fç; ek;kjketh]
Hkksiky ls ykSVs dqN yksxksa us eq>s crk;k gS] fd vkius ^uo&Hkkjr^ esa esjs fuokl dks ysdj ,d vkanksyu gh pyk fn;k gSA [kSjkx<+ ds jkt&ifjokj dks eSa cgqr vknj dh -f"V ls ns[krk gwaA jkuh lkfgck esjh ekr`&rqY; gSaA vkids bl vfHk;ku ls eSa nq[kh gwaA vkils vknj fuosnu gS] fd vki ;g vfHk;ku can dj esjk ladV fuokj.k djsaA

vkidk
inqeyky iqUukyky c['kh

;g dqy oSlh gh felky gks x;h fd eqíbZ lqLr] xokg pqLrA ?kVuk 1957 ds vklikl dh gSA rc gh eq>s ekywe gqvk] fd [kSjkx<+ ds ftl edku esa o"kksZa ls c['kh th jg jgs Fks] mls jkuh in~ekorh nsoh us fdlh vU; O;fä dks csp fn;k FkkA [kSjkx<+ ds fuokfl;ksa dks rks bl ?kVuk ls nq[k gqvk gh] ckr tcyiqj rd igqaphA oSls rks lkfgR; txr esa ,slk dkSu O;fä gksxk tks c['kh ds çfr J)kur u gks fdUrq tcyiqj esa dqN yksxksa ls buds brus fudV ds lacaèk Fks fd ogka dqN T;knk gh fpark O;ä dh x;hA tgka rd eq>s [;ky gS eq>s bldh igyh lwpuk Lo- HkkbZ ueZnk çlknth [kjs us nhA mUgksaus vkxzg fd;k] fd eSa Hkksiky esa jkuh in~ekorhnsoh ls feydj edku cspus ds muds QSlys dks jí djk nwaA ;fn os mls cspuk gh pkgrh gSa rks ewY; dqN de& T;knk djds c['kh th dks gh foØ; dj nsaA

jkuh lkfgck ls ckr djus ds ifgys eSaus bl fn'kk esa c['khth ds fy, ,d lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ okrkoj.k fufeZr djuk Bhd le>kA blh mís'; ls ,d lekpkj çeq[k :i ls çFke i`"B ij çdkf'kr dj fn;kA tSlh dh eq>s vis{kk Fkh] pkjksa vksj ls fcØh fojksèkh i= vkus yxsA dqN çdk'ku ds fy,] dqN jkuh lkfgck ij ncko Mkyus ds fy,A lekpkj çdkf'kr gksus rFkk yksdok.kh LraHk esa tuer i=ksa ds Nius ls jkuh lkfgck us Hkh dqN ladV eglwl fd;kA blds iwoZ esjk mudk dksbZ ifjp; Hkh ugha FkkA blfy, mUgksaus lwpuk& çdk'ku foHkkx ds ,d vfèkdkjh dh ekQZr eq>s pk; ij vkeaf=r fd;kA mUgksaus iwjh 'kkyhurk ls viuk i{k çLrqr fd;k] fdUrq dqy feykdj ygtk edku ekfyd tSlk gh FkkA'esjk edku gS ftls pkgwa cspwaA^

jkuh lkfgck ds eSaus le>k;k fd 'os c['khth ds çfr vU;k; dj jgh gSaA edku cspus ds muds vfèkdkj dks ge pqukSrh ugha ns jgs gSaAfQj Hkh bruk rks vkidks lkspuk gh pkfg, fd c['khth jktifjokj ds f'k{kd jgs gSaA ljLorh ds laiknd ds :i esa mUgksaus eè;çns'k dk xkSjo c<+k;k gSA lkjs fgUnh lalkj esa mudk vknjkLin LFkku gSA vkids bl fu.kZ; ls lkfgR;dkjksa esa {kksHk O;kIr gSAÓ eaSus jkuh lkfgck dh lgkuqHkwfr tkx`r djus dk cgqr ç;Ru fd;k fdUrq os ml feêh dh ugha cuh Fkh ftls fQj ls x<+k tk ldsA vius gj ç;kl esa vlQy gks tkus ij eSaus muls fuosnu fd;k fd ftl dher ij mUgksaus ;g lkSnk vU; lTtu ls fd;k gS] ogh c['khth ls ys ysaA ml edku ds çfr c['khth dks eksg gks x;k gSA ysfdu jkuh lkfgck dk rdZ Fkk fd vc tks Hkh ckr djuh gks] u, edku ekfyd ls dh tk,A os vius opu ls ugha eqdj ldrhA

eSaus viuk lekpkji=h; vfHk;ku tkjh j[kk] fd vpkud c['khth dk ;g i= vk x;kA blds ckn ç;Ru tkjh j[kus dk loky gh iSnk ugha gksrkA Hkkjh eu ls ;g igy [kRe dj nsuh iM+hA c['khth dks vkSj vfèkd nq[kh D;ksa fd;k tk,A eSaus tcyiqj esa ckcw jkekuqtyky th JhokLro ls Hkh bl çlax esa ppkZ dhA [kSjkx<+ jkt ifjokj ls muds vkReh; lacaèk jgs gSaA 'kk;n muds vkxzg dk dqN çHkko iM+sA ijUrq jkuh lkfgck dk :[k le>dj mUgksaus ckr lekIr djus dh gh lykg nhA

c['khth dks igyh ckj 1952&53 esa gh ns[kkA dqN le; iwoZ mUgsa dSalj gks x;k FkkA jksx ls rks eqfä fey x;h ijUrq flj ij dtZ gks x;kA ;g ppkZ tc ueZnkçlknth [kjs us tcyiqj esa pyk;h rks HkkbZ jkesÜoj xq# us c['khth ds vfHkuanu dk HkO; vk;kstu djus dh ;kstuk cukbZA ;ksa rks lkjk Js; xq#th dk gh Fkk fdUrq iqNYys dh rjg mUgksaus eq>s Hkh lkFk ys fy;kA i= O;ogkj esa xq#th ds lkuh de gh yksx feysaxsAmUgksaus dydÙkk ds Lo- Jh lhrkjketh lsdlfj;k vkfn fe=ksa ls dqN jkf'k ,d= dh vkSj dqN ge yksxksa us tcyiqj esaA vfHkuanu ds lkFk c['khth dks 5000-00 #- dh FkSyh HksaV djus dk Hkh fu'p; fd;k x;k FkkA geyksx dqy 6000-00 ds vklikl gh ,d=dj ik,A vyadj.k lekjksg ij Hkh dqN jkf'k O;; gksuh gh Fkh] c['kh th dks] 4100-00 #- dh FkSyh gh HksaV dh tk ldhA
tcyiqj dk og c['kh vfHkuanu lekjksg vusd o"kksZa rd ;kn j[kk x;kA ia- gtkjh çlkn f}osnh eq[; vfrfFk FksA fgrdkfj.kh gkbZLdwy ds eSnku esa vk;ksftr dfo lEesyu esa yxHkx 8&10 gtkj Jksrk mifLFkr FksA M‚- jkedqekj oekZ ds lHkkifrRo esa vk;ksftr bl dfo lEesyu us tcyiqj esa ,d vn~Hkqr lkfgfR;d okrkoj.k cuk fn;k FkkA uo&Hkkjr rFkk çgjh us c['khth ij fo'ks"k lkexzh çdkf'kr dh FkhA blh volj ij [kjs th us esjk muls ifjp; djk;kA os FkksM+h nsj eq>s Vqdqj&Vqdqj ns[krs jgsA fQj cksys] ^ckcw] rqEgkjs nksuksa ys[k i<+sA uo&Hkkjr okyk [kwc eu ls fy[kk gS rqeusA^

lkIrkfgd çgjh esa esjk ys[k dSlk Fkk] [kqn eq>s ;kn ugha vk jgkA vius gh v[kckj esa ^tc lkèkuk flldrh gS^ 'kh"kZd ys[k esa eSaus muds ml i= dk mYys[k fd;k Fkk tks dSUlj vkijs'ku ds ckn mUgksaus ueZnk&çlknth [kjs dks fy[kk FkkA iksLV dkMZ ij fy[ks x, ml NksVs ls i= esa mUgksaus viuh fo"ke vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr dk ftØ fd;k FkkA

c['khth esjs fy, gh D;k] fdlh ds fy, Hkh vifjfpr uke ugha FkkA gekjs fefMy Ldwy dkslZ esa muds }kjk lEikfnr 'uo;qx ikBekykÓ ds Hkkx 1&2 vkfn nks ;k rhu fgUnh d{kkvksa esa i<+kbZ xbZ FkhA eSfVªd esa vk, rks >yeyk dgkuh laxzg ds ekè;e ls mudh ubZ Nfo vafdr gqbZA ljLorh ds laiknd c['khth dks rks çR;sd jpukdkj tkurk gh FkkA tc dkyst esa i<+rk Fkk rc ljLorh esa çdkf'kr muds ,d ys[k vius le; ds lqçfl) ekfld fo'kky Hkkjr esa vkpk;Z JheUukjk;.k th vxzoky dk Fkk vkSj nwljk c['khth dk ljLorh esaA nksuksa gh ys[kksa dk vkèkkj Fkk O;fä;ksa ds ukedj.k dk tkrh; lanHkZA vkpk;Z JheUth us fy[kk Fkk fd tkus ekrk&firk dSls vthc vkSj yEcs& pkSM+s uke j[k ysrs gSa vius oa'ktksa dsA f'ko lR;ukjk;.k yky] jkfèkdk je.k çlkn flag] tqxrjke fclujke] jkekuqt'kj.k flag vkfnA vkpk;Zth dh jk; Fkh fd tc NksVs ls gh dke py ldrk gS] rks brus yEcs ukeksa dh t:jr D;k gSA mUgksaus dqN tkfr lanHkksZa dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k FkkA pksj?kM+s] dkuQkM+s] iksVnq[ks] nghcM+s] nghgkaMsdj&;s tkfrokpd gSa ;k pfj= |ksrd\ dkQh fnypLi ys[k Fkk ;gA

ljLorh esa c['khth us fy[kk fd ^uke NksVs gksa ;k cM+s] D;k QdZ iM+rk gS\ esjs eka& cki us ;fn esjk uke inqeyky iqUukyky gh j[k fn;k gS] rks ,rjkt D;ksa gksuk pkfg,A fQj t:jr Hkh D;k gS fd eSa vius eka& cki }kjk fn;k ukedj.k cny ywaA ,slk djuk vius iwoZtksa dk vuknj djus ds leku gksxkA^

eq>s ;kn ugha buesa dkSu lk ys[k igys çdkf'kr gqvkA vuqeku ls gh dg ldrk gwa fd c['khth dk ys[k vkpk;Z JheUth ds ys[k ds tokc esa vk;k gksxkA viuh ijEijk dks bl lhek rd idM+s gq, c['khth us ;fn jkuh in~ekorh nsoh dks ekr`rqY; ekuk gks rks vk'p;Z D;kA

esjk [;ky gS fd c['khth ds bl fucaèk dh ppkZ vius lgikfB;ksa rFkk gksLVy ds lgokfl;ksa ls djus ij eSa c['khth dh fnup;kZ ls ifjfpr gqvkA gekjs dkyst esa [kSjkx<+ ds nsojkt vksloky] jktukanxkao ds jkèks';ke vxzoky] vuwipan tSu vkfn Hkh i<+rs FksA ;s lHkh fe= la;ksx ls c['khth ds fo|kFkÊ Hkh jgs FksA buls gh ekywe gqvk fd c['khth feBkbZ ds cgqr 'kkSdhu gSaA Ldwy ls NwVs ugha fd jktukanxkao esa eksrh gyokbZ dh nqdku ij igqapdj dqN fe"Bku ugha [kk;k] rks tSls os fnu Hkj gh Hkw[ks jgsA nwljs ;g fd fcuk chM+h fi, mudk dke gh ugha py ldrkA

tcyiqj esa vk;ksftr muds vfHkuanu lekjksg ds volj ij eSaus mudh bu detksfj;ksa dk fo'ks"k è;ku j[kkA ml fnu tcyiqj ds rFkk ckgj ls vkxUrqd vfrfFk lkfgR;dkjksa dk Hkkstu esjs gh fuokl ij FkkA eSa ckj& ckj mUgsa feBkbZ ijkslrk vkSj os badkj djrs tkrsA var esa cksys] 'ckcw] fdruk [kkÅaxkA rqe rks ekurs gh ughaAÓ eSaus pqVdh yh] 'c['khth] jktukanxkao cgqr nwj gSA ojuk eksrh dh feBkbZ gh eaxkrsA fQj Hkh ,slh rks ugh fd vkidks u #psAÓ eqLdqjkrs gq, esjh vksj ns[kdj mUgksaus iwNk] 'ckcw] ;s eksrh uke fdlus crk;k rqEgsa\Ó eSaus muds cktw esa cSBs gq, fç; f'k"; Jh fot;iky vksloky dh vksj b'kkjk dj fn;kA mUgksaus fot;ykyth dh vksj ,d Lusg Hkjh utj Mkyrs gq, NÙkhlx<+h esa dqN dgkA

muds èkweziku çse dh ?kVuk,a Hkh vthc gSaA Hkkstu ds ckn mUgsa flxjsV nh x;h rks ,d& nks d'k yxkdj mls Qsad fn;kA 'HkkbZ] chM+h gh eaxkvksA flxjsV esa etk ugha vkrkAÓ 'kke dks muds lEeku esa vk;ksftr dfo lEesyu ds eap ij ls os dc f[kld fn,] fdlh us è;ku gh ugha fn;kA tc ,d dfo egksn; us viuh jpuk ij mudh nkn pkgh rks ns[kk os eap ls unkjn gSaA [kjs th us dgk] 'ek;kjke] ;kj ns[kks rks mUgsa] dgka pys x,A dgha ?kj rks ugha py fn,\ eSa mUgsa <wa<dj grk'k ykSV jgk Fkk rks ns[kk os eap ds ihNs] tehu ij cSBs chM+h ih jgs gSaA muls vkxzg fd;k fd muds fcuk eap lwuk gS] dfo cUèkq mUgsa gh jpuk,a lefiZr dj jgs gSa rks fufoZdkj Hkko ls cksys] 'rfud chM+h rks ih ysu ns ckcwAÓ eSaus dgk] 'eap ij Hkh rks ih ldrs gSa vkiA dkSu euk dj jgk gS\Ó ijUrq eap ij chM+h ihuk mUgsa f'k"Vkpkj ds f[kykQ ekywe gqvkA os vafre Qwad yxkdj gh ykSVsA

,slk gh ,d vuqHko ia- Hkokuhçlkn th frokjh us lquk;kA lkxj foÜofo|ky; ds dqyifr ia- }kjdkçlkn feJ us ia- ek[kuyky th prqoZsnh] c['khth rFkk Hkokuh çlkn frokjh dks Mh-fyV~- dh ekun mikfèk ls foHkwf"kr djus dk QSlyk fd;kA c['khth nh{kkUr lekjksg ds fy, lkxj rks igqap x, ijUrq og jax & fcjaxk xkmu vkSj gqM èkkj.k djuk muds fy, eqlhcr gks x;kA ;g os'k igudj os cgqr vViVkiu eglwl djrs jgsA frokjhth ds le>kus& cq>kus ij os mikfèk èkkfj;ksa ds tqywl esa Hkh 'kkfey gq,A ijUrq FkksM+h nsj ckn NViVkus yxsA frokjhth ls mUgksaus dgk] ^HkkbZ] ;g lc rks Bhd gS ij chM+h fi, fcuk rks gekjk ne ?kqV jgk gSA^ u rks tqywl esa chM+h ih ldrs Fks vkSj u eap ijA ;gka nh{kkUr dk;ZØe yEck gks jgk Fkk vkSj c['kh th dh cspkSuh c<+ jgh FkhA vUr esa dksbZ cgkuk cukdj ;k mfpr volj ns[kdj frokjhth mUgsa eap ls mrkj yk,A chM+h ihus ij gh mudh r`fIr gqbZA

c['khth ek= ch-,- rd i<+s FksA ia- fd'kksjhyky th 'kqDy us mUgsa fnfXot; d‚yst esa fgUnh dk çksQslj fu;qä dj fn;kA lkxj foÜofo|ky; us bl fu;qfä dks Hkh ekU;rk çnku dj nhA vkt ds 'kS{kf.kd ;qx esa tc mikfèk;ka gh ;ksX;rk vkSj ik=rk dk ekud ekuh tkrh gksa] ia- }kjdk çlkn feJ gh ,slk dksbZ fu.kZ; ys ldrs FksA oSls rks bl rjg ds viokn dk'kh fgUnw foÜofo|ky; esa gq, gSa tc ch-,- ikl ckcw ';kelqUnj nkl vkSj baVj ¼ikl vFkok Qsy½ ia- jkepaæ 'kqDy dks egkeuk enueksgu ekyoh; us ;g lEeku fn;k Fkk fdUrq blds vykok eq>s vU; dksbZ mnkgj.k ;kn ugha vkrkA

c['khth us fdruk fy[kk bldk lgh vkdyu dj lduk laHko ugha gSA ljLorh esa fdrus gh Nn~e ukeksa ls mudh jpuk,a çdkf'kr gqbZ gSaA tc lkexzh de iM+ tk,] os fdlh u fdlh uke ls ys[k fy[kdj çsl esa ns fn;k djrs FksA ,sls Hkh de mnkgj.k ugha gSa tc muds ,d gh fucaèk ds nks& rhu ikB feyrs gSaA çdk'kd dks ftrus NksVs& cM+s ys[k dh t:jr gqbZ] iqjkus dks dkaV& NkaV dj NksVk dj fn;k ;k u;h lkexzh tksM+dj yEck dj fn;kA ,sls Hkh volj vk, fdlh çdk'kd dks ikBî iqLrd lcfeV djuk gS] rks jkr Hkj mudh Nkrh ij cSBdj ,d iwjh fdrkc gh fy[kk;k ;k laikfnr djk ys x;kA

çdk'kdksa us c['khth ds Hkksysiu dk ftruk ykHk mBk;k] mudh Js.kh ds de ys[kdksa dks ;g vuqHko gqvk gksxkA ikBîØe esa yxh fdlh iqLrd ls çdk'kd us ipkl yk[k ipkl gtkj dek, gksaxs ijUrq c['khth dks lkS nks lkS #i;k nsdj gh og vglku trk x;kA muesa ckck ukxktZqu ;k gfj'kadj ijlkbZ tSlh O;olk; prqjkbZ Hkh ugha Fkh fd vius gd dk okftc eqvkotk olwy dj ysaA

c['khth dh jpuk,a gj vk;q ds fo|kFkÊ rFkk ikBdksa dh t:jr gSaA muds laiw.kZ -frRo dks xzaFkkoyh ds :i esa çdkf'kr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A nqxZ esa Jh dud frokjh us bl fn'kk esa dqN ç;Ru Hkh fd;k FkkA ikap lkr lky gks x,] bl ;kstuk dh vc ppkZ Hkh lqukbZ ugha iM+rhA 'kk;n gh dksbZ iqLrdky; gks tgka mudh lexz -fr;ka fey ldsaA vc rks 'kk;n muds ifjokj esa Hkh lkjs xzaFk miyCèk ugha gSaA

ia- fd'kksjhyky th 'kqDy ds ikl c['khth ds laLej.kksa dk HkaMkj gSA 'kqDyth bykgkckn esa vius fo|kFkÊ dky esa muds lkFk jgs gSaA os crkrs gSa fd c['khth us ,slh dksbZ jpuk Lohdkj ugha dh ftls os ljLorh esa çdk'ku ;ksX; u ekurs gksaA ia- lqfe=kuanu iar tSls çfrHkk'kkyh ;qok dfo Hkh c['khth dh -ik -f"V dh ;kpuk fd;k djrs FksA os lLoj xkdj c['khth dks viuh jpuk,a lqukrs vkSj c['khth mUgsa vLohdkj dj nsrsA ,d ckj iUrth cgqr f[kUu gq, rks c['khth us viuk flj muds lkeus dj fn;kA cksys] 'ekj&ekj] ftruk rsjs ls cus eq>s ekjihV ys] ij rsjh jpuk eSa ugha NkiwaxkAÓ iar th gDdk&cDdk jg x,A c['khth dh vuqu;& fou; djrs jgsA fdUrq mUgksaus vkuk&tkuk can ugha fd;kA ,d fnu vkSj ,d jpuk yk,A c['khth dks lqukbZ vkSj og Lohdkj dj yh xbZA ml jpuk ij os bruk eqXèk gq, fd Hkfo";ok.kh dj nh] 'rqe pkgs ftruk fy[kks] ;g rqEgkjh Js"B jpuk ekuh tk,xhAÓ iarth dh ml dfork dk 'kh"kZd Fkk ^ifjorZu^A

bykgkckn ls c['khth ds ykSV vkus ds ckn ljLorh dk xfjek dky gh lekIr gks x;kA ;g if=dk dbZ o"kksZa rd vkSj çdkf'kr gksrh jgh fdUrq py ugha ldhA ;g fgUnh dk nqHkkZX; gS fd fo'kky Hkkjr] ljLorh vkSj dYiuk ds ckn dksbZ if=dk budk LFkk;h fodYi ugha cu ldhA gfj'kadj ijlkbZ vkSj jkesÜoj xq# ds lEiknu esa çdkf'kr olqèkk us ml fjfä dks Hkjus dh dksf'k'k dh fdUrq vFkkZHkko ds dkj.k mls Hkh can dj nsuk iM+kA

eSa jktukanxkao tkrk rks eqfäcksèk rFkk c['khth ls t:j feyrkA c['khth ds vafre n'kZu mudh 71oha o"kZxkaB ij gq,A jktukanxkao esa mudh t;arh dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k FkkA jk;iqj ls ge 15&20 yksx ;gka igqaps FksA ml HkO; lekjksg esa eq>s Jh gfj Bkdqj dh dfork dk t:j Lej.k gS tks c['khth dks gh lefiZr FkhA

[kSjkx<+ ds ml edku dk D;k gqvk] eq>s ugha ekyweA c['khth ds uke ij 'kklu ;k fdlh foÜofo|ky; us dksbZ ihB LFkkfir dh gS] ;g Hkh ;kn ugha vk jgkA mudh jpukoyh ds çdk'ku ds ç;kl vlQy gks x,A ek= eè;çns'k lkfgR; ifj"kn mudh Le`fr esa dksbZ iqjLdkj çfr o"kZ nsrh gSA iqjL-r jpukdkjksa dks ?kj cSBs gh iqjLdkj Hkst fn;k tkrk gSA