÓ
dks [kM+h cksyh ds bfrgkl esa igyh dgkuh
ekuk tkrk gSA lçsth us fgUn dsljh
rFkk NÙkhlx<+ fe= uked lkIrkfgd
i=ksa dk laiknu& çdk'ku fd;k
rFkk bUgha i=ksa esa laHkor: vkèkqfud
leh{kk ds ekunaM rS;kj gq,A lçsth
dh çsj.kk ls ckcw lkgc us tcyiqj
ls Jh 'kkjnk uked ekfld if=dk dk çdk'ku
çkjaHk fd;kA Nk;kokn ds çorZd
dfo Jh eqdqVèkj ikaMs ds Nk;kokn
lacaèkh rhu ys[k Jh 'kkjnk esa gh
çdkf'kr gq, FksA Nk;kokn dh O;k[;k
esa ;s rhuksa ys[k vkt Hkh cgqr egRoiw.kZ
LFkku j[krs gaSA ;g ekfld if=dk fgUnh txr
esa vius le; dk f'kykys[k jgh gSA ia- }kjdk
çlkn feJ dks lçsth us gh ,d
flQkfj'kh i= nsdj jk;iqj ls tcyiqj Hkstk
FkkA ckcw lkgc us mUgsa Jh 'kkjnk esa 'kuS:
'kuS: laiknd ds in rd çfrf"Br
fd;kA
iqjkus eè;çns'k dk igyk nSfud
çdkf'kr djus dk ;'k Hkh lsB xksfoUnnkl
dks gh gSA mUgksaus tcyiqj ls 'yksderÓ
dk çdk'ku fd;kA mu fnuksa eè;çns'k
esa ;k rks cacbZ ds 'Jh osadVsÜoj lekpkjÓ
dk çpyu Fkk vFkok dk'kh ds 'vktÓ
;k fd dkuiqj ds 'çrkiÓ dkA
yksder us u dsoy Lokèkhurk laxzke
dk iqjtksj leFkZu fd;k oju vusd i=dkjksa
dks Hkh tUe fn;kA feJ th gh yksder ds laLFkkid@laiknd
fu;qä fd, x, FksA bl v[kckj us bruh
èkwe epkbZ fd vaxzst ljdkj us bl
ij dbZ ikcafn;ka yxk nhaA ;g v[kckj rhu
o"kZ pydj can gks x;kA fczfV'k gqdwer
}kjk çfro"kZ ubZ& ubZ tekur
ekaxuk ;k tqekZuk djuk ,d lkèkkj.k
lh çfØ;k cu x;h FkhA tgka
rd eq>s Lej.k gS ,d vkSj tekur dh ekax
dks Lohdkj u djds 'yksderÓ dk çdk'ku
gh LFkfxr djuk vfèkd Js;Ldj le>k
x;kA
vkt tcyiqj esa tgka lqHkk"k Vdht
dh bekjr [kM+h gS] ogka dHkh xksiky fuokl
uked fjgk;'kh DokVZj cus gq, FksA ogha fgUnqLrku
fçafVax çsl Hkh LFkkfir fd;k
x;k Fkk tgka ls Jh 'kkjnk rFkk yksder dk
eqæ.k & çdk'ku gqvk djrk
FkkA xksiky fuokl rFkk bl çsl dh
cgqr Li"V Le`fr esjs ekul esa clh gqbZ
gSA tc dHkh bl bekjr esa ls gksdj eSa firkth
lkFk Hkksiky eafnj tkrk rks bl çsl
dh vtc e'khu dks pkjksa vksj pDdj yxkdj
t:j ns[krkA rc dkSu tkurk Fkk fd bu e'khuksa
esa viuk Hkfo"; >kad jgk gSA
laHkor: lçsth dh gh igy ij ckcw lkgc
us jktuhfr esa ços'k fd;kA ,d laiUu
ifjokj esa tUe vkSj ikyu& iks"k.k
ds ckotwn ckcw lkgc ds Lokèkhurk
laxzke esa vkxeu ls ml le; ds ekgsÜojh
lekt esa gh ugha lkjs ns'k esa ,d mnkgj.k
cu x;k FkkA [kklrkSj ij blfy, fd ml le;
ckcw lkgc eqf'dy ls 20& 22 o"kZ
ds jgs gksaxsA muds firk nhoku cgknqj dqaoj
thounkl th buds jktuhfr ços'k ls
cgqr f[kUu gq,A dqN o"kksZa rd rks
ckcw lkgc lfEefyr ifjokj esa gh jgs fdUrq
mudh jktuSfrd xfrfofèk;ksa ds dkj.k
ifjokj esa ,d vlarqyu lk iSnk gks x;kA ns'k
Hkj ds usrkvksa dk vkuk& tkuk] fQj ifjokj
ij vkfFkZd ncko vkfn ?kVukvksa ls firk&
iq= ds chp [khaprku gksus yxhA varr: ckcw
lkgc us bdykSrs iq= gksrs gq, Hkh iSr`d
laifÙk ls viuk vfèkdkj NksM+
fn;kA firk dks fy[kk x;k mudk R;kxi= ,d
egRoiw.kZ nLrkost gks x;kA ckcw lkgc us
jktk xksdqynkl egy dk viuk fuokl NksM+ fn;kA
rFkk xksiky ckx esa vyx jgus yxsA
eè;çns'k esa fQYe fuekZ.k
dk bfrgkl Hkh ckcw lkgc ls gh 'kq: gksrk
gSA mUgksaus vkn'kZ fp= fy- uke ls ,d fQYe
daiuh dh LFkkiuk dhA Lokèkhurk laxzke
dh ygj vkSj xkaèkh th dk çHkkoA
ckcw lkgc dh fQYe daiuh ls dksbZ ,slh oSlh
fQYe dSls cukbZ tk ldrh FkhA daiuh ds uke
ds vuqlkj gh vkn'kZ fQYe Hkh cuuh pkfg,A
igyh fQYe dk uke j[kk x;k 'èkqvkaèkkjÓA
iwjh 'kwfVax ;k rks laxejejh tyçikr
ds vklikl gqbZ ;k enuegy dh igkfM;+ksa ijA
ukf;dk Fkh ukxiqj dh yhyk fpVfulA 'kk;n
;g mudh vfHkuhr igyh fQYe jgh gksxhA vkSj
uk;d Fks tcyiqj ds ,d ;qok odhy Jh fo".kq
n;ky HkkxZoA dgus Hkj dks uke èkqvkaèkkj
Fkk ysfdu lkjh dFkk vktknh ds ifjos'k ls
vksrçksrA iVdFkk ds ys[kd Hkh ia-
}kjdkçlkn feJA fQYe tc lsalj esa
x;h rks jk"Vªh;rk ls Hkjs lkjs
-'; dkV fn, x,A LokHkkfod Fkk fd blls dFkkud
dk rkukckuk gh fNUu& fHkUu gks x;kA
çn'kZu esa fQYe fiV x;hA bl vlQyrk
ds ckotwn ckcw lkgc us gkj ugha ekuhA mUgksaus
vNwr leL;k dks ysdj 'nfyr dqlqeÓ
VkbfVy ls ,d vkSj fQYe cukbZA la;ksxo'k
ckDl vkfQl ij ;g fQYe Hkh fiV x;hA bl rjg
eè;çns'k esa fQYe fuekZ.k
dk igyk ç;kl ,d bfrgkl cudj lekIr
gks x;kA
fQYe O;olk; esa rks ljdkj ds çfrdwy
:[k ds dkj.k vlQyrk feyh fdUrq vU; O;olk;ksa
esa Hkh ckcw lkgc lQy ugha jgsA 'kk;n ,d
jpukdkj ds eu vkSj O;olk; dkS'ky esa rkyesy
ugha cSB ldk] ;g le>uk Bhd gksxkA
lsB xksfoUnnkl tSlh fu;ec) fnup;kZ okys
O;fä esjh utj esa de gh vk, gSaA ugha
vk;s] dgwa rks Hkh dksbZ vfr';ksfä
ugha gksxhA mud lkjk le; $?kM+h dh lqbZ
ds lkFk pyrk FkkA czEgk eqgwrZ esa mBdj
nSufUnu dk;ksZa ls fuo`Ùk gksdj fu;fer
:i ls nks ?kaVs jpukdeZ ds fy, fuèkkZfjr
FksA tc rd gkFkksa esa daiu jksx ugha gqvk]
[kqn fy[krs FksA ckn esa lgk;d dks fMDVs'ku
nsdj ys[ku tkjh j[kkA ;ksa rks mudh eq[;
foèkk ukVd gh Fkh ijUrq çkjaHk
'kk;n dfork ls gqvk FkkA esjs fefMy Ldwy
ds dkslZ esa mudh 'ekr`Hkwfe çseÓ
uked dfork dk eq>s Lej.k gSA vius ghjd
t;arh o"kZ rd os NksVs& cM+s dqy
feykdj 102 ukVdksa dh jpuk dj pqds FksA
lq>ko fn;k fd bl çlax ij ekyk
iwjh gks tkuh pkfg, rks ,d o"kZ esa
gh N: ukVdksa dk ys[ku dj mUgksaus 108 ukVdksa
dh ekyk iwjh dj nhA ukVî foèkk
ij mudk vè;;u cgqr xgjk FkkA bl fo"k;
esa os varjkZ"Vªh; ekunaMksa ij
lkfèkdkj ?kaVksa cksy ldrs FksA 1945
esa ukxiqj esa vk;ksftr ,d xks"Bh esa
os vdsys rhu ?kaVksa rd fofoèk igyqvksa
ij ppkZ djrs jgs rFkk ftKklqvksa dh 'kadkvksa
dk lekèkku Hkh djrs jgsA
le; dh lkèkuk dksbZ ckcw lkgc ls
gh lh[ksA ;fn mUgksaus fdlh dks 9 cts dk
le; fn;k gS rks ikap fefuV dk foyac Hkh
mUgsa fopfyr dj nsrk FkkA vius vfrfFk ls
os ;g ckr fu:ladksp dg Hkh nsrs FksA os
Lo;a Hkh le; ds ikcan FksA ,d ckj mUgsa
tcyiqj lkfgR; la?k ds fdlh dk;ZØe
esa vkeaf=r fd;k x;kA lkfgR; la?k ds vè;{k
jg pqdus ds dkj.k mUgsa bl laLFkk ls eksg
Hkh FkkA os Bhd le; ij vk,A nqHkkZX;o'k
vk;kstd Hkh ml le; mifLFkr ugha FksA ckcw
lkgc f[kUu gksdj okil pys x,A
ckcw lkgc vius ls NksVh ih<+h ls Lusg
Hkh [kwc djrs FksA ,d o"kZ ge dqN fe=ksa
us Jh jkesÜoj xq# dh Lo.kZ t;arh dk
vk;kstu fd;kA ckcw lkgc fnYyh esa Fks blfy,
mUgsa fuea=.k ugha HkstkA la;ksx fd mlh
fnu os tcyiqj vk x;s vkSj lekpkj i=ksa ls
mUgsa bl vk;kstu dk irk pykA eq>s mudk
Qksu feyk fd D;k okLro esa ,slk dksbZ vk;kstu
gks jgk gSA ckr ;g Fkh fd HkkbZ jkesÜoj
xq# dk tUe 1 vçSy dks iM+rk gS vkSj
ckcw lkgc dks Hkze gksuk LokHkkfod Fkk fd
;g ew[kZ fnol dh dkjLrkuh rks ugha gSA eSaus
mUgsa vkÜoLr djrs gq, lekjksg esa ièkkjus
dk vkxzg fd;kA os vk;s vkSj Bhd le; ij vk,A
bl volj ij ckcw lkgc us Jh jkesÜoj
xq# ds cpiu ds ,d& nks laLej.k rks lquk;s
gh ia- dkerk çlkn xq# ds lkfUuè;
dk Hkh fo'ks"k mYys[k fd;kA
jktuhfr vkSj lkfgR; dks dkQh le; nsus ds
ckotwn lsBth Hkwnku rFkk xksj{kk vkanksyuksa
ds fy, Hkh le; fudky ysrs FksA fgUnh rFkk
xksj{kk ds fy, rks mUgksaus vius jktuSfrd
mRFkku dks Hkh frykatfy ns nh FkhA bu nksuksa
vfHk;kuksa esa ckcw lkgc dh dsoy ekSf[kd
;k 'kkfCnd lgkuqHkwfr gh ugha Fkh] os mlds
vxz.kh lfØ; dk;ZdrkZ FksA eq>s
;kn vkrk gS fd tc 6 ;k 7 uoEcj 1967 dks
lkèkqvksa us xksj{kk ds leFkZu esa
ubZ fnYyh esa fojksèk tqywl vk;ksftr
fd;k rks ckcw lkgc ml tqywl dh vfxze iafä
esa py jgs FksA nqHkkZX;o'k ikfyZ;kesaV
LVªhV ij VªkaliksVZ Hkou ds ikl
vkdj bl tqywl dk usr`Ro vokafNr gkFkksa
esa vk x;kA VªkaliksVZ Hkou esa cM+h
bEiksVZsM eksVj xkfM;+ksa dks vkx yxk nh
x;hA tqywl csdkcw gks x;kA iqfyl dks xkyh
pykuh iM+h ftlesa ,d ;k nks yksxksa dh e`R;q
gks x;hA dqN yksx ?kk;y Hkh gq,A mu fnuksa
Jh xqytkjhyky uank x`gea=h FksA ikfyZ;kesaV
dk l= pkyw FkkA tqywl ij 'kke dks 5 cts
ds yxHkx xksyh pyk;h x;hA l= dk le; c<+kdj
?kVuk ij mlh le; LFkxu çLrko j[kk
x;k vkSj cgl gqbZA uankth us x`gea=h in
ls R;kxi= ns fn;kA ysfdu ckcw lkgc dks Hkh
vkM+s gkFkksa fy;k x;kA mUgksaus viuh yach
lQkbZ nhA ;g Hkh dgk fd tqywl dks HkM+dkus
esa u rks lkèkqvksa dk gkFk Fkk u
foÜo fgUnw ifj"kn dkA ckr tks
Hkh gks ?kVuk rks ?kV x;hA ckcw lkgc yksdlHkk
ds lokZfèkd ofj"B lnL; FksA
fdlh in ij Hkh ugha FksA mu ij dkjZokbZ
djus dk ç'u Hkh ugha mBkA ijUrq bl
etes esa lkFk gksus ls mudh çfr"Bk
dkaxzslh {ks=ksa esa gYdh gqbZA
la;ksx fd eSa ml fnu u dsoy fnYyh esa Fkk]
oju laln dh çsl xSyjh esa cSBk FkkA
?kVuk dh dkukQwlh gksus ij vusd i=dkj laln
Hkou ls ckgj vk x;sA Lo- jktukjk;.k ds rsoj
ml fnu Hkh ns[kus yk;d FksA os tqywl esa
rks 'kkfey ugha Fks ijUrq ?kVukLFky ij igqap
x,A 'eky dk cnyk tku ugha gksrkÓ
mudk ;g okD; vkSj rh[ks gkoHkko eq>s
vHkh Hkh ;kn gSaA vkRej{kk esa c;ku nsrs
le; ckcw lkgc fuf'pr gh viuh fLFkfr detksj
eglwl dj jgs FksA 'kke dks gh eSa muls feykA
os lkjh ?kVuk ls f[kUu t:j Fks ijUrq mUgsa
xksj{kk tqywl esa 'kkfey gksus dk rfud Hkh
vQlksl ugha FkkA
blh çdkj Hkwnku vfHk;ku esa mudk
vVwV foÜokl FkkA os ml vkanksyu esa
gh lfØ; ugha Fks oju~ Hkwnku uke
ls mUgksaus ,d ukVd Hkh fy[kk ftlesa vkpk;Z
fouksck Hkkos rFkk tokgj yky usg: Hkh ik=
cuk, x,A muds laokn yxHkx mudh gh cksyh
esa fy[kdj ckcw lkgc us usg: th dh ç'kalk
Hkh vftZr dhA
ckcw xksfoUnnkl th viuh èkqu ds iDds
FksA tcyiqj ds xksykcktkj esa [kM+k 'kghn
Lekjd mudh lq#fp rFkk yxu dk ifjp; nsrk
gSA esjs s[;ky ls ;g vius <ax dk igyk
Lekjd gSA 'kkafr fudsru ds dyk xq# Lo- uanyky
cksl }kjk fpf=r Lokèkhurk laxzke
fp=koyh bl Lekjd dh 'kku FkhA fjokfYoax
¼?kweus okyk½ LVst dk fuekZ.k
eè;çns'k esa igyk ç;kl
Fkk gkykafd og vk'kkrhr lQy ugha gqvkA
fcuk fdlh ç'kkldh; in ds bruh çfr"Bk
rFkk yksdfç;rk fcjys O;fä;ksa
dks gh feyrh gSA tcyiqj ds dUèkkjh
ukyk tyçnk; ;kstuk] ftykè;{k
dk;kZy; ¼vc gkbZdksVZ½] ykMZxat
dk cM+k Qqgkjk vkfn ;fn ckcw lkgc ds iwoZtksa
dh ;'kksxkFkk dg jgs gSa rks vktknh dh yM+kbZ
rFkk lkfgR; l`tu esa ckcw lkgc dh fgLlsnkjh
mudk viuk bfrgkl cuk x;s gSaA bl lcds ckotwn
ckcw xksfoUnnklth ,d fujfHkekuh rFkk 'kkyhu
O;fä FksA
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